2023届高中老教材外研版英语一轮复习课时训练-必修四module1lifeinthefuture.docx

基础巩固篇一、默写版块.重点单词请快速写出下列单词对应的汉语意思1brick n. 砖 2concrete n. 混凝土 3solar adj. 太阳的 4urban adj. 都市的；城市的 5landfill n. 垃圾填埋地 6online adv. 联机地 7catalogue n. 目录 8recreation n. 娱乐；消遣 9bowling n. 保龄球游戏 10softball n. 垒球(运动) 11flick n. 轻打；轻弹 12surgery n. 外科手术 13telesurgery n. 远距离手术 14outpatient n. 门诊病人 15clinic n. 诊所 16spaceport n. 宇航基地 请快速写出下列英语单词17alternative adj.供选择的；替换的18resource n(常作复数)资源19material n材料20arrest vt.逮捕；拘留21fire vt.开火；启动22limit n(常作复数)范围23outdoors adv.户外24command n& vt.命令；指令25charge n费用；价钱26power vt.供给动力27switch n开关vi.交换；调换28eventually adv.最后；终于；最终29colony n殖民地30shape vt.造成形状；塑造请快速写出下列英语单词及拓展单词31. mud n泥 muddy adj.多泥的；泥泞的32. crime n罪；罪行 criminal n罪犯；犯人adj.犯罪的33. risky adj.危险的；冒险的 risk vt.& n冒险34. rely vi.依赖；依靠 reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的35. load vt.装；装载 unload vt.卸载 upload vt.上传 download vt.下载36. disability n失去能力；伤残 disable vt.使人丧失能力；使残疾 disabled adj.有残疾的；伤残的37. attach vt.系；贴；连接 attachment n依恋，爱慕；附件38. optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的 optimism n乐观；乐观主义39. definitely adv.无疑地；确定地 definite adj.肯定的；确定的40. predict vt.预言；预料 prediction n预测.高频短语1for sure 肯定地2run out (某物)用完；不多了；没有了3rely on 依靠；信任4get rid of 除掉；处理掉5place an order/orders 订购；下订单6free of charge 免费7use up 用完8look out 小心；当心9for a start 首先10on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时.经典句型1Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。2Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.医生在几千英里以外为病人动手术的远程治疗将成为常事，因为每个城市都有自己的远程诊所。3I m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future!我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！4. Not all predictions come true.并不是所有的预言都会成为现实。二、运用版块.单句语法填空1It s difficult to make accurate predictions (predict) about its effects on the environment.2You may rely on it that Tom will come and help us if we are faced with a dilemma.3Young people may risk going (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.4With all the money used (use) up，the man had to make a living by begging.5The boss commanded that his workers (should) not leave (not leave) their office before dark.6It is advisable that you should attach a recent photo of you to your application form.7There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we eventually (eventual) gave up.8By the time you realise that you are addicted to the drug，it ll be too late for you to do (do) anything about it.9She is deaf，but refuses to let her disability (disable) prevent her from doing what she wants to do.10Most students object to being charged (charge) for parking on the campus.单句改错1To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to become rich and famous. becomebecoming2The petrol is running out of and we ve got to stop at the nearest filling station.去掉 of3Her son was charged for cheating by the police，which made it difficult for her to go to sleep.第一个 forwith4How to get rid for the difficulties is still a great problem to us.forof5Although English is becoming more and more important，not both the students are interested in English.bothall.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1她的钱已经用完了，而且她的耐心也快耗尽了。(run out)She has run out of her money and her patience is also running out.2无论你在哪里工作，你总是能找到时间学习。(让步状语从句)No matter where you work, you can always find time to study.3It is clear that the tree is too young to stand the storm.It is clear that the tree is not old enough to stand the storm.(old)It is clear that the tree is so young that it can t stand the storm.(young)4All of them think that it is a change for the better. Not all of them think/All of them don t think that it is a change for the better.(部分否定) None of them think that it is a change for the better.(全部否定)5你放心好了，他会偿还所有债务的。(rely on)You may rely on his paying off all the debts.You may rely on him to pay off all the debts.You may rely on it that he will pay off all the debts.能力提升篇.阅读理解Never play games with a bot (机器人)it will find a way to cheat if it can.A team from OpenAI，an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco co­founded by Elon Musk，has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide­and­seek.The bots also learned how to use basic tools and that disobeying the laws of physics can help to win.In April,2019，a team of bots known as the OpenAI Five beat the human world champions at the team­based video game Dota 2.The hide­and­seek bots use similar principles to learn but the simpler game allows for more inventive play.Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team­based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to generate skills that could one day be useful to humans.The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的)environment filled with fixed walls and movable boxes and left them to play team games of hide­and­seek millions of times.The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn t communicate with each other directly.At first，the hiders simply ran away.However，they soon worked out that they could find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view.For example，they learned that boxes could be used to block doorways and build simple hiding places.The seekers learned that they could move a ramp (斜坡) around and use it to climb over walls.The bots then discovered that being a team player was the quickest way to win.The hiders also learned to sabotage the other team，such as hiding the ramp before hiding themselves so that the other team can t make use of the ramp.“Once one team learns a new strategy，it creates this pressure for the other team to adapt，”says Baker.Such tricks show that AIs are able to find solutions that humans miss，says Baker.“Maybe they ll even be able to solve problems that humans don t yet know how to.” However，there s still a long way to go from online hide­and­seek to real problem­solving.语篇解读由埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)联合创办的旧金山人工智能实验室OpenAI的一个团队开发的人工智能机器人通过玩捉迷藏游戏学会了合作，还学会了如何使用基本的工具。1What is OpenAI?AIt s a video game.BIt s an AI system.CIt s a team of bots. DIt s a science lab.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A team from OpenAI，an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco co­founded by Elon Musk”可知，OpenAI是一个科学实验室。故选D项。答案：D2What did the AI bots do at hide­and­seek?AThey worked together to win.BThey created objects as their tools.CThey learned the concept of physics.DThey communicated with each other directly.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A team from OpenAI.has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide­and­seek.”和第四段中的“The bots then discovered that being a team player was the quickest way to win.”可知，这些机器人发现获胜的最快方法是协同作战。故选A项。答案：A3Which of the following can replace the underlined word “sabotage” in paragraph 5?ADefend. BDiscourage.CTake control of. DKeep up with.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的例子“such as hiding the ramp before hiding themselves so that the other team can t make use of the ramp”可知，hiders在隐藏自己之前把斜坡藏起来以便对手不能利用斜坡，这样做的目的是阻碍对手。由此可知，sabotage表示“阻止对方成功”，所以discourage“阻止”与sabotage词义相近。故选B项。答案：B4What may the author tell in the following paragraph?AAdvantages of AI bots over humans.BLessons from online hide­and­seek.CPossibilities of AI in real problem­solving.DLimitations of such AI technology s applications.解析：推理判断题。最后一段提到，这些机器人也许可以解决人类能力之外的问题，但是，从网络虚拟的捉迷藏游戏到把人工智能运用到实际的问题解决中，中间还有很长一段路要走。最后一句中的however和其后的内容暗示，接下来作者很可能会谈论这种技术要运用到现实中存在的困难或者该技术的局限性。故选D项。答案：D.阅读七选五We all agree that we should recycle more at home, in the office or when out and about.1 Consequently, they can be collected and taken to the right place for recycling.This is what the process of sorting allows us to do. 2 And the effective sorting needs to happen first in our own home, and second in sorting plants to which waste is collected.When you put a plastic bottle in the right recycling bag or bin, you are helping sort recyclable things so that the right material can be fed into the right recycling process.If sorting does not happen, a lot of recyclable materials can end up in landfills (废物填埋地)It will lead to valuable resources lost from our economy.3 For instance, in Brussels consumers put plastic packaging, cans and beverage cartons in blue bags designed for recyclable packaging; paper in yellow bags for recycling; and glass needs to be taken to specific collection bins.Somewhat differently, in Vienna (Austria), citizens can expect their paper, metal, glass and plastic to be separately collected in different weeks of the year. 4 Once recyclable materials are collected from your home, they are further sorted in specialised facilities which ensure the quality of the recycling process.5 Traditionally, sorting has been done either manually with workers sorting what can be recycled and picking out the materials to be discarded or mechanically.Today, however, new sorting technologies are being developed in order to speed up the process of sorting but to also cause better results.Exciting technologies using magnets (磁铁) or optical systems are being used to effectively sort materials so more of them can be recycled. AFor effective recycling we need effective sorting. BPackaging is the first step towards recycling.CThis is where different sorting techniques come into play.DSo citizens need to be aware of their local collection system.ECollection systems can be very different from country to country.FThe rest were landfilled or burned even though they could have been recycled or reused.GBut for materials to be recycled, they first need to find their way to the right waste bin. 答案：15GAEDC