2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲解密15阅读理解之词义猜测题(习题)(五)(解析版).docx

1. If American waterways had ever been voted on the yearbook，the Buffalo River could easily have been named Ugliest. It could be hard to find hope there. It took decades for public perception of the river to shift. But activist citizens，who collaborated with industry，government，and environment groups never gave up on their polluted riverthe Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for. And by now the cleanedup water is one of BuffaloS biggest attractions. By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer，and any fish caught there were not eatable. The waterways fate started shifting in the mid-1960s. Stanley Spisiak was a local PolishAmerican jeweler by day，but by evening he was the kind of guy whod chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federations“Water Conservationist of the Year”award. And before long he got a nickname:“Mr. Buffalo River. ”But there was only so much he could dothe river was still declared biologically dead in 1969. Jill Spisiak Jedlicka is his great-grandniece. She picks up where he left off by directing the rivers protector organization，Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper. Professor Schneekloth and seven friends founded the organization as an all-volunteer nonprofit in 1989，after organizing the first river cleanup that year. Today the group employs 27 full-time workers and has helped oversee the Buffalo Rivers $100 million restoration. So far，the Buffalo Rivers water quality has restored，but it is still an ongoing issue，as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well；fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well its gone. 1. What did the Buffalo River use to be?A. A waterway on the yearbook. B. A river heavily polluted. C. A great attraction of Buffalos. D. A place worth fighting for. 2. Why was Mr. Spisiak named“Mr. Buffalo River”?A. Because his fate shifted in the 1 960s. B. Because he spotted dumpers on the River. C. Because he spared no efforts to protect the river. D. Because the river was declared biologically dead. 3. How long did it take for the river to restore?A. More than half a century. B. Just four decades. C. About 30 years. D. Only 27 years. 4. What can be a suitable title for this text?A. The restoration of the Buffalo RiverB. Stanley Spisiak:The“Mr. Buffalo River”C. The future of the Buffalo RiverD. River protection:A long way to go【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是被污染的the Buffalo River的恢复。1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中never gave up on their polluted riverthe Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for. 第二段中By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer，and any fish caught there were not eatable. 可知，the Buffalo River过去是一条被严重污染的河。故选B。2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中Stanley Spisiak was a local PolishAmerican jeweler by day，but by evening he was the kind of guy whod chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federations“Water Conservationist of the Year”award. And before long he got a nickname:“Mr. Buffalo River. ”可知，Mr. Spisiak被称为“Mr. Buffalo River”是因为他不遗余力地保护这条河。故选C。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中It took decades for public perception of the river to shift. “公众对这条河的看法改变花了几十年的时间”第二段第一句By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. “到了20世纪60年代，这条河被认为是五大湖最严重的污染源之一。”和最后一段第一句So far，the Buffalo Rivers water quality has restored，“到目前为止，布法罗河的水质已经恢复”可知，这条河花了多半个世纪才恢复。故选A。4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段和第二段说明了the Buffalo River严重受污染的情况，第三、四段介绍了为改变污染状况所做的努力，最后一段So far，the Buffalo Rivers water quality has restored，but it is still an ongoing issue，as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well；fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well its gone. 是其现状。综上可知，本文讲述的是被污染的the Buffalo River的恢复。故答案为A。2. Demand for the Chinese tech companys devices(设备) is red hot even though the countrys overall market for smartphones is getting smaller Huawei's China sales rocketed more than 20% in the final quarter of 2018, and experts say that's partly due to the US govenment's global campaign against the company. “The latest tension between the US and China raised the patriotism(爱国主义) in Chinese consumers， said Jusy Hong, an analyst at research firm IHS MarkitHe pointed out that some Chinese companies encouraged employees to buy Huawei phones late last year. The moves were a gesture of support after the firm's chief financial officer was arrested in Canada in early December at the request of the United States. Huawei's booming sales show how major parts of its business continue to increase even as the United States tries to persuade other countries to shut Huawei products out of 5G wireless networks and pursues(追究) criminal charges against it. The company expects to overtake Samsung as the world's biggest smartphone maker by next year. Huawei sold 30 million phones in China in the last three months of 2018, nearly three times as many as Apple(AAPL), according to data published this week by research firms Canalys and IDC. Apple's sales plunged almost 20%. Huawei's success in China, the world's largest smartphone market, is more than about geopolitics(地缘政治). Chinese consumers love its flagship，high -end- phones because they have great cameras， cutting edge technology and cost less than the latest iPhones, according to analysts. And by offering a selection of cheaper phones, Huawei is able to target a bigger market. It also benefited from the troubles this year at ZTE (ZTCOF), a rival Chinese smartphone and telecommunications equipment maker. ZTE was banned by the US government from buying vital American parts for months last year. 27. Why did Huawei's China sales increase greatly according to the article?A. Because the company's devices are always popular worldwide. B. Because Chinese consumers' patriotism was arousedC. Because the government encourages people to buy Huawei devices. D. Because the country's overall market for smartphones is getting bigger. 28. What can we conclude from the third paragraph?A. Huaweis chief financial officer was arrested in Canada due to the US's request. B. All Chinese companies showed their support to Huawei with their purchase. C. Jusy Hong thought the United States arrested Huawei's chief financial officer. D. Jusy Hong thought the arrest of Huawei's chief financial officer is unfair. 29. How do you understand the underlined word in the fifth paragraph?A. increased greatly by. B. reduced greatly to. C. dropped greatly by. D. remained steady. 30. Why is Huawei's success in China more than about geopolitics?A. Because Huawei has the largest smartphone market in the world. B. Because Huawei's success is only limited within China mainland. C. Because Huawei has the ability to target a bigger market in the world. D. Because Chinese consumers are quite satisfied with Huawei smartphones. 