2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲04介词(短语)和动词短语(习题)(二)(解析版).docx

. 单项填空1. You have to stop eating meals if you want to lose weight. A.amongB.withinC.betweenD.from【答案】C【解析】考查介词。句意：如果想要减肥，你必须避免在两餐之间吃东西。由句意可知此处用between表示“二者之间”。2When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old. A.amongB.againstC.behindD.below【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：当你开车穿行于加利福尼亚州的红木森林时，你就会被有一千多年树龄的树木包围着。这里用介词among表示"在中"，与前面的through the Redwood Forests呼应。 3As we all know, stories of love and adventure were popular the Middle Ages. A.viaB.throughoutC.toD.under【答案】B【解析】考查介词。via通过；throughout贯穿，遍及；to向；under在下面。句意：众所周知，爱和冒险的故事在整个中世纪都是很普遍的。故选B。 4The five artists are remembered by people their contributions that laid solid foundations for the Chinese art today. A.on account ofB.with regard to C.in terms ofD.in reference to【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这五位艺术家之所以能被人们记住是因为他们的贡献为现如今的中国艺术打下了坚实的基础。on account of "由于，因为"；with regard to "至于，关于"；in terms of"就而言"；in reference to "关于"。故选A。5Her eyes were filled with anger when she found the house was milk spilt all over the carpet. A.in ragsB.in chaos C.in shapeD.in danger【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语。句意：当她发现她的房子里一片狼藉的时候地毯上到处都是牛奶她的眼中充满了怒火。根据句意可知，in chaos"一片狼藉"符合语境。in rags"衣衫褴褛，穿得破旧"；in shape"状况良好"；in danger"处于危险中"。6Just remember that you cant visit the museum now. a small incident, the entrance is closed temporarily. A.Due toB.Instead of C.Regardless ofD.According to【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意：只要记住，你现在不能参观博物馆，因为一个小事故，入口临时关闭了。根据句意可知，due to "因为，由于 "符合语境。instead of "代替，而不是 "；regardless of "不管，不顾 "；according to "根据 "。7The divers have connected two underwater caves to reveal the biggest flooded cave on the planet, a discovery likely to help the ancient Maya civilization. A.cast light onB.get hold of C.catch sight ofD.lay stress on【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些潜水员把两个水下洞穴连起来，用来展现这个星球上最大的被洪水淹没的山洞，这是一个可能帮助人们了解古玛雅文明的发现。cast light on"使(问题等)较容易理解"；get hold of"抓住"；catch sight of"看见"；lay stress on"着重于，强调"。8Users are the supercomputer to scan the Earth for oil, create artificial nuclear fusion(核聚变) and build airplanes. A.taking charge ofB.taking advantage of C.keeping away fromD.looking out for【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:用户将可以利用这个超级电脑来扫描地球寻找石油,创造人工核聚变和制造飞机。take charge of"控制,掌管"take advantage of"利用"keep away from"不接近,远离" look out for"小心"。故选B。9The problem with people who are overqualified for the job is that they often dont stay in it for long. A.taking overB.taking out C.taking onD.taking to【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。句意:雇用资历过高的人做这个工作的问题在于他们往往不会在这个岗位上工作太长时间。根据句意可知,take on "雇用"符合语境。take over "接管" take out "拿出,扣除" ;take to"开始喜欢,对产生好感"。10Copying this documents the whole morning. A.took downB.took in C.took outD.took up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：复制这些文件占用了整个上午。A. took down记下；B. took in欺骗；C. took out拿出；D. took up占据（时间/地方）。根据语境，故选D。11Julia failed to her mid-term exam. What a pity! No wonder she is in low spirits. A.get overB.get through C.get acrossD.get round【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。句意：Julia未能通过期中考试。真可惜！难怪她情绪低落。get over表示“克服”；get through表示“通过”；get across表示“使被理解”；get round表示“传开”。12Despite the importance of the Asian market, the company does little to change design to Asian tastes. A.cater toB.take to C.admit toD.submit to【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。句意：尽管亚洲市场很重要,这个公司却很少会为迎合亚洲顾客的喜好而更改其设计。根据句意可知,cater to"满足需要,迎合"符合语境。take to"开始从事,喜欢上"admit to"承认,坦白"submit to"屈从于,投降,提交"。13The accident on the 66th Road yesterday is assumed to have been caused by a driver who was trying to . A.cut inB.flood in C.break inD.give in【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。句意:昨天发生在66号公路上的事故被认为是一位当时想要超车抢道的司机造成的。根据句意可知,cut in"超车抢道"符合语境。flood in"大量涌到,涌入"break in"破门而入"give in"屈服,投降"。