2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲解密15阅读理解之词义猜测题(习题)(六)(解析版).docx

8. Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）. "I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it," Bolt said. Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman Asafa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests. "We just （have to） continue to run fast," Bolt said. "In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts. "Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9. 58 seconds in the 100 and 19. 19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble. "I want to be a legend in the sport. For me it's all a focus on winning championships after championships," Bolt said. "I don't consider myself a legend. When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend. "Bolt's defending of World and Olympic gold should be the feature attraction of the 2011 IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics. 1. Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football?A. Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics. B. Because he wants to show his fast feats. C. Because he is doubted by some people. D. Because he runs fastest in the world. 2. How many times did Usain Bolt break the world records?A. three times. B. four times. C. five times. D. eight times. 3. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts. B. Usain Bolt is doubted for his athletics. C. Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month. D. Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport. 4. The passage can be read _. A. on TVB. on the InternetC. in a bookD. in a newspaper. 【文章大意】本文是新闻报道。本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑。1.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. （本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划）可推知，因为人们对田径运动中兴奋剂的疑虑，他想平息这种疑虑，证明没有兴奋剂也可以，所以选择继续跑步，没有踢美式足球的计划。故选A。2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段中的Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9. 58 seconds in the 100 and 19. 19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble. （在去年的北京奥运会上，博尔特获得了100米、200米和4x100接力的金牌，打破了世界纪录，上个月在柏林，他以100米9. 58秒和200米19. 19秒的成绩打破了世界纪录，并帮助他在接力赛上夺取了世界锦标赛的三冠王）可知，博尔特在北京奥运会上打破了3次世界纪录，在柏林打破了2次世界纪录，总共打破过5次世界纪录。故选C。3.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）. （博尔特出现在ESPN的节目中，并在电视体育网络的演播室外参加轻松愉快的比赛，他说，在过去的兴奋剂丑闻之后，他觉得自己必须向持怀疑态度的体育界证明自己）及后文博尔特所说的话可知，文章主要介绍了尤塞恩·博尔特的田径运动受到了人们的质疑。故选B。4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. （本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划）可推知，本篇文章极可能来自报纸。故选D。9. If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And its worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said Sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they werent found guilty.Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasnt stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.1. What does the new study show?A. People wearing glasses are smarter.B. People wearing glasses are healthier.C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.2. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Shift.B. Link.C. Proof.D. Consequence.3. Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?A. Because it can create a moral image.B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.C. Because it can highlight clients qualities.D. Because it can prove the clients innocence.4. What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. MixedD. Indifferent.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故D项正确。2.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故B项正确。3.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，由此可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故A项正确。4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，由此可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故C项正确。 10. Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key partdrivers.DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The “winner,” if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.“You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things,” says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. “Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly. Its very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines.”The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately. Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when theres a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.1. Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because_.A. they did not have any human guidanceB. the road was not familiar to the driversC. the distance was too long for the vehiclesD. the prize money was unattractive to the drivers2. DARPA organized the race in order to_.A. raise money for producing more robotic vehiclesB. push the development of vehicle industryC. train more people to drive in the desertD. improve the vehicles for future wars3. From the passage we know “robotic vehicles” are a kind of machines that _.A. can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing canB. can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limitC. can show off their ability to turn themselves upside downD. can move from place to place without being driven by human beings4. In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go_.A. for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficultiesB. for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the tableC. for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solveD. for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，介绍这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。1.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key partdrivers.“车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。”可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。故选A。2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields.“美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。”可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。3.D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance.”“ 但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。”可以推断出“robotic vehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。4.C 【解析】推理判断题。a long way to go远远不能。根据最后一段“she is more advanced.than any machine.”可知机器远不如人的智力。其他没有提到。故选C。