高考英语-阅读理解重难点之应用文(解析版).docx

重难点 阅读理解之应用文【命题趋势】应用文一般分为两类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记等，近两年高考试题较少涉及；另一类是说明性应用文，包括各种广告、产品说明、旅游指南、报刊书信、公共通告和备忘录等；而近两年高考试题中的阅读理解均侧重考查后一类 。【满分技巧】高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：1. 先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2. 题干定向根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同对号入座；问题与原文相同同义替换、归纳事实等。3. 生词模糊遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。4. 信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。【热点话题】 应用文热衷话题有：就业、旅游、电影、书籍等海报。【限时检测】（建议用时：每篇5分钟）A（2021·全国·高考真题）话题：这是一篇应用文。主要介绍夏天约克郡的四个活动的情况。难度：建议用时：5分Things to Do in Yorkshire This Summer Harrogate Music Festival Since its birth, Harrogate Music Festival has gone from strength to strength. This year, we are celebrating our 50th anniversary. We begin on 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicola Benedetti, presenting an amazing programme of Mozart pieces. Dates:1 June-31 July Tickets:£12-£96 Jodie's Fitness Summer ClassesAs the summer months roll in, our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an outdoor fitness session. Come and work out with our qualified personal trainer, Jodie McGregor, on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate. We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and active exercises. There are eight spaces available for the taster session. Advance bookings are required(infomiddletonlodge.co.uk.paris) Dates:23 May-11 July Tickets: £7.50 per session Felt Picture Making Working from an inspirational picture, this workshop at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach you the techniques you will need to recreate your picture in wool. We will also discuss the origins of felt, what enables wool fibres to become felt and how the processes we use work. Dates: 12 June-12 July Tickets: £40 including materials Figure It Out!-Playing with Math A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use on a regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more. Discover how architects, product designers and scientists use similar skills in their work. Dates:7 May-10 June Tickets: Free1. What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie's fitness classes?AJoin a fitness club.BPay a registration fee.CMake a booking.DHire a personal trainer.2. How much is the ticket for Felt Picture Making?A£7.50.B£12.C£40.D£96.3. Which of the following starts earliest?AHarrogate Music Festival.BJodie's Fitness Summer Classes.CFelt Picture Making.DFigure It Out!-Playing with Math.【答案】1-3 CCD【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了今年夏天约克郡的四个活动的情况。1 细节理解题。根据Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes部分中“Advance bookings are required(infomiddletonlodge.co.uk.paris)( 需要提前预订（infomiddletonlodge.co.uk.paris）)”可知，如果你想参加Jodie的健身课程，你应该预约。故选C。2细节理解题。根据Felt Picture Making部分中“Tickets: £40 including materials(门票：40英镑（含材料）)”可知，Felt Picture Making的票需要40英镑。故选C。3细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，Harrogate Music Festival从6月1日到7月31日；Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes从5月23日到7月11日；Felt Picture Making从6月12日到7月12日；Figure It Out!-Playing with Math从5月7日到6月10日。故Figure It Out!-Playing with Math最早开始。故选D。B（2021·河北石家庄·一模）本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款学习英语的应用程序。难度：建议用时：5分If you are currently learning English, 1 highly recommend you check out the apps below.QuizletWhen learning English, you probably have to memorize a lot of words. If you want to grow your vocabulary as fast as possible, a flashcard app like Quizlet is a great shortcut. With Quizlet, you can create a set of flashcards with new English words you are trying to learn, and practice typing them out until you know them by heart. It's a simple concept, but it's highly effective.SpotifySpotify is not a language learning app. But chances are that you already use it or a similar app for listening to music or podcasts（播客）, and one of the effective ways to study is combining something you already use into your existing habits. If Spotify is already on your phone, you can subscribe to some podcasts for English learners or download playlists of songs for learning English, or make your own.BeelinguappBeelinguapp makes reading in English as convenient as possible. It shows you a text in your own language with the English translation side-by-side. Texts are short enough so that you can really dig into every word. They cover topics from fairytales, to science, to current news articles. There's even a "karaoke" feature where you can read along to audio, which helps you match up the English pronunciation with the English spellings.TandemTandem is a language exchange app which connects learners from all over the world. It can help you find a native English speaker who is trying to learn your native language, so you can swap language skills. If you only have five minutes to spare, you can simply exchange messages with a native English speaker. If you have more time, you can have a longer, digital language exchange" by sharing voice notes, or using video chat. It's a great way to test your English skills out with real people.4. What is Spotify intended to help people do?ADevelop a good habit.BListen to music or podcasts.CLearn a foreign language.DMemorize words with flashcards.5. What is the advantage of Beelinguapp?A. Learners can use their native language as a reference.B. It's convenient for learners to translate voice notes.C. It provides learners a chance to tell their own stories.D. Learners can sing English songs along to the music.6. Which app can help people interact with a native speaker?AQuizlet.BSpotify.CBeelinguapp.DTandem.