2023届新教材新高考英语外研版一轮学案-写作专项突破专题一第一讲　千锤百炼　夯基固源.docx

专题一 写作基础篇第一讲千锤百炼夯基固源第一节八大句子成分写好简单句的根基一、主语句子的主体主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。(2021·全国卷乙，书面表达)Online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.(动名词及反身代词作主语)线上学习本身有其自身的不足，这使得我们很难不受其影响。(2020·天津卷，书面表达)It is hoped that children will be more responsible and brave in the future.(It作形式主语，从句作真正的主语)相信孩子们会在未来更加的有责任心、更勇敢。(2020·新高考全国卷，读后续写)The young felt very happy when they saw the popcorn sold well.(名词化的形容词作主语)(三个)年轻人看到爆米花卖的十分畅销，感到非常高兴。对点训练1不同的人喜欢不同的季节；我最喜欢的季节是春季。(名词短语作主语)Different people like different seasons；my favorite season is spring.2与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。(不定式短语作主语)To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.3(天津卷，书面表达)我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。(从句作主语)What I'm going to tell you is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class.二、谓语主语的行为谓语可以用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词实义动词”可以作谓语(2020·全国卷，书面表达)I respect and love him very much.(及物动词作谓语)我十分地敬重并且喜欢他。(2020·浙江卷，读后续写)He told me a helicopter was on its way .(系表结构作谓语)他告诉我说一架直升机会来(2019·全国卷，书面表达)The match will take place in our school gym on the morning of July 8th.(助动词动词短语作谓语)比赛将于7月8号早上在我们学校的体育馆举行。对点训练4(2019·江苏卷，书面表达)在下个月的欢迎仪式上，我更喜欢穿校服而不是中国的传统服饰。 (实义动词作谓语)I prefer the school uniform to the Chinese traditional dress at the welcome ceremony next month.5他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词短语作谓语) When he got up at 7：00 am.，a big plan occurred to him.6手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语)The watch is necessary in our daily life，but its function is too simple and dull.三、宾语动作的对象宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。(2021·新高考全国卷，读后续写)Under the guidance of their father, they took positive actions. (名词作宾语)在她们父亲的指导下，她们采取了积极措施。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)Both students and teachers hope to hold such activities again.(不定式作宾语)师生都希望能再次举办这样的活动。(2020·全国卷，读后续写)You may send Bernard popcorn every day.(双宾语)你们可以每天给Bernard送些爆米花。对点训练7(2018·北京卷，书面表达)我要向你表达最热烈的欢迎。(名词短语作宾语)I would like to express my warmest welcome to you.8他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词短语作宾语)Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out.9(2019·全国卷，书面表达)我保证它(音乐节)将会是一场视觉和听觉的盛宴。(从句作宾语)I promise it will be a feast for your eyes and ears.四、表语主语的特征表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)Mr.Liu is a very respectable teacher indeed! (名词作表语)刘老师的确是一个十分值得敬重的老师！(2020·浙江卷，读后续写)Our camera dropped and our lives were in danger.(介词短语作表语)我们的相机掉在地上，我们身处危机之中。(2018·天津卷，书面表达)What I would like to stress is that it is looking for new members at this moment.(从句作表语)我想要强调的是目前它正在寻找新的成员。对点训练10(全国卷，书面表达)这次展览的主题是环境保护。(名词作表语)The theme of the show is environmental protection.11几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语)Several minutes passed but the whole class was in complete silence.12(2019·全国卷，书面表达)我们学校要组织这个音乐节，目的是推广中国传统民族音乐和欣赏外国音乐。(不定式短语作表语) Our school is to organize this festival，which is intended to promote Chinese traditional folk music as well as enjoy foreign ones.五、定语名词的修饰语定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)A guide led us to the strawberry field，where we saw fresh red strawberries.(从句作定语)一名导游把我们领到草莓园里，在那里，我们看到了红彤彤的新鲜草莓。(2019·全国卷，书面表达)Every participating team is great and ready for the game.(现在分词作定语)每一个参赛队都很优秀，都为比赛做好了准备。(2018·浙江卷，读后续写)Never in her life had she tasted anything better.(比较级作定语)她从来没有品尝过比这更美味的东西。对点训练13我们可能有各种各样解决此类情况的方法。