2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲07非谓语动词(二).docx

非谓语动词作定语高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：不定式作定语；-ing分词作定语；-ed分词作定语。1不定式作定语 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中， 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作 之前。 She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词. Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.) 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式 多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。 I have a lot of things to do today. ( I . do . things) Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you. say . anything) Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li. 在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较：There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.) There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)2-ing分词作定语 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的 单个-ing分词也常后置。 a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate. -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则， 要用从句作定语。 Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 比较：【误】He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 【正】He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 3-ed分词作定语 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。 a developed/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers. The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 经典解析 Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，_ with his students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，且“时光”是被度过，而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”，故选 D。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得跟学生们一起度过的快乐时光。