2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲解密15阅读理解之词义猜测题(习题)(二)(解析版).docx

Passage 5 After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations major food sources (来源) for the wolf grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28. What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.29. What does the underlined word displaced in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.30. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the parks income.C. Preservation of vegetation.D. An increase in the variety of animals.31. What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。人类活动的影响使灰狼的数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而导致植被被大量破坏。28.D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章开门见山地提出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，然后在下文中详细介绍其原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文的中心话题是美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。29.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。30.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；造成了土狼数量的快速增长，它们猎杀了大量的赤狐，赶走了海狸，由此可推断出灰狼的消失导致了当地生态平衡被破坏。31.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末段的最后一句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，因此可推知作者对这一举措持肯定的态度。Passage 6 This month, Germanys transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel to check email, say the cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say driverless cars, people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know no driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A place where cars often break down.B. A case where passing a law is impossible.C. An area where no driving is permitted. D. A situation where drivers role is not clear.47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to _.A. stop people from breaking traffic rulesB. help promote fully automatic drivingC. protect drivers of all ages and racesD. prevent serious property damage48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.B. It should be the main concern of law makers.C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D. It should involve no human responsibility.49. Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in _.A. SingaporeB. the UKC. the USD. Germany50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughC. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。46.D 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第二段的句子the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future可知选D。47.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段内容The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles可知选B。48.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。49.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.可知选C。50.A 【解析】通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。Passage 7 Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world. This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothersa sound that served as their regular feed me! call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need? Kleindorfer asks. Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means_. A. be the worst B. be the bestC. be the as bad D. be just as good59. What are Kleindorfers findings based on? A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks. B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia. C. The data collected from Queenslands locals. D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.60. Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which _. A. can receive quality signals B. are in need of training C. fit the environment better D. make the loudest call【文章大意】文章介绍了鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领。实验发现鸟儿在孵化时不停地鸣叫是为了教会以后出生的雏鸟歌唱的本领，从而挑选出能够适应环境的雏鸟。58.B【解析】根据第二段when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers可知，鸟儿在孵化小鸟的时候，鸣叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被孵化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎教。59.A【解析】根据第三段the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查，排除B项；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D项。根据倒数第三段中的A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.可知，A项正确。60.C【解析】根据倒数第二段中的the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food和最后一段Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟。由此可知，胎教帮助母鸟辨别出那些适应环境较好的孩子。Passage 8Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provide. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, But Im just not creative.Do you dream at night when youre asleep?Oh, sure.So tell me one of your most interesting dreams. The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. Thats pretty creative. Who does that for you?Nobody. I do it.Really at night, when youre asleep?Sure.Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?25. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to _.A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingC. raise the students interest in artD. teach the students about toy design26. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.27. What does the underlined word downside in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.28. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways of thinking.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者五年前在西雅图教学生们美术时在教学中所发生的事情,以及培养学生们的想象力的方法。25. A【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的to find out something about my students可知,作者使用Tinkertoys是为了弄清楚有关学生们的一些事情。故选A项。26. D【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work可知,这个男孩儿非常具有创造性,故选D项。27. B【解析】考查词义猜测。根据下文的I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking可知,作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。故可知该词的意思为不足,缺点,所以选B项。28. A【解析】考查推理判断。根据第四段中的Without fail one would declare, But Im just not creative.及下文内容可推知,作者问学生们他们是否做梦了是为了让他们看到自己的创造力。故选A项。