(不定式短语作定语)We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.14(2020·全国卷，书面表达)这些日子里，我和同学们根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。(过去分词作定语)These days，I，together with my classmates，have adapted a short play based on the English text.15(全国卷，书面表达)欢迎所有感兴趣的学生参加。(从句作定语)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.六、状语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等。(2021·新高考全国卷I，读后续写)Knowing what they were preparing for, he was greatly surprised.(现在分词作状语)知道了她们正在准备的内容，他很吃惊。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)We began to pick strawberries with caution for fear that some plants were destroyed.(介词短语作状语)因为害怕弄坏了其他庄稼，我们开始细心地采摘草莓。(2019·全国卷，书面表达)I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.(从句作状语)如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。对点训练16(2018·浙江卷，读后续写)Jane在天破晓的时候醒来，又渴又饿。(形容词作状语)Jane rose at the break of day，hungry and thirsty.17(北京卷，书面表达)为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。(不定式短语作状语)To solve this problem，my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion，and later reported it to the headmaster.18美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，分享着彼此的故事。(with复合结构和现在分词作状语)With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits，sharing each other's stories.七、补语宾语或主语的补充说明补语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。(2021·新高考全国卷，读后续写)With all preparations done，they started to fry bread together.(过去分词作宾补)一切准备就绪，她们开始一起煎面包。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)I'll keep his kindness and help in mind forever.(介词短语作宾补)我将永远记住他的善良和帮助。(2019·全国卷，书面表达)All in all，my sense of responsibility will make me a qualified volunteer.(名词作宾补)总而言之，我的责任感会使我成为一个合格的志愿者。对点训练19科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式短语作宾补)Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature.20为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听别人说英语。(过去分词作宾补)To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.21(2018·浙江卷，读后续写)叔叔Paul叫我们起床吃早饭。(副词作宾补)Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast.八、同位语对名词或代词进一步的解释说明对句子中的名词或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)Take my neighbor Uncle Li for example.He is a volunteer who works as a gate guard in our community during the epidemic of COVID­19.(名词作同位语)以我的邻居李叔叔为例，在新冠肺炎的疫情期间，李叔叔是我们社区门卫的一名志愿者。(2017·天津卷，书面表达)There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.(从句作同位语)毫无疑问，我将会通过我的努力提高它的声誉。对点训练22. (2021·全国卷甲，书面表达)有消息说我们学校将会举办一次以中国传统习俗为主题的班会。(从句做同位语)Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs.23(2018·浙江卷，读后续写)我爸爸的朋友，Paul叔叔去机场接了我们。(名词作同位语)Uncle Paul，my dad's friend，picked us up from the airport.24他们三个想一起步行周游世界。(数词作同位语)They three want to travel around the world together on foot.跟踪训练根据括号中的要求及汉语补全下列句子1(全国卷，书面表达)作为一个外国学习者，你很难理解他们真正的含义和文化。(it作形式主语) As a foreign learner，it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them.2(2019·全国卷，书面表达)我能加强中国和英国之间的友谊。(“情态动词实义动词”作谓语)I can strengthen the friendship between China and English.3(2020·全国卷，书面表达)诚实地讲，他的帮助对我有很大影响。(代词作宾语)To be honest，his assistance has a great impact on me.4那时，我成了全班的焦点，充满了自豪和自信。(形容词短语作表语)At that moment，I became the focus of the whole class and was full of great pride and confidence.5(2019·浙江卷，书面表达)我衷心地感谢你在英语学习上对我的帮助。 (代词，形容词作定语)I want to send my sincere gratitude for your kind help with my English learning.6大约两个小时后，我们带着疲惫但满足的表情走了出来。(分词作状语)About two hours later，we went out，wearing tired but satisfied expressions.7我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。(形容词作宾补)We'll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.8我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。