北师大版必修3高考英语一轮复习unit9wheels单元主题语篇训练一.docx
Unit 9 单元主题语篇训练AWhat if the car waiting patiently behind a parked bus is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)？Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or madly wave your hands？Its sensors could decide that it's only safe to overtake when there's no oncoming traffic at all.On a busy road at schoolhome time, this may be never leading to increasingly angry passengers and increasingly angry drivers queuing behind.And how will a robot car driving out from a Tjunction into oncoming traffic be able to make the necessary eye contact with a human driver？These safetyfirst robot cars could become victims of their own politeness and end up being bullied and ignored by aggressive, impatient humans.This, at any rate, is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr. Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioral science department at the London School of Economics.His Europewide survey finds that nearly twothirds of drivers think machines won't have enough common sense to interact with human drivers.And more than twofifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind our parked lorry for a long time.“If you view the road as a social space, you will consciously negotiate your journey with other drivers.People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortable engaging with AVs than with human drivers，”says Mr Tennant in his report.Of course, humans are always skeptical about new technologies of which they have little experience.That skepticism usually decreases with usage, however.And even many skeptics accept that emotionless AVs could cause fewer accidents than we humans, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration.A statistic often repeated is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents.But 70% of the 12,000 people Mr Tennant and his team interviewed agreed that: “As a point of principle, humans should be in control of their vehicles.” An even greater proportion 80% thought an autonomous vehicle should always have a steering wheel.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶车辆针对不同路况的应对措施、遭受的歧视以及与人为驾驶车辆相比的优势等，从而告诉人们要接受并尊重无人驾驶车辆。1What do we know about an autonomous vehicle according to the text?AIt is controlled by a robot.BIt waits shorter than other cars.CIt judges traffic by drivers online.DIt recognizes angry human drivers.解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，无人驾驶的车辆是由机器人操纵的。2What did Dr. Chris Tennant find in his study?AAutonomous vehicles won't interact with human drivers.BAutonomous vehicles avoid passing Tjunctions ahead of time.CAutonomous vehicles drive in the same ways as human drivers.DAutonomous vehicles may suffer from impatient human drivers.解析：选D细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，克里斯·坦南特博士研究团队得出的结论是：无人驾驶车辆可能会遭到没有耐心的司机的伤害。3What can we infer from the text?AAutonomous vehicles will be less social.BAutonomous vehicles are safer than generally expected.CHuman drivers have been replaced by autonomous vehicles.DHuman drivers are willing to interact with autonomous vehicles.解析：选B推理判断题。由第三段第三句和第五句可知，无人驾驶车辆比人们普遍认为得更安全。4What is the best title for the text?AAn Autonomous Car Takes a Test RunBWhat Is Driverless Technology Like?CSay No to the Coming Driverless TrendDWould You Bully a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?解析：选D标题归纳题。概括全文内容可知，作者叙述了无人驾驶车辆的优点以及它可能会遭到没有耐心的司机的欺负，再结合作者支持无人驾驶车辆可知，本文中心思想是不要欺负和不尊重无人驾驶车辆。故选D。BThe number of buses, taxis and other vehicles on Kenya's roads is growing every day.Now, the country's first electricpowered motorbikes are coming onto the market.The bike is designed to cut down on pollution and aimed at lowincome communities.Most motorbikes used in Kenya depend on gasoline, but not this new motorbike.Three university students developed the new ecotran bike.It catches the sun's energy, stores it in batteries and uses it to charge (充电) the electric motor.Robert Achoge is one of the student inventors.“Our hope is that by the fifth year, we will be able to cover the whole of Kenya with the electric motorcycle so as to protect the environment and provide affordable transport.”The students have set up a charging station for the motorbikes in Nairobi.The small battery can run for 70 kilometers when fully charged.Once the power is used up, the motorbike has to return to the station while another charged battery is connected to the bike.The US.African Development Foundation (ADF) is helping set up two solarpowered charging stations in the port of Kisumu.Each ecotran bike costs about D|S700.One taxi operator says the new motorbike costs less to operate than that running on traditional gasoline.“When it comes to buying gasoline, there's no need.It's basically good for various things.As long as you won't take quite a heavy load (装载), you can go with it anywhere.Otherwise, it may break down halfway.But now people still have a preference to the gaspowered bikes.”A Nairobi businessman Kennedy Kusimba is selling the ecotran bikes.He hopes they will become popular.