2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲解密解密19完形填空之夹叙夹议文(讲义).docx

【考纲要求】 夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。【命题规律】一、先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的 真理。二、作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个 事例从不同的侧面来说明。三、提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表：1事例观点先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2观点事例先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。3观点事例观点提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。【应试策略】一、关注首句，领会大意通过首句可以明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔，通过尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。例：From my second grade on，there was one event I feared every year：the piano recital(独奏会)和尾句的With his first recital，my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30­plus years ago.表明了文章的主旨：作者本来很反感弹钢琴，但是父亲的行为感动了自己。作者认为他的实际行动比30多年以前说的话更有感染力。二、注重语境，理清行文逻辑夹叙夹议文以叙述为主，绝大部分篇幅是在描述事件，而作者的观点及态度往往隐含在叙述中，这就要求考生增强语篇意识，抓住文章的叙事线索，弄清文章的内在逻辑关系，根据上下文内容做出选择，并适当进行逻辑推理是解题的关键。三、找准标志词，弄清故事发展模式夹叙夹议文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。考生应注意观察文章的结构特点，根据表达这些手段的衔接词来正确理解故事情节。常见标志词有：(1)并列关系：and，not only.but also，that is to say等；(2)因果关系：because，for，so that，in order that，due to，thanks to，thus，therefore，so等；(3)对比关系：while，whereas，as，rather than，instead of等；(4)转折关系：although，though，even if，nevertheless，despite，but，yet，however，on the contrary等；(5)递进关系：also，then，besides，in addition，furthermore，whats more等；(6)顺序关系：first，then，on the one hand等；(7)转变话题：by the way，what I really mean.等。One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault­finder.However，life can be 36 when you are not busy finding fault with it.Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen­year­old Kerry，who described herself as a world­class fault­finder，almost always 38 by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her，and 39 was ever good enough.She was highly self­critical and also found fault with her friends.She became a really 40 person.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Kerry本来是一个事事挑剔、苛刻的女孩，但通过她最好的朋友遭遇了车祸这件事，她变得对一切不再那么刻薄了。这篇文章旨在告诉我们：不要用一种挑剔的眼光去看世界，要心胸开阔一些。当我们养成这种习惯的时候，就能重拾生活中的热情，而且心中会充满爱。36. A. lonelyB. great C. quietD. uneasy句意：世界上最简单的事情之一就是成为一个吹毛求疵的人。然而，当你不是忙着找茬时，生活可能是_。由however表示的转折关系可知，本空应选great，表示生活可能是美好的。lonely孤独的，寂寞的；great伟大的，极好的；quiet安静的，寂静的；uneasy不安的，不确定的。【答案】B37. A. receivedB. answered C. expectedD. rejected由固定搭配可知，收到来信动词用receive，故答案为A项。前文没有提到Kerry给作者写信，所以不能选answered(回复)。【答案】A38. A. threatenedB. interruptedC. botheredD. spoiled由后句的People were always doing things that annoyed her可知，她经常因为人们做的事而感到烦恼。threaten威胁，恐吓；interrupt打断，插嘴；bother打扰，烦恼；spoil娇惯，宠坏。故本空应选bothered。【答案】C39.A. anythingB. everything C. somethingD. nothing由前句People were always doing things that annoyed her可知，Kerry对一切都觉得不满意，没有什么是足够好的。故选nothing。【答案】D40.A.caringB. boring C. interestingD. surprising由前文可知，Kerry对一切都非常挑剔，她不但对自己苛刻，而且也找朋友的茬。由此可知Kerry是一个令人烦的人，故选boring。caring关心他人的；interesting有趣的；surprising令人惊奇的。【答案】BUnfortunately，it took a horrible accident to change her 41 .Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 42 to deal with was that the day before the 43 ，Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 44 of boyfriends，the way she was living，the way she related to her mother，and various other things she felt she needed to 45 .It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly (刻薄).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 48 as well.41.A. attitude B. planC. measureD. explanation根据后文中的It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault.Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly(刻薄).可知，在她最好的朋友经历了一次可怕的事故后，Kerry对事情的态度(attitude)发生了改变，故本空应选attitude。plan计划；measure措施；explanation解释。【答案】A42. A. urgentB. unnecessaryC. certainD. impossible既然这件事能让这么一个挑剔的姑娘改变对生活的态度，那么这件事一定不同寻常，也就是说她感到不可能发生，所以应选impossible。urgent急迫的，催促的；unnecessary不必要的，多余的；certain必然的，确定的。【答案】D43. A. occasionB. event C. accidentD. adventure根据前面提到的a horrible accident可知此处应选accident。【答案】C44.A. memoryB. noticeC. evidenceD. choice根据语境并结合四个选项的含义可知，此处指对男朋友的选择(choice)。memory记忆；notice通知；evidence证据。【答案】D46.A.aware ofB. afraid of C. curious aboutD. confused about根据后文中的Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life可知Kerry对待生活的态度变了，之所以会有这种变化是因为她意识到(became aware of)了自己挑剔的习惯，所以选择A项。(be)afraid of害怕，担心；(be)curious about对感到好奇；(be)confused about对感到困惑。【答案】A47. A. discussB. realizeC. judgeD. settle由rather than(而不是)可知，后面表达的意思应该与appreciate life(欣赏生活)表达的意思相反。discuss讨论，商讨；realize意识到，实现；judge评判，断定；settle解决，安排。结合四个选项的含义可知，应是如此刻薄地评判(judge)每一件事，故选C项。【答案】C48. A. familyB. lifeC. careerD. education由前文可知，Kerry对待生活其他方面的态度也发生了转变，故本空应选life(生活)。family家庭；career职业；education教育。【答案】BPerhaps most of us aren't as extreme at fault­finding， 49 when we're honest，we can be sharply 50 of the world. I'm not suggesting you 51 problems，or that you pretend things are 52 than they are，but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are 53 most of the time，and especially when it's not a really big 54 .Train yourself to bite your tongue，and with a little 55 ，you'll get really good at letting things go. And when you do，you'll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.49.A.soB.orC.butD.for根据下一段开头的Train yourself tobite your tongue可知，此处是说或许我们大多数人并不是如此爱挑剔，但是(but)，老实说，我们都有可能会对这个世界有尖锐的批评。由本空前后句意可知，前后两部分为转折关系，故应用but。【答案】C50.A.proudB.sureC.hopefulD.critical根据上题的分析可知，此处应选critical。be critical of 对爱挑毛病，对持批评态度。【答案】D51.A.faceB.createC.solveD.ignore根据后面的but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are可知，此处指作者并不是建议大家忽视(ignore)问题，故选D项。【答案】D55.A.practiceB.speechC.restD.pity此处是指训练自己忍住不说，稍加练习(practice)，就会让事情顺其自然。由句中的train可知，本空应选A。【答案】A【结论】不要做挑剔主义者Kerry对待事物态度的转变存在的即是合理的打开心胸，阳光就能进来。【解题技巧】1. 认真理解开篇首句，把握文章主题。首句一般在文章中起着启示的作用，可作为我们探索短文的窗口，由此判断文章的体裁，推测全文大意乃至主题。2. 善于抓住文章中心句、中心段，充分领会文章思想、把握文章脉络。3. 抓住线索，注意情节的变化，以求综观上下文，达到整体理解文意，从而避免片面性和断章取义。4. 不仅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，尤其要体味议论部分，因为该部分往往是文章的升华