2023届新教材新高考英语外研版一轮规范训练-必修第一册unit1　anewstart.docx

限时规范训练(1)限时40分钟基础落实维度1用所给词的正确形式填空1They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious) about scientific discoveries.2The university held a very impressive (impress) opening ceremony and all the students were very happy.3When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument (argue)4(2021·天津卷)All applicants (apply) must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. 5(2021·全国卷乙)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally­related and adventure travel, various (vary)types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.维度2在空白处填入一个适当的词1We are looking forward to holding a party to celebrate the New Year's Eve.2Mary couldn't have referred to the dictionary，because she didn't give me an accurate explanation of the word.3In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website.4We were discussing the problem in the classroom when there was a power failure.5I have been out of work for half a year, so I want to apply for a job in this company.维度3完成句子/句式转换/一句多译1我正要出门去你家辅导你的英语，这时我同学来了。(when)I was about to go/on the point of going to your home to help you with your English when my classmate came.2If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture. If accepted，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which can help them know more about Chinese culture.(省略句，合并升级为定语从句)3Everyone expressed their ideas, and their opinions were various.Everyone expressed their ideas, and their opinions varied from person to person.(vary from . to)4第一次见到这个小男孩时，他明亮的大眼睛就给我留下了深刻的印象。The little boy impressed me with his big, bright eyes the first time I saw him.I was impressed by the little boy's big, bright eyes the first time I saw him.The little boy's big, bright eyes left an impression on me the first time I saw him.What impressed me was the little boy's big, bright eyes the first time I saw him.5随着社会的快速发展，我们和朋友的聚会变少了。As the society develops quickly, we find less time to gather together with our friends.(as)With the society developing quickly, we find less time to gather together with our friends.(with)能力提升.阅读理解AA dance held last Saturday in Central High School's gym raised $2,348 to help rebuild the home of freshman Keisha Kandun and her family.Admission to “Rock the House” was $10; all money went to the Kandun Family Fund. Volunteers also walked around the dance floor with donation boxes to collect more money.The Kanduns are living with Keisha's grandparents until they can move into their new house. The whole family attended the dance, then they went on stage to thank the crowd. Rebuilding has already begun, and the family hopes to move back in time for the holidays.“We appreciate the help so much that I cannot even put it into words，” said Mary Kandun, Keisha's mother. “We have always loved the school, but we never expected this kind of generosity. You should all be proud of your school for showing so much kindness.”The Kanduns' four­bedroom home was empty on August 14 when it caught on fire after being struck by lightning. Sadly, the family did not have enough insurance to pay for the cost of rebuilding.Central High School Student Council organized the event with the help of advisor and English teacher Lois Conrad and principal David Cordero. The student council also plans to hold a bake sale and a car wash, sponsored by Speedy Clean Inc. to raise more money.The dance featured the music of the Harlequins. The four members of the band, seniors at Central, donated their time to perform.“It's cool to be able to play for your fellow classmates，” said Adam Flynn, who plays the guitar for the band. “We want to help out Keisha and her family, too.”“The band was awesome，” said senior Neil Lukowski, who went to the dance with several friends. “It was a fun night for a good cause.”【语篇解读】Central高中学生会组织舞会筹集资金，为高一新生Keisha一家重建住所，帮助她全家渡过难关。这一善举得到了乐队成员、老师、校长及舞会参与者的大力支持。1What do we know about the Kandun family?AThey set up the Kandun Family Fund.BThey hadn't expected such help from school.CThey couldn't pay for their insurance.DThey played the music of the Harlequins.