高考英语-阅读理解之点式与网式细节理解题的突破策略备战高考英语微专题(全国通用).docx

阅读理解点式与网式细节理解题的突破策略【策略学习】点式细节理解点式细节理解题答案可以在原文中找到，考生一般可以通过读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，此类题属于低层次题。解答点式细节理解题，采取“先题后文，题干定位法”，即从问题中抓关键词（题眼），运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词或与关键信息相关的段落，仔细推敲，最后确定答案。策略1：3步全取直接细节题直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。【典例】（2020·全国卷阅读A）All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.21What would you do to get ticket information?ACall 13 16 17.BVisit .au.CAsk at the local station.DCheck the train schedule.【分析】·第一步找关键词：ticket information·第二步定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticket information，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”。·第三步比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。策略2：4种特征直取间接细节题间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。【典例】（2020·全国卷阅读D）Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers，spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，”Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”34Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?AThey could walk on stilts all day.BThey had a superb way of fishing.CThey could stay long underwater.DThey lived on both land and water.【分析】·第一步找关键词：astonished·第二步定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词 。·第三步比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。策略3：“加减乘除”破解数字计算题数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。【典例】（2018·全国卷阅读A）Visitor InformationHow_to_Get_to_HolkerBy Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6.Approximate travel times：Windermere20 minutes，Kendal25 minutes，Lancaster45 minutes，Manchester1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail：The nearest station is CarkinCartmel with trains to Carnforth，Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening_TimesSundayFriday （closed on Saturday ） 11：00 am4：00pm，30th March2nd November.Admission_ChargesHall & GardensGardensAdults：12.008.00Groups: 9.00 5.5022How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?A12.00. B 9.00. C8.00.D 5.50.【分析】·第一步找关键词：Hall & Gardens·第二步定位到原文：利用原文数据和题干数据关系确定答案，有Admission Charges及Groups：9.005.50的内容可直接得出答案。·第三步比对选项：团队参观霍克庄园和花园每人是9英镑。网式细节理解题网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时一定要不厌其烦，题目涉及的多处细节要一一找出，并对选项和原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。策略1：3步搞定正误判断题【典例】（2015·浙江卷阅读A）The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking? One girl，who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time，looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then，still looking at me，she said slowly and seriously，“Mr.Holt，do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously，“I mean every word of it.”During the spring she really astonished me.One day，she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself，“It cant be，”and went to take a closer look.Sure enough，she was reading Moby Dick，in the edition with woodcuts.I said，“Dont you find parts of it rather heavy going？” She answered，“Oh，sure，but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”44Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?AShe skipped over those easy parts while reading.BShe had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.CShe learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.DShe turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.【分析】·第一步分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。·第二步确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“I said，Dont you find parts of it.the next good part.”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。·第三步逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故A项错误，选C项。策略2：“耐心”敲定多细节理解题对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。【典例】（2020·全国卷阅读B）Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition（认知）after controlling for differences in parents income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.24In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?ABuilding confidence.BDeveloping spatial skills.CLearning selfcontrol.DGaining hightech knowledge.【分析】·第一步分析题干：根据题干定位到children benefit from puzzle play。·第二步一一比对信息源：由第二段中的“Psychologist Susan Levine.spatial skills.” 及第三段内容的信息源，不厌其烦，一一比对。·第三步综合概括：孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。【检测训练】1Future City CompetitionFuture City starts with a questionhow can we make the world a better place? To answer it, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade students imagine, research, design, and build cities of the future that showcase their solution to a citywide sustainability issue. Past topics include Urban Agriculture, Public spaces, and Green energy while the topic of this year is Living on the Moon. Teams will design a futuristic lunar city and provide examples of how the city uses Moon resources to keep its residents safe and healthy.Participants complete five deliverables: a 1,500-word city essay: a scale model; a project plan; a presentation video; and a virtual/online Q&A session with /judges. Regional winners represent their region at the international Finals. After completing Future City, student participants are not only prepared to be citizens of todays complex and technical world, but also ready to become the drivers of tomorrow.What you can learnThis flexible, cross-curricular（跨课程的） educational program gives students an opportunity to do the things that engineers do-identify problems: brainstorm ideas; design solutions; test, retest and build; and share their results. With this at its center, Future City is an engaging way to build students 21st century skills. Students participating in Future City also learn how their communities work and become better citizens and develop strong time management and project management skills.What you needFuture City costs just $25 per organizationand you can register I team or 100. The price always stays the same.We keep the price affordable so everyone can participate. Not only that, we limit the budget for materials for the City Model and City Presentation to $100 and encourage teams to use recycled materials. You dont need expensive equipment to excel. Creativity, hard work, and commitment are all you need to get ahead.Please note: Some regions limit the number of teams an organization can bring to the Regional Competition. Please check with your Regional Coordinator to find out the guidelines in your region.1. In Future City Competition 2021, students need to _.A. complete more than five taskesB. design a city with green energyC. address problems on the moonD. make use of lunar resources2. What lies at the core of Future City Competition?A. Designing cities.B. Identifying problems.C. Training better citizensD. Engineering design process3. If you want to succeed in the competition, you need _.A. to be creative and devoted.B. to use the recycled materials.C. to buy some expensive equipment.D. to ask more people to join in your team.