“We also know they are more reliable compared to the gaspowered bikes.They are more efficient (效率高的) and they will last longer.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯尼亚第一辆电动摩托车的优势及缺点。这种摩托车使用太阳能，非常环保而且即将上市。5What has happened to the vehicles in Kenya?AMotorbikes are not allowed on the road.BA new kind of motorbike is hitting the road.CThere are fewer buses and taxis in the street.DTraditional motorbikes don't need gasoline any more.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Now, the country's first electricpowered motorbikes are coming onto the market.”可知，肯尼亚第一辆电动摩托车就要上市了。故选B。6What do we know about the ecotran bike?AIt was developed by the ADF.BIt can charge itself while running.CIts energy comes from the sunlight.DIt does more harm to the environment.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It catches the sun's energy, stores it in batteries and uses it to charge (充电) the electric motor.”可知，这种新型的电动摩托车主要使用太阳能。故选C。7What can we know about the ecotran bike?AIt's better not to use it to carry too much.BIt is a good choice for the longdistance journey.CIt will take the place of gaspowered bikes soon.DIt is much more expensive than a traditional motorbike.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As long as you won't take quite a heavy load (装载), you can go with it anywhere.”可知，这种电动摩托车不能装载太重。故A项正确。8Where does the text probably come from?AA research plan.BAn advertisement.CA business report. DA science magazine.解析：选D文章出处题。本文主要介绍了肯尼亚第一辆电动摩托车的优势及缺点。这种摩托车使用太阳能，非常环保。所以本文应该出自与发明创造相关的科学杂志。故选D。CBreakdancing is set to make its debut (首次亮相) as an Olympic sport at Paris 2024, Tony Estanguet, head of the Paris 2024 organizing committee, said on February 21. Skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing which have already been added to Tokyo Olympics, have been invited to return in Paris.Estanguet said the choices responded to a need to make the Olympics “more urban” and “more artistic”. “We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee (IOC) with the four sports because they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision. They reflect perfectly Paris 2024's identity.”Breakdancing is an example of a sport “which can be played anywhere and anytime in urban and other environments”. It appeared at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires in the form of headtohead “battles”. In competitive breakdancing, “breakers” face off in “battles” against each other, either as individuals or teams. Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics (杂技)The IOC had announced that the number of competitors at Paris 2024 would be restricted to 10,500, which limited the opportunity to add sports. But the organizers said the inclusion would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities and would involve just 248 competitors, including 32 breakdancers. The surfing events are likely to be held in established surf centers such as Biarritz or Lacanau in southwest France.The inclusion still needs to be rubberstamped by the IOC, which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris 2024 after Tokyo Olympics.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会有意增加四项新体育项目。9What do we know about breakdancing?AIt involves multiple skills.BIt's limited to group competition.CIt will show up in Paris 2024.DIt never appeared in the world events.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics (杂技)”可知，霹雳舞融合了身体技能和艺术技能，故A项正确。10Paris 2024 organizers have chosen the four sports because they _.Aattract young peopleBperfectly reflect Paris' identityCmake Paris more urban and artisticDcan be played anytime and anywhere解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision”可知，2024年巴黎奥运会组织者选择这四项体育项目是因为它们很有创意，能吸引年轻人，故A项正确。11What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A10,500 competitors will compete for the new sports.BMore surf centers will be specially designed for Paris 2024.CThe IOC will reject the proposal because of inadequate facilities.DThe inclusion won't require additional competition space to be built.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段的内容尤其是第二句中的“But the organizers said the inclusion would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities”可知，增加这四项运动项目并不需要建造永久性设施，即不需要建造额外的比赛场地。12Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “rubberstamped” in the last paragraph?AApproved. BCanceled.CSubmitted. DDesigned.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris 2024 after Tokyo Olympics”可推知，国际奥委会将决定哪些运动项目可以在东京奥运会后被添加到巴黎奥运会中，所以被包括的项目应由国际奥运会组委会批准，由此可以判断画线词表示“批准”，故A项正确。tips 利用正确选项特征解推理判断题推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：(1)“立足原文，只推一步”。找准原文后，我们就以原文为依据，必须推一步，且只推一步。因此，直接摘抄原文信息的选项是错误的。依据原文，可以推出多个动作，我们应该选择最先发生的动作或原文动作后紧接着发生的动作，其他动作都是错误的。(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only, never, all, absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般相对模糊，会用一些能够留有些许余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。例如上文第11题：