解析：B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“but we never expected this kind of generosity”可知，Kandun一家没有想到会得到学校如此慷慨的帮助，故B项正确。2We can learn from the text that the dance .Araised more money than neededBfeatured parents' participationCgot support from teachers as wellDwas free of charge for the seniors解析：C细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Central High School Student Council organized the event with the help of advisor and English teacher Lois Conrad and principal David Cordero.”可知，舞会得到了老师的支持。故选C项。3Who organized the dance?AThe Kanduns.BThe student council.CSpeedy Clean Inc.DA school band.解析：B细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Central High School Student Council organized the event”可知，Central高中学生会组织了这次舞会。故选B项。4What can be the best title for the text?AA Fund­raising Dance Raises the HouseB“Rock the House” Counts a LotCA Successful Dance Requires DonationDSponsors Rebuild Home for a Freshman解析：A标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Central高中学生会组织舞会筹集资金，帮助高一新生一家重建住所的故事。故选A项。BSelf­driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic，reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies？People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, it's too late to avoid a crash. So the car's artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve (急转弯)To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic？What if such options would likely kill the car's passengers?Researchers used online surveys to study people's attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a dilemma(困境)Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costseven if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.“Autonomous cars can completely change transportation”，says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But，he adds，this new technology creates a moral dilemma that could slow its acceptance.Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot. Bonnefon's group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However，regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.“Compromises might be possible，”Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they “won't speed，won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society.”【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了在遇到紧急情况时，对于无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题。道德的难题可能会限制无人驾驶汽车的吸引力。5The underlined word “challenge” in Paragraph 2 refers to .Apeople's negative attitudes towards self­driving carsBhow self­driving cars reduce traffic accidentsCthe technical problems that self­driving cars haveDhow self­driving cars handle emergencies解析：D词义猜测题。由第一段中的“But how should driverless cars handle emergencies？People disagree on the answer.”及画线词后的“imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road”可推知，challenge指的是无人驾驶汽车如何处理紧急事件。故选D项。6According to the text，online surveys show that .Aself­driving cars' artificial intelligence needs improvementBthe busy traffic may be a problem for self­driving carsCpeople are in a moral dilemma about driverless carsDself­driving cars should be designed to protect drivers解析：C推理判断题。由第三段的内容，尤其是第二、三句可知，调查参与者中大多数同意无人驾驶汽车的设计应该保护大多数人。而同样是这些被调查者，他们也希望乘坐不惜一切代价保护乘客的汽车。由此可知，网上调查表明人们关心在遇到紧急情况时，无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题，并在这个问题上陷入了道德困境。故选C项。7What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?ARegulations are in favour of drivers.BMost people dislike self­driving cars now.CSelf­driving car makers are in a difficult situation.DThe potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.解析：C推理判断题。由第五段中的“Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot，Bonnefon's group warns.”可知，无人驾驶汽车的制造者处于艰难的处境。故选C项。8What is Kurt Gray's attitude toward serf­driving cars?AFavorable.BDoubtful.CCritical. DDisapproving.解析：A观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的“Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they won't speed，won't drive drunk and won't text while driving，which would be a win for society.”可知，Kurt Gray指出，无人驾驶汽车在极少数情况下可能会对行人造成危险。但它们不会超速，不会酒后驾车，也不会边开车边发短信。由此可推断，Kurt Gray对无人驾驶汽车的态度是支持和赞成的。故选A项。.七选五 Sleep has become a big deal in working life. Thanks to high­profile figures including Arianna Huffington，sleeping is no longer seen as a sign of weakness among competitive colleagues. 