【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“未来城市竞赛”这一活动的相关内容和参加这一项目需要注意的事项。1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Teams will design a futuristic lunar city and provide examples of how the city uses Moon resources to keep its residents safe and healthy.（团队将设计一个未来的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用月球资源，以保持其居民的安全和健康的例子。）”可知，在2021年未来城市竞赛中，学生需要利用到月球资源。故选D项。2. 细节理解题。根据What you can learn部分的“This flexible, cross-curricular（跨课程的） educational program gives students an opportunity to do the things that engineers do-identify problems: brainstorm ideas; design solutions; test, retest and build; and share their results. With this at its center, Future City is an engaging way to build students 21st century skills.（这种灵活的、跨课程的教育计划让学生有机会做工程师所做的事情发现问题：头脑风暴；设计解决方案；测试、再测试和构建；并分享他们的成果。以这为中心，未来城市是培养学生21世纪技能的一种引人入胜的方式。）”可知，未来城市竞赛的核心是工程设计过程。故选D项。3. 细节理解题。根据What you need部分的第二段“Creativity, hard work, and commitment are all you need to get ahead.（创造力、努力工作和承诺是你获得成功所需要的一切。）”可知，如果想要在竞赛中获得成功，就需要富有创造力并且努力投入工作。故选A项。2Is there a strange something high up in the worlds tallest mountains? If so, is it a big bear? Is it a monkey? Or is it a kind of man? No one knows. This mystery has puzzled the world for years.In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow. They looked like the footsteps of a very large man. But men dont walk without shoes in the snow!In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps. He saw a very large animal standing on two legs. As he watched, it ran away very quickly. Fifteen years later, a newspaper had new stories about the “something”. A mountain climber said he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow. He said it looked like a very large man.From then on, more and more people had stories to tell. But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back the pictures of large footsteps. The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a bear or a monkey. Could it be an apeman （猿人）? And the mystery keeps growing. Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.4. The passage is about _.A. some mountain climbersB. some strange animalsC. the snowD. the mystery of the large footsteps5. Why were people interested in footsteps?A. Because they were the footsteps of a large bear.B. Because they looked like the footsteps of a large man.C. Because they were found in the snow.D. Because they were found in the mountains.6. Why did the mystery grow when a mountain climber brought back pictures of large footsteps?A. They were the footsteps of an apeman.B. They were the footsteps of a snowman.C. The pictures showed clearly how the snowman walked.D. People still dont know who made the footsteps.7. Which is the best title?A. SnowB. The large footstepsC. A big bearD. Monkey【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow.”（1887年，一位登山者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps”（1906年，另一名登山者看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.”（有一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。故选D。5. 细节理解题。根据第三段“A mountain climber said he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow. He said it looked like a very large man.”（一位登山者说，他看到“雪人”在雪地里慢慢地走。 他说它看起来像一个非常高大的人）可知人们会对脚印感兴趣是因为它们看起来像一个巨大的人的脚印。故选B。6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back the pictures of large footsteps. The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a bear or a monkey. Could it be an apeman （猿人）? And the mystery keeps growing.”（但直到1951年，一位登山者才带回了大脚印的照片。 图片清楚地显示了雪人用两条腿走路。 所以不是熊或猴子。 会是猿人吗? 谜团还在继续）可推知当一名登山者带回巨大脚印的照片时，这个谜团变得更加神秘是因为人们仍然不知道是谁留下了这些脚印。故选D。7. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow.”（1887年，一位登山者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps”（1906年，另一名登山者看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.”（有一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。这篇文章最好的题目是“巨大的脚印”。故选B。3Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn't long for a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East-the ancient custom of “tonic （滋补品） food”.Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one's well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil （芝麻油） hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as being "hot", while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radish, are seen as being "cold". One should be careful not to eat too much of either "hot" or "cold" food. However, how much "hot" or "cold" food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared, what it is prepared with, and the individual's health.The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberry （枸杞子）, can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a tonic addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up.So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of pig's brain soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic food you were looking for.8. What is the present situation of tonic food?A. It is catching less attention.B. It is well known worldwide.C. It is becoming increasingly popular.D. It is enjoyed by many young people.9. What is believed to benefit new mothers?A. Chinese cabbage.B. Fruit tea.C. Sesame oil hot pot.D. Pig's brain soup.10. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. The Charm of Chinese Cuisine.B. The Popularity of Tonic Food.C. An Introduction to Chinese Tonic Food.D. Differences Between Hot Food and Cold Food.【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章从定义、好处、作用和影响等方面介绍了中国食补。8. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East-the ancient custom of “tonic （滋补品） food”.（但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念古老的“食补”习俗，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻，而在东方也越来越被年轻人忽视）”可知，滋补品的现状是正在很少被关注。故选A。9. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil （芝麻油） hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that t