【来源】2020届安徽省皖江名校联盟高三第一次联考试题（8月)英语【答案】27. B28. A29. C30. D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。分析介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。27. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段内容"The latest tension between the US and China raised the patriotism(爱国主义) in Chinese consumers," 可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起，华为在中国的销售量大增。故选B项。28. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容The moves were a gesture of support after the firm's chief financial officer was arrested in Canada in early December at the request of the United States. 可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。 故选A项。29. 词义猜测题。根据前文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌，故推测此处“plunged”意为销量下降。故选C项。30. 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容Chinese consumers love its flagship, high-end phones because they have great cameras, cutting edge technology and cost less than the latest iPhones, according to analysts. 可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。故选D项。3. Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch. We should have arrived at Liverpool at 9:19, but due to a typical London fog, the train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan, my wifes sister, decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadnt decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didnt find her. It was now one oclock, and the concert began at 2:30. “Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,” suggested my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by underground railway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it. Just as I was about to lose my temper completely when we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found Tower Hill tube station just fifty yards down the road. By now it was far too late even to try to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven long hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. Tired and hungry we finally reached home at ten, opening the door to the sound of the telephone bell. It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night. Now she was ringing to discover whether we had had an equally successful day. 31. Why was Joan separated from her sister and her brother-in-law?A. they could not see each other because of the fog. B. Joan had not seen Crown Jewels. C. They planned to do different things until lunch time. D. The writer didnt want to go to the concert. 32. What did the writer plan to do in the afternoon?A. Go to the concert. B. See the Crown Jewels. C. Return to Cambridge. D. Go shopping. 33. The reason why they didnt all meet for lunch was that _. A. They lost their way in the fogB. they forgot to make necessary arrangementC. they waited at different places and didnt meet each otherD. the couple couldnt find the underground station34. Its quite clear that for Joan the trip to London had been _. A. spilt by the fog B. quite tiringC. rather disappointing D. very enjoyable31. C32. A33. B34. D【文章大意】本文介绍了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。由于安排不当，导致当天的活动很是混乱。31. 根据第一段中Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch一句可知，他们分开的原因在于他们决定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐时相聚。故选项C正确。32. 根据第一段Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem一句，可知作者计划去听音乐会。故答案选A。33. 根据第一段中It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadnt decided where we should meet for lunch. 一句可知此前他们并没有做好安排。故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。答案B正确。34. 根据最后一段It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night的描述可知Joan玩得很尽兴。故答案D正确。7. Moving flight times from night to day could reduce air travel's contributions to global warming, a new study suggests. Scheduling more (laytime flights may reduce the influence of contrails the visible lines of white steam that many planes leave behind them in the sky. The role of contrails in climate change is still being studied, but some scientists believe they contribute to the greenhouse effect by trapping heat in the atmosphere. Nicola Stuber, first author of the study, suggests that contrails' overall impact on climate change is almost as big as that of aircraft? s carbon dioxide emissions (排放)over a hundred-year period. Aircraft are believed to be responsible for 2-3% of human carbon dioxide emissions. Like other high, thin clouds, contrails reflect sunlight back into space and cool the planet. However, they also trap energy in the atmosphere and increase the warming effect. Stuber and other scientists believe that the effect of the contrails is big. " On average, the green-house effect controls the effects of contrails,said Stuber, a meteorologist at England's University of Reading. "The warming effect is far greater for contrails left by night flights," Stuber added. "The cooling effect only happens (luring the day when the sun is up. During the night the greenhouse warming is no longer balanced and that is why the contribution of night-flight is so large. "Most commercial airline traffic occurs during daylight hours. For example, only one in four United Kingdom flights is a night flight, but those flights create some 60% of the warming created by contrails, the study reports. 1. How do contrails increase the greenhouse effect?A. They give off heat. B. They absorb daylight. C. They trap heat in the atmosphere. D. They reflect sunlight back into space. 2. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. carbon dioxide emissionsB. contrailsC. flightsD. thin clouds3. What did Stuber explain about the contrails in Paragraph 4?A. What their function is. B. How they cool the Earth. C. Why they create big warming at night. D. How big their effect is. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Airlines Should Schedule FlightsB. Night Flights Face a New ChallengeC. Airplane Contributes Most to Global WarmingD. More Day Flights May Reduce Global Warming【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是将飞机飞行时间从晚上改到白天，即安排更多的日间航班可能会减少航空旅行对全球变暖的影响，并阐述了其原因。1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段. they contribute to the greenhouse effect by trapping heat in the atmosphere. （它们通过吸收大气中的热量而加剧温室效应。）可知，飞机凝迹是通过它们在大气中吸收热量来增加温室效应的，故选C。2.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句介绍了飞机凝迹的两大作用：一是将阳光反射回太空、使地球降温，二是将能量困在大气层、加剧温室效应，再根据they所在的句子However, they also trap energy in the atmosphere and increase the warming effect. （然而，它们也会在大气中捕获能量，并增加温室效应。）可知they指代的是“飞机凝迹”，故选B。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。通读第四段内容可知，飞机凝迹受温室效应的控制，降温效果只发生在太阳升起的白天，夜间的温室效应不再平衡，这就是夜间飞行留下的尾迹变暖效应要大得多的原因，Stuber是通过解释为什么它们会在晚上产生很大热量的原因来解释飞机凝迹的，故选C. 4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的第一句Moving flight times from night to day could reduce air travel's contributions to global warming（将飞行时间从晚上改为白天可能会减少空中旅行对全球变暖的影响。）本文主要内容是：将飞机飞行时间从晚上改