14Thanks to his strong constitution, Jack was able to his recent serious illness.A. run throughB. cut throughC. pull throughD. put through【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。句意:多亏了他强健的体质,杰克才得以从最近这场重病中康复。pull through"(大病、手术等后)康复,痊愈",符合语境。 run through"浏览,跑着穿过"cut through"穿透,抄近路穿过"put through"接通,完成"。15The most impressive and pleasant memory in my childhood was that all my family members in the tent when we went hiking.A. turned upB. put upC. woke upD. set up【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我童年时期里最令人难忘和最愉快的回忆是当我们去远足时,所有的家庭成员都在帐篷里过夜(的情景)。turn up"出现"put up"在某地投宿,过夜"wake up"睡醒"set up"建立,设立"。. 单句改错1. I lent to her some money in order that she could go for a holiday. _【答案】去掉to 【解析】句意：我借给她一些钱，以便她能去度假。动词lend后可接双宾语，所以to多余。2. Joe wasted a lot time before he got down to work. _【答案】在time 前加of 【解析】句意：乔在开始工作前浪费了不少时间。a lot of为固定用法，意为许多，后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。注意：a lot为副词短语，表程度。3. The biggest problem was in that almost all communication systems were destroyed. _【答案】去掉in 【解析】句意：最大的难题是，几乎所有的通讯系统都被破坏了。根据语境及句子结构可知，句中用that引导表语从句。4. Only a few months ago, this area suffered by the worst drought in a century. _【答案】by from 【解析】句意：仅在几个月前，这个地区遭受了一次本世纪以来最为严重的旱灾。suffer from为固定用法，意为忍受，遭受。5. It was very kind for them to invite me to visit their country. _【答案】for of 【解析】句意：他们很好，邀请我访问他们的国家。 Its kind of sb to do sth为固定句型。注意：在It is/was + adj. +of/for sb to do句型中，当形容词为easy，hard，difficult，possible，important，necessary等时用介词for，而当形容词为描述人的品德及特征的kind，polite，nice，wise，clever，silly，foolish等时用介词of。6. Appreciate and honor what you have instead focusing on what you do not. _【答案】在instead后加of 【解析】句意：感激并且尊重你所拥有的，而不是将注意力放在你没有的东西上。instead of 为复合介词，意为而不是。7. The boy wanted to join in the army but was turned down because he was under age. _【答案】去掉 in 【解析】句意：这个男孩想参军，但因为年纪小被拒绝了。join表示参加，加入(某个组织)时， 后面不加介词in；表示参加(某项活动)时，才加 in。8. I just couldnt laugh to his jokes the way I used to. _【答案】第一个to at 【解析】句意：我就是不能像以前那样因他讲的笑话而发笑。laugh at为固定搭配，意为嘲笑，因而发笑。. 语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。One of the purposes of children's slang(俚语) 1(be) to stop adults from being able to understand what theyre saying. Obviously, the strategy works. Recent research shows that 2majority of adults cant translate the meaning of common slang.In a survey of 4,5000 people last month, 3was found that 85 percent of adults didnt understand the translations of emoji(表情符号)and text. The researchers warned that a lack of 4(aware) of what children are communicating online can leave them unprotected, with phrases that express eating disorders and unhappiness not5(understand).For young people growing up with technology, this new language comes 6(natural), but its leaving some adults unsure about 7is being said by their children online. Its important for adults to speak to young people about how they use social media and chat online.Caroline Bunting, general manager at Internet matters, said “While it is unrealistic to expect parents8(know) every piece of Internet slang their children will ever see, online safety starts 9a conversation. Its vital for parents to talk to their kids about their digital worlds, including all 10(sort) of things they might experience online and the types of problems to be aware of.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现大多数的成年人不明白儿童俚语表达的意义。1is【解析】考查主谓一致。主语是One，be动词用单数，而且讲述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时。2the/a【解析】考查冠词。the/a majority of是固定搭配，表示“大多数的”。3it【解析】考查代词。It is found that是固定句型，表示“据发现”。4awareness【解析】考查名词。由句子结构可知此处需要用名词作a lack of的宾语。5understood【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，phrases与understand之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。6naturally【解析】考查副词。修饰动词comes用副词。7what【解析】考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。8to know【解析】考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do表示“希望某人做某事”。9with【解析】考查介词。start with表示“从开始”。10sorts【解析】考查名词。all sorts of表示“各种各样的”。