山东省德州市2021届高三英语下学期4月联考二模试题.docx

山东省德州市2021届高三英语下学期4月联考（二模）试题第一部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEducation Outside the ClassroomThe Lawrenceville School provides students with experientially based programmes that educate them in responsible leadership, community engagement, and character development that enhance both academic and non-academic skills. Community ServiceThe School's Community Service Programme encourages all Lawrentians to connect with the greater community, giving them the opportunity to engage with a variety of people outside the students' immediate world. Model UNStudents will learn the inner-working of the United Nations by participating in this programme. During the first semester, students meet and discuss important world events. During the second semester, students prepare to participate in the Model UN Conferences. Investment ProgrammeThe programme gives students hands-on experience in the financial world. Students learn the basics of investing, watch trends in the market, and research stocks. Due to a generous donation, the group has $ 5,000 of real money to invest. Gams will be invested back into the programme. Fine Arts & LiteratureMembers meet weekly to enjoy a community of individuals who appreciate the fine arts and literature. In the spring, the programme publishes a collection of artworkphotography, drawings, paintings, essays, short stories and poetry. Additionally, the programme hosts book discussions and film screenings throughout the year.1. What's the shared goal of all the programmes?A. To improve academic skills.B. To experience community life.C. To develop overall competence.D. To encourage social involvement.2. Which programme should you choose to develop global leadership?A. Model UN.B. Community Service.C. Fine Arts Literature.D. Investment Programme.3. What can be expected of the Investment programme?A. It makes a profit for those participants.B. It offers advanced marketing knowledge.C. It lays a foundation for financial management.D. It gives access to successful businessmen.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. CBSam Mehr, a psychologist at Harvard started working on the project after he kept reading an overfamiliar line at the top of research papers that said, “music is universal.” But every time he came across the statement, there wasn't a citation to back it up.To see if there was any proof to this claim, he and his fellow researchers created two databases： one with descriptions from the researchers of what happened when music from the 1960s was playing, and another of 118 audio recordings from 86 different societies.He found that there were three characteristics of behavior that consistently characterized music: formality, arousal (or how calming or exciting a song was), and religiosityreligious respect.People did a decent job guessing the themes, especially for dance songs and nursery rhymes, says Manvir Singh, a Harvard Ph. D. student in the department of human evolutionary biology.“Music appears in this huge diversity of behavioral, social, emotional context in human societies,” Singh says, “but it does so similarly across societies. ”“The musical brain may have led to things that we take for granted in human nature, like compassion and empathy(同情与共情）,because music uniquely can help us achieve those states,” Daniel Levitin, a cognitive scientist who's done similar research on music and evolution, explains, “Not to mention awe, appreciation, and gratitude. ”For Mehr and his team, the hunt for data is just the beginning. The lab is running more detailed quizzes to dig into how people respond to what they hear. They also hope to do studies on different populations like babies to see how they react to tunes like nursery rhymes from faraway societies.Singh says he also hopes to analyze lyrics and the way they shape people's feelings and actions, even if it's in a language they dont understand. Exploring the lyrics allows us to better understand how music can bring these emotional or behavioral responses,” says Singh, “but also, in a broader way, the world view of the people who are singing.”4. What's the main idea of the text?A. Music shapes people's world views.B. Music is universal across societiesC. Music behaviors are different in cultures.D. The scientists have different opinions on music.5. Which music behavioral characteristic will appear when rock music is playing?A. Gratitude.B. Formality.C. Religiosity.D. Arousal.6. What does Daniel Levitin think of music?A. It plays a role in emotion.B. It can't lead to appreciation.C. It can help us achieve goals.D. It is a talent we are born with.7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. More quizzes will be conductedB. Different populations will be studied.C. The hunt for data has already been finished.D. Further data wait to be sought.