1 A US study has found that in areas where the sun sets earlier，people sleep longerand this translates into higher earnings. In the long term，just one extra hour of sleep a week increases wages by 4.9%. 2 But don't move housethe higher wages correspond almost exactly with higher house prices. Actually，if you want to sleep more，there are better ways to do it than moving housejust buy better curtains. 3 Each extra hour of sleep should be taken away from working time. So how can sleeping earn you money？The answer is productivity. The biggest effects come through employees who work on commission. If you go to work well rested，you are livelier and happier，and can sell more to increase your earnings.Even small amounts of sleep deprivation (缺乏) can have large effects. Another study found that sleeping six hours a night for two weeks produced the same results in cognitive tests as being totally sleep­deprived for up to two days straight. 4 If you struggle to get eight hours of sleep a night，a siesta (午休) can have a “reset” effect，and your productivity improves afterward.Lack of sleep has already been shown to be worse for productivity than being overweight or underweight. So，why are you still reading this？ 5 AYou should go back to bed.BBut a mid­afternoon nap can help.CTherefore，you should get enough sleep.DThis goes against conventional economics.EResearch shows that more sleep can lead to us earning more money.FSo if you live in an area that gets darker earlier，you should be richer.GYou are supposed to get down to business as quickly as possible.【语篇解读】研究表明，更多的睡眠可以让我们的薪水更高，这是因为睡眠充足有利于提高工作效率。1E该空位于段首，是该段的总起句。空后一句提到“人们的睡眠时间更长，就会转换成更高的收入”。选项E意为“研究表明，更多的睡眠可以让我们赚更多的钱”。空后一句是选项E的观点的支持句。故选E项。2F空前一句提到“从长远来看，每周多睡一个小时，工资就会增加4.9%”。选项F意为“所以如果你住的地方天黑得早，你应该更富有”。选项F顺承上一句的话题。故选F项。3D此题的线索是代词指代。选项D意为“这与传统经济学相悖”。选项D中的This指代上一段提出的观点“更多的睡眠可以让我们赚更多的钱”。故选D项。4B此题的线索是同义复现。选项B意为“但是在下午三四点钟小睡一下会有帮助”。空后一句中的“a siesta (午休) can have a reset effect，and your productivity improves afterward”与选项B语义相同，其中siesta和a mid­afternoon nap是同义词复现。故选B项。5A该段首句提出：缺少睡眠降低工作效率。由空处上一句“所以，你为什么还在读这个？”可知，选项A“你应该回去睡觉了”顺承上句的话题。故选A项。.语法填空 Chocolate is everywhere，but science is still sorting out this adored product. In 2018，Planta Medica published a review of previous research on chocolate's effect 1. mood.The authors found that few of the studies 2. (analyze) chemically the chocolate consumed by participants. That matters，said the authors，because chemicals present in chocolate vary widely based on how it 3. (process)，such as roasting temperature and time. Also，one specific chemical，interaction between multiple chemicals or something else may 4. (entire) affect health. Our brains naturally produce anandamide (大麻素)And it's also found in chocolate，5. leads to claims that the sweet stuff is the ultimate feel­good food. But，as the 2018 review noted，chocolate has only tiny 6. (amount) of anandamide，and it breaks down quickly.Chocoholics take heart，literally. A 2015 study linked 7. (high) chocolate consumption with a lower risk for heart disease. Speaking of chocoholics，an April review of research on one's food 8. (addict) found evidence that chocolate produced neurobiological changes similar to those 9. (see) with drug use. The studies were not conclusive，10. .So science still has to sort that one out too.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了巧克力对人的情绪有影响，并分析了产生这种影响的原因。1on考查介词。effect on为固定搭配，意为“对的影响”，故填on。2analyzed考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处所填是从句的谓语动词，且主句使用了一般过去时，从句的主语和谓语是主谓关系，故填analyzed。3is processed考查时态和语态。分析句子成分可知，it和process是动宾关系，故应用被动语态，且由从句中的vary可知，此处也应用一般现在时，故填is processed。4entirely考查副词。空处修饰动词affect，所以应用所给词的副词形式，故填entirely。5which考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，且先行词为物，故填which。6amounts考查名词的数。amount是一个可数名词，其前没有冠词修饰限定，应用名词的复数形式，故填amounts。7higher考查比较级。分析句子结构并结合后面出现的lower可知，空处也应用所给词的比较级形式，故填higher。8addiction考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，空处应用所给词的名词形式，且此处表示“食物成瘾”，应用名词的单数形式，故填addiction。9seen考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词形式，且逻辑主语与see是动宾关系，故填seen。10however考查连词。由文章内容可知，上下文之间是转折关系，故填however。