(从句作同位语)I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty.第二节九个简单句式多样化表达的保障一、主语谓语(不及物动词)该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。(2021·新高考全国卷I读后续写)Mom cried，happily.母亲高兴地哭了。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy.沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。对点训练1(全国卷，书面表达)在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard.2(北京卷，书面表达)龙舟训练营将于7月20号开始。The Dragon Boat Training Camp will open on July 20th.3因此，这种新鞋最近才问世。Therefore，this new kind of shoes has come into being recently.二、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、特殊疑问词不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。(2020·全国卷，读后续写)Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.他们中的许多家庭挣扎在贫困线上。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)She is so patient with each student that we all respect her.她对每一个学生非常有耐心，我们都很敬重她。对点训练4最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。Finally，we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently.5他正在考虑下一步做什么。He is considering what to do next.三、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)She patted me gently on the shoulder and gave me great encouragement.她温柔地拍拍我的肩，给了我极大的鼓励。(2020·新高考全国卷，读后续写)Harry brought Clara the tools he needed to make popcorn.Harry给Clara带来了做爆米花的工具。对点训练6格林先生将会就如何学好英语给我们做一场报告。Mr.Green will deliver us a speech on how to learn English well.7幸运的是，她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。Fortunately，she promised me another chance to interview.8(天津卷，书面表达)现在，我代表全校同学，祝愿你们平安返回。Now，on behalf of my schoolmates，I wish you a safe return.四、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。(2021·新高考全国卷，读后续写)Father helped them adjust the fire. 父亲帮他们调了调火。(2020·新高考全国卷，读后续写)Clara's contribution certainly made the sale a huge success.Clara的付出使得销售成为了一个极大的成功。对点训练9我们发现一个男人躺在地上。We found a man lying on the ground.10我说不好法语，但我能使别人听懂我的话。I don't speak good French，but I can make myself understood.五、主语系动词表语该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式、动名词等。(2021·新高考全国卷，读后续写)Delicious breakfast was ready.美味的早餐准备好了。(2020·江苏卷，书面表达)What would happen remains unknown to them.接下来会发生什么对他们来说是未知的。对点训练11在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。In my opinion, a person without friends will never be happy.12现在，在高中学校里课外活动正变得越来越受欢迎。Nowadays，after­class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.六、“拥有”句型“拥有”句型中最常用的动词有have，possess，get，own等；介词短语with, in possession of等。(2020·新高考全国卷，读后续写)I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish.我有一个好主意！我有一个我们所有人帮他达成想法的解决方案。 (2020·全国卷，书面表达)Uncle Li is a person who possesses a rare intelligence.李叔叔是一个拥有非凡智慧的人。对点训练13(2019·全国卷，书面表达)我有超越其他人的一些优秀品质。I own/have some great qualities over others.14我是一个这样的人，努力工作，可以依靠，忠诚，拥有必要的技能。I am just the man who's hard­working，dependable，loyal and in possession of necessary skills.七、“there be”句型there be句型有很多变式，恰当地运用there be(be可用各种时态)句型及其变式对提升写作大有帮助。(2021·全国卷甲)As far as we know, there is a huge cultural difference between China and the western countries.众所周知，中西方存在着巨大的文化差异。常用的there be句型变式有：There情态动词be .(2019·浙江卷，概要写作)There should be praise given on a case­by­case basis and proportionated (相称) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.赞扬应该就事论事并且要与你的孩子付出的努力相称。There be sb./sth.doing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语)There are many students standing in a queue to welcome the old soldier Zhang Guofu.有很多学生正站队欢迎这位老兵张国富。There be sth.to do/to be done(2018·全国卷，书面表达)There are several aspects to pay attention to.有几个方面需要注意。There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/comes/goes .There remains some doubt among the public as to whether the policy will work.