2023届新教材新高考英语外研版一轮规范训练-选择性必修第一册unit5　revealingnature.docx

限时规范训练(23)限时40分钟基础落实维度1用所给词的正确形式填空1The fire is reported to have spread (spread) quickly due to dry and windy conditions yesterday.2It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to blame (blame) for what had happened in the lab. 3Jane showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed to have prepared (prepare) for it pretty well.4When asked for comments, the spokesperson declined to say (say) anything about the matter.5(2020·新高考全国卷) In Samarkand, Mr. Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected (suspect) of drug dealing. 维度2在空白处填入一个适当的词1Honestly speaking，we all suspected the young man as a pickpocket.2Farmers usually spray pesticides to drive away insects to protect their crops.3You shouldn't put the blame on others. You should reflect on your own action.4At noon they got to a hill, on top of which stood a temple, dating back to hundreds of years ago. 5The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.维度3完成句子/句式升级/句式转换/一句多译1当被问及评论时，发言人拒绝对此事发表任何评论。(decline)When asked for comments, the spokesperson declined to say anything about the matter.2The fellow was suspected of killing his wife, so he was questioned by the police.Suspected of killing his wife, the fellow was questioned by the police.(过去分词短语作状语)3I suspect that he is the thief, as he can't explain the source of his money. I suspect him to be the thief, as he can't explain the source of his money.4据说前几天她写了一份关于保护野生动物的报告。It is said that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.She is said to have written a report about wildlife protection the other day.5调查完后，他们把事故归咎于他。After the investigation, they blamed him for the accident.(blame v)After the investigation, they put the blame on him for the accident.(blame n)After the investigation, he was to blame for the accident.(be to blame)能力提升.阅读理解AWalls blanketed in moss (苔藓) are popping up in major cities, along with promises that they can reduce air pollutionbut can a few square metres of plant matter really deal with the smog?A Berlin­based firm, Green City Solutions, believes so. Its moss walls, called CityTrees, are roughly four square metres in size. Armed with Wi­Fi sensors to monitor the health of moss, a CityTree functions autonomously and requires very little maintenance (维护). The wall collects rainwater, which is pumped through a built­in irrigation system to the plants, powered by solar energy. As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able to “eat” around 250 grams of particulate (颗粒的) matter a day (above 90 kgs a year) and removes about 240 metric tons of CO2 annually. It also cools the surrounding air.Being aware that getting the surrounding air in contact with the moss wall is crucial for the CityTree to be effective, the inventors ensure that the location of each installation is chosen carefullyspots where pollution is heavy due to traffic and where the air flow is limited are picked. The importance of this step is explained by the fact that the waste gas from a car generally goes vertically a few kilometres into the air.But this doesn't mean moss walls will necessarily protect people from pollution. In the Netherlands, researchers found that eight walls installed in Amsterdam failed to reduce the concentration of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Their report concluded that even doubling the number of moss walls would do little to improve their effectiveness.The CityTree is not meant to substitute for street trees, but to add greenery to spaces where planting is not an option. It's important to remember that street trees provide a whole host of other benefits, including shelter and habitat for urban wildlife, shade for people on the street, and reduction of the urban heat island effect.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了“城市树”的相关内容。1What do we know about the CityTree?AIt can absorb some air pollutants.BIt can irrigate other street plants.CIt produces electricity to cool water.DIt is aimed at saving water in cities.解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段第五句可知，每棵“城市树”每天能“吃掉”约250克的颗粒物(一年超过90千克)，每年可清除约240公吨的二氧化碳。由此可知，“城市树”能够吸收空气中的污染物。故选A项。2What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AThe importance of CityTrees.BThe function of CityTrees.CHow to operate CityTrees.DWhere to place CityTrees.解析：D段落大意题。根据第三段第一句可知，发明者意识到让周围的空气与苔藓“墙”接触对“城市树”发挥作用至关重要，因此他们确保每一个安装苔藓“墙”的位置都是经过精心选择的选择由于交通而污染严重和空气流动受限的地方。而该段第二句则是阐述这一措施的重要性。