2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲10定语从句(一).docx

【考点解读】 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等。2. 考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时, whose名词名 词 of which of which名词。如： The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引 导的主语从句的区分。 4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5. 考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom， 指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要 注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。【高考预测】定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。关系代词1. 定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用所作成分代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose/of whomwhose/of whichIs he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚才和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)He lives in a room whose window faces south. 他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的窗户)2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别情况说明只用that不用which先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时先行词被the very，the only等修饰时主句是以which，what，who开头的特殊疑问句时先行词既有人也有物时两个定语从句中一个关系代词用which，另一个要用that只用which不用that引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词前有介词时先行词本身是that时It is the best film(that)I have seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。He is the very man that they are looking for.他正是他们在寻找的人。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事。3. 关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the same .as .；such .as .；so/as .as .She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。【注意】This is such a beautiful park that everyone wants to visit it.这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观。This is such a beautiful park as everyone wants to visit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个人都想去参观的公园。句由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分，故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句。句从句中动词visit缺少宾语，故应用关系代词as引导定语从句。（2）the same .as与the same .that的区别： This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔。经典解析 1.（2020.山东新高考.语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38.formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。2. （2019.全国卷.语法填空）They were well trained by their masters_had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词their masters,在定语从句中做主语，所以用关系代词who。3.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空） Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。4. (2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【参考答案】that/which【答案解析】that或which 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。5. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【参考答案】that/which 【答案解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。6. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.【参考答案】 theythat/which 【答案解析】考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。7.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查定语从句。先行词是 the little problems, 在从句中作 meet的宾语，故选关系代词that。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。8.Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. what C. where D. when 【参考答案】A【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，_sailors have to face 是定语从句，修饰先行词the many dangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。 因此A选项正确。句意为 在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。