2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲05形容词和副词(一).docx

【命题趋势】1. 对与形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍会成为语法填空的重点之一。2. 形容词、副词的题目侧重考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词、副词的能力。3. 从高考来看，主要考查：形容词和副词的比较等级；形容词和副词之间的转换；名词转换为形 容词等。【名师指导】形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。1. 形容词可作定语、表语、补语。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形 容词。2. 副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。因此当设空处作状语时，首 先考虑要填副词。3. 做语篇型语法填空时，考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。短文改错中，本该用形容词时却用了副词或其他词性，或本该用副词却用了形容词，要根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外平时复习时还要注意一些常见的形容词、副词辨析。形容词、副词的比较等级一、平级比较1. as形容词(a/an)名词as表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2. as形容词/副词的原级as与not as/so形容词/副词的原级as表示同级比较，即两个或两 部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。【特别提醒】as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如：The building is as tall as 100 meters. = The building is 100 meters tall. 这栋楼有100米。Believe it or not，swimming is _ as any to lose unwanted weight.A. a way as good B.as a good wayC. as a way good D.as good a way【答案】 D【解析】 考查固定短语。as.as表示和一样，固定表达方式有asadj./adv.asasadj.a/ann.as等。Its getting dark, but Mr. Chen is still at his office. No surprise. Who else can work as _(hard) as him?【答案】hard【解析】句意：天黑了，但是陈先生还在办公室。不奇怪，还有谁像他一样那么努力工作呢？此处用Who else can work as hard as him表示Mr. Chen工作最卖力。二、比较级1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。He is much taller than Yao Ming. 他比姚明高多了。The book is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。2. 比较级的常见结构：（1）“比较级+than”结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。She doesnt work harder than you. 她工作不如你努力。（2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 more “比多”，后接复数名词或不可数名词 I have more news books than my cousin.He has more milk than I . less “比少”，后接不可数名词 He has less water than me. fewer“比少”，后接复数名词 They have fewer flowers than we . 3. 比较级的特殊结构 （1）The more,the more表示“越,就越”(more代表比较级)The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 The happier you are, the more friends you will make. 你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。 2.“比较级+比较级”和“more and more+多音节词原级”表示“越来越” Our school is cleaner and cleaner. 我们的校园越来越干净。 Our city becames more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 3.the比较级of the two 名词表示两者中较的那个。The taller of the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4. “no +比较级+than”结构表示“和一样不” “not +比较级+than”结构意为“不及”，表示前者不如后者You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮。My handwriting is not better than yours. 我的书法没有你的好。（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are_68_ (high) than they actually are.【答案】higher【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)_ than it was in the 20th.【答案】lower【解析】根据declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。As 65（a） result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.【答案】worse【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。 How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016? I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected.A. even much interestingB. far more interestingC. so far interestingD. far from interesting【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。根据后面的“than I expected”可知，此处运用比较级more interesting，而far可以修饰比较级。故选B。My brother is much _ at tennis than me. He has won every match between us.A. worseB. worstC. betterD. best【答案】C【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：我哥哥比我更擅长网球。他赢了我们之间的所有比赛。根据than可知此处应用比较级，排除BD两项；结合句意可知应用good的比较级better，故选C。三、最高级1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。2. 最高级意义的表达法the +最高级+比较范围This apple is the biggest of the five. nevera(n)+比较级+可数名词单数I have never read a better book than this. 比较级thanany other单数名词 比较级thanall the other复数名词 比较级thananyone else 比较级thanany of the other复数名词 比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in her class.否定词比较级最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? 你对他在会议上说的满意吗？ No. It couldnt have been worse. 不，不能再差了。经典解析 The weather isnt good enough for an outing, is it? Too much dust. We cant have at this time of the year.A. a worst dayB. a worse dayC. a nicer dayD. a best day【答案】B【解析】句意:"天气不适合远足,是吗?""是的,灰尘太多。这是我们一年中这个时候经历的最糟糕的一天。"否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义。 She really impressed me a lot for I had never heard voice than hers.A. the more beautifulB. a most beautifulC. a much beautifulD. a more beautiful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:她的确让我印象深刻,因为我从来没有听过比她的声音更优美的声音。"否定词+比较级"相当于最高级的含义。【巧学妙记】形容词和副词比较等级用法口诀1. 比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。 2. 同级比较：同级比较用原形，as. as永不离；as. as加not，只言两者是同一，若是not so. as，后强前弱不看齐。【妙语诠释】 比较级通常和than连用，而最高级前通常有定冠词the；同级比较一般用as. as表示与一样，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not so. as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为不如。