由此可知，本段主要讲的是在什么地方放置“城市树”，以便更有利于发挥其作用。故选D项。3Why is the example of Amsterdam mentioned in Paragraph 4?ATo show that CityTrees can't always work well.BTo prove that CityTrees can reduce air pollutants.CTo emphasize the necessity of building moss walls.DTo analyze the reasons for the failure of the program.解析：A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句与第二句的关系可知，第二句列举了Amsterdam使用苔藓“墙”没有达到理想的效果的例子，是为了证明第一句表述的观点，即苔藓“墙”并不一定能保护人们免受污染。故选A项。4What is the author's attitude towards replacing street trees with moss walls?AAmbiguous.BDisapproving.CSupportive. DCautious.解析：B观点态度题。根据第五段的内容可知，作者认为，“城市树”并不是为了取代街道上的树而设计的，街道上的树提供了许多其他的好处，包括为城市野生动物提供庇护所和栖息地、为街上的人们提供阴凉和减少城市热岛效应。由此可以推测出，作者对用苔藓“墙”来取代街道上的树木这一做法持不赞成的态度。故选B项。BOn a break from his studies in the MIT Media Lab, Anirudh Sharma traveled home to Mumbai, India. While he was there, he noticed that throughout the day his T­shirts were gradually gathering something that looked like dirt. “I realized this was air pollution, or sooty (沾满煤烟子的) particulate matter (PM), made of black particles released from exhausts (排气管) of vehicles，” Sharma says. “This is a major health issue.” Soot consists of tiny black particles, about 2.5 micrometers or smaller, made of carbon produced by incomplete burning of fossil fuels.Back at MIT, Sharma set out to help solve this air­pollution issue. After years of research and development, Sharma's start­up Graviky Labs has developed technology that attaches to exhaust systems of diesel generators (柴油发电机) to collect particulate matter. Scientists at Graviky then turn it into ink, called Air­Ink, for artists around the world. So far, the start­up has collected 1.6 billion micrograms of particulate matter. More than 200 gallons of Air­Ink have been harvested for a growing community of more than 1,000 artists, from Bangalore to Boston, Hong Kong, and London.Posted all over Graviky Labs's social media platform page today are photos of art made from the Air­Ink and paints, including street wall paintings, body art and clothing prints. At first, there was still no specific application for the ink. Then the start­up decided to find new ways to further spread its mission. It chose to do so through art. “Art helps us raise awareness about where the ink and paints come from. Air pollution knows no borders. Our ink sends a message that pollution is one of the resources in our world that's the hardest to collect and use. But it can be done，” Sharma says.【语篇解读】一次经历让Anirudh Sharma决心致力于空气污染治理。他发明了一种由污染物制作而成的Air­Ink，它主要用于艺术创作上，其目的在于提升大众的环境保护意识。5What struck Sharma most during his break in India?ADirt on his T­shirts.BA health issue in the local area.CThe coal industry in Mumbai.DIncomplete burning of fossil fuels.解析：A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“he noticed that throughout the day his T­shirts were gradually gathering something that looked like dirt”可知，在印度，Sharma注意到他的T恤上看起来像灰尘样的东西越来越多。故选A项。6According to the text, Air­Ink is .Aa cleaner of outdoor airBa product made of PMCa newly founded companyDa printing technology解析：B细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Sharma's start­up . to collect particulate matter. Scientists at Graviky then turn it into ink, called Air­Ink”可知，这是一种由PM制成的产品。故选B项。7What can we infer about Air­Ink from the text?AIt improves artistic effect.BIt makes pollution acceptable.CIt helps Sharma make a profit.DIt raises environmental awareness.解析：D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Art helps us raise awareness about where the ink and paints come from.Air pollution knows no borders”可推知，Air­Ink能使人们增强环保意识。故选D项。8What might be the best title for the text?AArt Knows No BordersBWaste Has No PriceCLess Pollution, More ArtDCreative Thinking, Effective Painting解析：C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是由污染物制成的Air­Ink的相关内容，而Air­Ink主要用于艺术创作上，故可推知，文章的最佳标题是C项。.七选五Tropical CyclonesHave you ever seen a TV weatherperson pointing to a large, white spiral of storm clouds spinning over the Earth on the video screen? If so, then you've gotten a small look at what the most powerful storm in the world looks like a tropical cyclone (热带气旋) 1 The warm air at the equator (赤道) rises into the atmosphere, cools off, and then sinks back down. As this cycle repeats itself over and over again, the storm begins to grow and the winds around the storm begin to move faster.Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in the world, it is called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone. If tropical cyclones move over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, they're called typhoons. 