【答案】4-6 BAD【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款学习英语的应用程序。4细节理解题。根据Spotify部分的“Spotify is not a language learning app. But chances are that you already use it or a similar app for listening to music or podcasts（播客）”可知，Spotify可以听音乐或者博客。故选B项。5推理判断题。根据Beelinguapp部分的“It shows you a text in your own language with the English translation side-by-side.”可推知，Beelinguapp 的优势是学习者可以用他们的母语作为参考。故选A项。6细节理解题。根据Tandem部分的“It can help you find a native English speaker who is trying to learn your native language, so you can swap language skills.”可知，Tandem这款应用程序可以帮助人们与以英语为母语的人互动。故选D项。C（2021·贵州贵阳·模拟预测）本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个适合举办婚礼和团聚等活动的场所。难度：建议用时：5分Occasions like anniversaries, weddings and reunions call for special event venues (场地). The following places may have a way out. There's no need to spend money creating atmosphere at special event venues. It's built right in!Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage415 E. STREET, ANCHORACE, ALASKA 99501Events, like great music are born of inspiration. Featuring a 13, 600-square-foot facility that will seat 275 guests with private event space, we pride ourselves on delivering an exceptional experience with a rock and twist for each of our guests.Business Expo Center1960 S. ANAHEIM WAY, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805The Business Expo Center is Orange County's important event venue in Anaheim, California. Our flexible 36,000-square-foot expo center is home to space for conferences, trade shows and celebrations. We pride ourselves on providing a memorable experience with excellent flexibility, services, and cost savings. We won't charge customers for on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.Automobile Driving Museum610 LAIRPORT STREET, EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA 90245Centrally located in the South Bay beach community of EL Segundo, California, the ADM offers a wonderful venue for private parties and corporate events. Conveniently located 5 minutes south of LAX, right off the 405 and 105 Freeways, the 610 Lairport space has a special feel surrounded by our primary automobile collection. We offer several different venues inside and outside our facility for diverse events. To better our service, reservations are needed.Yamashiro Hollywood1999 N. SYCAMORE AVE., LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90068Yamashiro Hollywood is a restaurant and therefore, all food and wine must be handled in house. However, guests are allowed to bring in outside wine and champagne for a corkage fee (开瓶费).7. Which venue can you enjoy music?ABusiness Expo Center.BYamashiro Hollywood.CHard Rock Cafe Anchorage.DAutomobile Driving Museum.8. What is special about Automobile Driving Museum?A. It's home to space for music shows.B. It is convenient for guests to go there.C. It's located in Los Angeles, California 92805.D. You can experience high-speed Wi-Fi free of charge.9. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?ATo show the importance of anniversaries.BTo introduce some activities.CTo advertise some museums.DTo recommend some special venues.【答案】7-9 CBD【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个适合举办周年纪念日、婚礼和团聚等活动的场所。7细节理解题。根据Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage标题中“Hard Rock(硬摇滚乐)”和“Events, like great music are born of inspiration.”可知，Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage与音乐活动有关，在Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage能欣赏音乐。故选C项。8推理判断题。根据Automobile Driving Museum部分“Conveniently located 5 minutes south of LAX, right off the 405 and 105 Freeways, ”可推知，Automobile Driving Museum所处位置交通便利，客人去那里很方便。故选B项。9推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段“Occasions like anniversaries, weddings and reunions call for special event venues.The following places may have a way out. There's no need to spend money creating atmosphere at special event venues. (周年纪念、婚礼和团聚等场合需要特殊的活动场所。以下几个地方可能帮上忙)”可推知，作者在文中介绍了几个用于周年纪念、婚礼和团聚等场合的特殊场所。故选D项。D（2021·广西南宁·模拟预测）这是一篇应用文，主要向读者推荐了全球几座值得参观的灯塔及周边。