公众依旧怀疑这项政策是否会有效。There seems/appears/happens/used to be .There happened to be a lot of people by the road.They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。There is no denying that .不可否认There is no denying that it was your encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.不可否认，是您的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。There is no doubt that .毫无疑问There is no doubt that it is a good chance for us to learn from each other and know more about each other.毫无疑问，这是一个我们彼此相互学习和相互了解的好机会。There is no need to do .没有必要做In our life we may meet many failures.As long as we try our best，there is no need to feel regret for these failures.生活中我们可能遇到许多的失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。There is no sense/point (in) doing .做是没有意义的/道理的(2019·江苏卷，书面表达)There is no sense (in) wearing school uniforms when greeting British exchange students.欢迎英国交换生时穿校服是没有道理的。对点训练15有句名言说：“好习惯带来好结果”。这表明了习惯的重要性。There is a famous saying that “Good habits lead to good endings”，which shows the importance of habits.16毫无疑问，写英语日记对你的英语书面语很有帮助。There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with written English.八、比较句型比较句型包含原级比较(as .as)、比较级和最高级。除常规的比较级之外，一些和比较级有关的句式也是高考写作中重要的提分点。Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.在互联网上寻找信息比在图书馆寻找更方便。China is becoming stronger and stronger.中国正变得越来越强大。This table is three times bigger than that one.这张桌子是那张的3倍大。(2018·浙江卷，读后续写)Jane kept moving，but the farther she walked，the more confused she became.Jane继续走，但却越走越迷茫。对点训练17他越忙感觉越幸福。The busier he is，the happier he feels.18把这三个大城市列入你的明细表中，这是最好的选择。You can't have made a better choice to include the three major cities on your list.九、“it”句式无论it作形式主语、形式宾语还是其他的句式，都可以使得整个句子立体、丰满，使得评价性词汇(补语)更加明显。(2020·全国卷，书面表达)His devotion to the career and consideration for us earn my and other students' gratitude.It is his devotion to the career and consideration for us that earn not only my，but also other students' gratitude.(2019·北京卷，书面表达)By the way，since you visit China in summer，it's recommended that you bring along summer clothes and an umbrella，which will protect you from sudden rain.顺便提一下，由于你在夏天游玩中国，建议你随身携带夏装和雨伞，以防止突然下雨。对点训练19(2019·天津卷，书面表达)我认为，您主讲音乐更好，因为音乐在我们的日常生活中占有重要位置。Personally，it would be better for you to lecture on music because music plays an important role in our daily life.20(2019·全国卷，书面表达)我认为，收集更多我们对手的信息做些准备至关重要。I think it vital that you search more information about our opponents to make some preparations.跟踪训练根据汉语补全下列句子1(2021·西安十校检测，读后续写)女主角勤奋工作了十年去偿还所有的钱。The heroine worked hard for ten years to pay back all the money.2(2021·新高考全国卷)我经常阅读报刊上的小说。I often choose to read the novels in the paper. 3篮球一直给我面对生活中挑战的力量。Basketball has always been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.4(北京卷，书面表达)事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。In fact，he inspires me to major in English in college.5(2019·全国卷，书面表达)我擅长英语，并且熟悉中国画。I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings.6小女孩手里拿着玩具，偷偷地溜出了家门。With the toy in her hand, the little girl slid out of the house.7(2020·新高考全国卷模拟，读后续写)尽管他是我今日生活中消退记忆中的一个，但有些时候我会非常清晰地记得他的脸庞，尤其是他的眼睛。Though it is one of the faded memories of my life today，there are times when I remember his face clearly，especially his eyes.8这座城市美的无法用语言表达。The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.9(2021·新高考全国卷，读后续写)不仅仅是早饭，还有孩子们对她的爱深深地感动了她。It was not only breakfast, but the love of the children for her that moved her very much.10(2021·浙江卷1月，书面表达)首先，全面了解学习很重要。At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. 第三节五类复合句式与众不同的无上良品