【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. DCIf you watch nature documentaries, it's easy to come away with the impression that grand tropical forests have been largely undisturbed until modern times. However, in the last two decades, scientific data have shown that, actually, human societies have occupied and changed these environments over many million years.Patrick Roberts, from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, says some of the trees alive in tropical forests are up to a thousand years old. And they're sort of like time capsules, storing a record of past human activity in their tree rings, chemistry and DNA. So he wanted to see how different existing methods might come together to explore past tree populations, tree growth, tree ages by looking at the largest witnesses of the changes in human activity in the tropicsthe trees themselves.For example, native peoples of the Amazon basin planted Brazil nuts for thousands of years. Roberts' colleague Victor Caetano-Andrade analyzed tree rings to determine the age and growth rates of Brazil nut trees near the city of Manaus. He found that many trees were established in the late 1600s, but there was a steep drop-off in new trees around the middle of the 18th century.As colonial communities came into Manaus and developed the city, they drove the natives out, often killing them. And what Victor found is that, actually, their growth slowed after this period without these traditional management strategies.Another example is how communities selected for genetic features in a variety of tropical trees, such as the cocoa tree-used, of course, to make chocolate. A more detailed full genome analysis of this plant has shown that humans may have even selected genes that reduced bitterness and improved its resistance to disease for their own economic benefit.Roberts says recognizing tropical trees as time capsules of cultural heritage gives us yet another reason to protect them. “Not just because of their ecological benefits, which are hugely significant, but also the information that they store about human history, about our past. ”8. What does the underlined phrase “time capsules” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Old trees.B. Human history.C. Human activities.D. Cultural heritage.9. What caused the great decrease of nut trees in the mid-18th century?A. Natural disasters.B. Colonial invasions.C. Ecological benefitsD. Natural selection.10. How is the text organized?A. By providing examples.B. By making a summary.C. By drawing comparisionsD. By producing a classification.11. What do we know from the text?A. Tropical forests need traditional management.B. Tropical forests have witnessed human history.C. Tropical forests have been protected for economic benefits,D. Tropical forests have been undisturbed until modern times.【答案】8. A 9. B 10. A 11. BDLast year, a team of biologists and computer scientists from Tufts University and the University of Vermont (UVM) created novel, self-healing biological machines called Xenobots 1.0. Measuring less than 1mm long and made up of 5001,000 living cells, it could move around, and demonstrate cooperative group activities while collecting piles of micro particles.The research team has now created a new generationXenobots 2.0, which move faster, and have a longer life than the first edition, and they still have the ability to work together in groups and heal themselves if damaged.The biologists took stem cells from embryos of the African frog Xenopus (hence the name Xenobots) and allowed them to develop independently and grow into small balls, where some of the cells after a few days began to produce cilia, tiny hair-like things sticking out that move back and forth or turn around in a specific way, which gives the new round robots “legs” to move them rapidly across a surface.“We want Xenobots 2.0 to do useful work. Right now, we're giving them simple tasks such as garbage collection in the blood, but ultimately, we're aiming for a new kind of living tool that could, for example, clean up microplastics in the ocean or pollutants in the soil.” said Michael Levin, a famous professor of Biology from Tufts University.It turns out, the new Xenobots 2.0 are much faster and better than last year's model. They can record information to adjust the robot's actions and behaviors, and they can also repair and restore themselves if they become damaged. Healing is a natural feature of living organisms, and it is a new model system that can provide a foundation for regenerative medicine.12. Which advantage does the Xenobots 2.0 have over the first edition?A. It changes faster.B. It performs better.C. It becomes longer.D. It evolves more slowly.13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The