难度：建议用时：5分Unique LighthousesAugust 7 is National Lighthouse Day. It's a day to celebrate the lights that guide us home and the historic importance of lighthouses and their keepers, who not only guided ships into harbor but also played key roles in naval battles across the globe. Check out these fantastic lighthouses across the globe as well as recommendations on the best places to stay near them. Cape Byron Lighthouse, Byron Bay, AustraliaThe Cape Byron Lighthouse in Byron Bay, Australia was built in the early 20th century to help protect the Australian coastline. Today, it's a beautiful location to watch the sunrise. Within walking distance is the Watermark, a perfect place to stay and get some much-needed rest and relaxation from daily life. Lighthouse of Chania, Crete, GreeceThe Lighthouse of Chania, Crete is one of the oldest surviving lighthouses in the world, dating back to the sixteenth century. Travelers can take a walk along its long pier (码头) during the sunset. Located near the pier to the lighthouse is a hotel from 1890, which offers beautiful views of the bay. Key West Lighthouse, Key West, Florida, USAThe Key West Lighthouse was built in 1825 to help guide ships entering the port. Travelers can enjoy climbing up the lighthouse to reach the wonderful sea views and can stay at the KimptonLighthouse Hotel, with easy access to the lighthouse and the Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum. Pigeon Point Lighthouse, Pescadero, California, USAThe Pigeon Point Lighthouse in Pescadero, California was built in 1871 to help ships navigate (导航) the region's dangerous coastline. Today, the lighthouse is a state landmark, and the quarters where the lighthouse keepers lived have been turned into a hostel, making it a great home base to explore the outdoors, spot whales and watch the stars.10. Why is National Lighthouse Day celebrated?ATo show the hard life of lighthouse keepers.BTo instruct how to guide ships into harbor.CTo honor lighthouses and their keepers.DTo stress the importance of light.11. Of the following lighthouses, which is the oldest?ACape Byron Lighthouse.BLighthouse of Chania.CKey West Lighthouse.DPigeon Point Lighthouse.12. What do the listed lighthouses have in common?AThey are all located in the USABThey have become tourist attractions.CThey offer accommodation to visitors.DThey are good spots to watch the sunrise.【答案】10-12 CBB【分析】这是一篇应用文，主要向读者推荐了全球几座值得参观的灯塔及周边。10细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It's a day to celebrate the lights that guide us home and the historic importance of lighthouses and their keepers, who not only guided ships into harbor but also played key roles in naval battles across the globe.”可知，灯塔节是为了庆祝灯塔在导航和历史上发挥的作用和灯塔看守人在引导船只归港和在全球海战中发挥的重要作用。故选C。11细节理解题。从四座灯塔的修建时间对比可知，希腊的哈尼亚灯塔 (Lighthouse of Chania) 的历史可以追溯到公元16世纪，其它三座灯塔的修建时间均晚于此。故选B。12推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Checkout these fantastic lighthouses across the globe as well as recommendations on the best places to stay near them.（看看世界各地的这些神奇的灯塔，以及它们附近最好的住宿地点的建议。）”及第三、四部分出现的“travelers”可知，这些灯塔都已经成为旅游景点。故选B。E（2021·广东珠海·模拟预测）这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个针对6到7岁及以下孩子的探险者营地。难度：建议用时：5分Space Center Houston offers a variety of age-appropriate and inspiring camp experiences with safety top of mind. In the wake of COVID-19, we aim to continue inspiring all generations through the wonders of space exploration while maintaining the highest level of safety for all. Our Explorer Camps introduce children ages 4-11 to science, technology, engineering and math through engaging and hands-on learning activities. Discover and explore our Explorer Camps for ages 6-7 and below.JOURNEY TO MARSJune 14-18, July 12-16, Aug. 9-13 | $289.95 5-DAY EXPLORER CAMPWhile demonstrating best safety practices, campers are involved in activities that arouse their interest in science along with their sense of adventure. These young engineers learn the basics of rocketry, discover coding, and explore hands-on science activities.ENGINEERING BASICSJune 7-11, July 5-9 | $289.95 5-DAY EXPLORER CAMPCampers discover what it takes to solve problems related to space exploration in Engineering Basics. Taking LEGO bricks “out of the box” and to new and exciting places, this camp gets your little builders using LEGO bricks like never before. These engineers-in-training will participate in problem-solving activities, building simple machines, art projects, and robotics.JOURNEY TO SPACEJune 28-July 2, July 26-30 | $289.95 5-DAY EXPLORER CAMPHow do astronauts work in space? Why is Venus so hot? Will people ever go to Mars? How do robots work? What do engineers do? All these questions are answered as campers explore space through art, science, robotics, and engineering activities. This camp leaves all inquiring minds inspired to continue their journey.EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERYJune 1-5 | $229.95 5-DAY EXPLORER CAMPCampers discover what it takes to send people, supplies and spacecraft beyond Earth's atmosphere. During this five-day adventure, former astronauts will deliver speeches on how they live and work in the space station.13. Which camp provides campers with knowledge of rocket?AJOURNEY TO MARS.BENGINEERING BASICS.CJOURNEY TO SPACE.DEXPLORA