2 In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, they're called cyclones.The center of a tropical cyclone is called the “eye”. 3 Most of the strong winds do not reach the eye of the storm, so it is the calmest part. 4 A tropical cyclone that is rated a Category 1 is the weakest; it is still dangerous, but the winds are not as high. A Category 5 tropical cyclone is the strongest; this type of storm can cause catastrophic damage.Once these tropical cyclones come onto land, they no longer have the warm ocean water they need to grow larger and consequently become weaker.This doesn't stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away. 5 AThey still may produce strong rain and even tornadoes.BTropical cyclones are categorised based on their strength.CThey withdraw as quickly as they arrive and leave the land untouched.DThe rest of the storm moves in a circle around the eye at incredibly high speed.ETropical storms with wind speeds that reach 74 miles per hour are called hurricanes.FTropical cyclones start as tropical storms that form in warm ocean waters near the equator.GSuch storms moving over the northeastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean are termed hurricanes【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了热带气旋的形成、名称、级别等相关内容。1F根据空后内容可知，本段介绍热带气旋是如何形成的，且F项中的 “near the equator”与空后一句中的“The warm air at the equator (赤道)”呼应。故选F项。2G根据段首句可知，本段主要介绍产生于不同地区的热带气旋有不同的名称，又结合空前一句中的“they're called typhoons”和空后一句中的 “they're called cyclones”可知，空处应是介绍在什么地区产生的热带气旋称作飓风。故选G项。3D根据语境可知，D项中的“around the eye”与空前一句“The center of a tropical cyclone is called the eye”呼应，此处应是介绍风眼周围的状况。故选D项。4B本空是段首句。根据本段的关键词“Category”可推知，本段主要介绍热带气旋的级别，故B项符合题意。5A 根据空前一句“This doesn't stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away.”可知，已经减弱的热带气旋仍然会有很大的破坏性，空处应是进一步介绍热带气旋带来的影响，A项(它们仍然可能产生强降雨甚至龙卷风)符合语境。.语法填空Hidden beneath the ocean waters and often 1. (call) the “rainforests of the sea”， coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, with perhaps one quarter of all ocean species relying on reefs for 2. (survive). Being home to countless sea 3. (creature), coral reefs are important ecosystems for coastal people, too. It is estimated 4. coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to the world economy annually, 5. (provide) food, protection of shorelines, and jobs.Unfortunately, coral species are being 6. (severe) threatened, many of which 7. (destroy) by pollution, overfishing practices, and other impacts over the past centuries. Climate change, which results in the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification， 8. (be) the most pressing threat to coral reefs now. High water temperatures cause corals to lose the algae (海藻) that provide them with food, 9. makes the corals white and can increase outbreaks of infectious disease.A team of researchers are trying to develop super corals at their research center at the moment. They began by selecting certain coral species that seemed to have adapted to the changing ocean conditions better 10. others. Hopefully, the super corals will not only survive but thrive in the warmer and increasingly acidic ocean.【语篇解读】被称为“海洋中的热带雨林”的珊瑚礁是非常重要的生态系统，但由于气候变化，珊瑚礁正遭受着最不容忽视的威胁。研究者们正在试图研发能适应较温暖且酸性越来越强的海洋的超级珊瑚虫。1called 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词为are，空处应为动词的非谓语形式，又call与其逻辑主语coral reefs为动宾关系，所以填其过去分词形式called。2survival 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词for的宾语，应用名词形式，所以填survival。3creatures考查名词的单复数。creature为可数名词，根据空前的countless可知，空处应用名词复数形式，所以填creatures。4that 考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，It在句中作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句结构和意义完整，所以填that。5providing 考查现在分词。coral reefs与provide为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以填provide的现在分词形式providing。6severely 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰过去分词threatened，应用副词形式，所以填severely。7have been destroyed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past centuries可以判断，本句时态应用现在完成时，又主语many of which表示复数概念，与destroy之间构成被动关系，所以空处填have been destroyed。8is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语，根据该句中的now可知，此处应用一般现在时，又主语为Climate change，所以填is。9which 考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为“High water temperatures cause corals to lose the algae(海藻)that provide them with food”，所以填which。10than 考查比较级的标志词。根据句中的better可知，此处表比较，应用than引出比较对象，所以空处填than。