definition of Xenobots 2.0.B. The function of Xenobots 2.0.C. The movement of Xenobots 2.0.D. The development of Xenobots 2.0.14. What can Xenobots 2.0 do at present?A. Break down nutrients.B. Sweep out pollutants in the soil.C. Collect garbage in the blood.D. Clean up the microplastics in the ocean.15. On what basis will Xenobots 2.0 contribute to regenerative medicine?A. Recording.B. Healing.C. Memorizing.D. Moving【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Procrastination (延迟症) is the act of delaying a task. So, whether you refer to it as a lack of self-control or something else, it is the force that prevents you from following through on what you set out to do. _16_ Here are some tips we can employ to stop procrastinating.Make the rewards of taking action more immediate. One strategy, known as temptation bundling (诱惑绑定), which suggests you bundle a behavior that is good for you in the long-run with a behavior that feels good in the short-run. The basic format is: Only do things you love while doing things you procrastinate on. _17_ It becomes easier to avoid procrastination。Make the consequences of procrastination more immediate. _18_ For example, if you are exercising alone, skipping your workout next week won't affect your life much at all. However, if you commit to working out with a friend at 7 a.m. next Monday，then the cost of skipping your workout becomes more immediate, which makes you feel ashamed._19_ Planning actions ahead of time can help to stop procrastination. You can stop wasting time on your phone by deleting games or social media apps. You can build an emergency fund by setting up an automatic transfer of funds to your savings account.Make the task more achievable. A great way to make tasks more achievable is to get started at once. For example, getting off the couch can be tough, but once actually you start running, it is much easier to finish your workout. _20_A. We have been struggling with itB. Make designing your future actions more immediate.C. Listen to your favorite songs while exercising.D. We like instant satisfaction, not long-term payoff.E. Enjoy feelings of satisfaction and accomplishment.F. Getting started is just as important as succeeding.G. Pay the costs of procrastination sooner rather than later.【答案】16. A 17. C 18. G 19. B 20. F第二部分 语言运用(共两节 30分)第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Dick and Rick Hoyt began their extraordinary father-son racing team more than four decades ago, when Rick, then, a high school student in a wheelchair, _21_his father to push him in a 5-mile run, benefiting a classmate who had been paralyzed (瘫痪) in an accident.Mr. Hoyt was nearing 40 and, _22_, was no longer the athlete he had been in his youth. But he_23_to race with son, having no sign of the thousands of miles they would_24_together, letting alone the national _25_ they would gather along the way.Born with a_26_cerebral palsy (脑瘫), Rick was unable to move his arms or legs. Even he could not_27_. But he could_28_with the aid of a computer that enabled him to tap out words with his head. After that first race, Rick declared to his father that when they were running, it felt as though his_29_disappeared. Over the next 40 years, Rick and Dick would_30_in more than 1,000 races around the country, including 72 marathons. Team Hoyt, as the father-son partners were called, drove an active shift in the_31_of people with disabilities, one whose_32_reached far beyond their community.“Team Hoyt_33_what it means to be an athlete, fully showing_34_, passion, and love,” the Athletic Association said in the_35_. “The pair's bond and presence has become synonymous (同义的) with the Marathon.”21. A. forcedB. askedC. promisedD. followed22. A. anyhowB. whateverC. howeverD. otherwise23. A. refusedB. agreedC. allowedD. planned24. A. pushB. walkC. cycleD. cover25. A. discussionB. curiosityC. attentionD. theme26. A. slightB. mildC. fierceD. severe27. A. readB. speakC. lookD. listen28. A. communicateB. cooperateC. interviewD. learn29. A. fearB. honorC. disabilityD. embarrassment30. A. travelB. wanderC. relaxD. compete31. A. treatmentB. desireC. concernD. need32. A. actionsB. influencesC. wordsD. thoughts33. A. spreadsB. advertisesC. reflectsD. announces34. A. eleganceB. strengthC. achievementD. determination35. A. statementB. instructionC. negotiationD. appointment【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A第二节（共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chen Wei, a Chinese military's top biomedical expert, received the honorary title “People's Hero”_36_her contribution to COVID-19-related basic research and vaccine development.One quality of Major General Chen Wei's that people have praised is the_37_(speed) way she does things. She walks, talks and eats very fast so that she can use the time_38_