2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲解密17七选五(习题)(五)(解析版).docx

13. 2020届福建省漳州市高中毕业班第三次教学质量检测With COVID-19 floating around, you know getting your hands clean is your best defense from viruses and bacteria. You use either soap or sanitizer（消毒剂）.But something thats not as clear is which works better.16. Wash your hands with soap whenever possible, and if you cant get to a sink, sanitizer is good, too, according to Preeti Malanti, a medical professor focused on infectious disease at the University of Michigan.The way sanitizer works is primarily through the power of alcohol. Alcohol can “murder” many types of bacteria and viruses by destroying their outermost layer, making them unable to take over a host. This isnt effective with viruses with a hard outer shell, like norovirus. 17. Soap works a little differently. Instead of killing viruses and bacteria, its purpose is to lift away dirt, oil, and other dangerous agents that get on your hands.18. It only disinfects（消毒）bacteria and viruses and can leave insect killers or spores（孢子）on your hands.Washing away the coronavirus might not sound as violent as stopping it dead in its tracks, but its proven to be more effective.19. It is possible to over wash your hands or use too much sanitizer? Not really, says Sanjay Maggiwar from Washington University-through constantly scrabbing your hands with soap will probably dry them out.Just be sure to keep washing your hands as regularly as you can.20. They might be at risk of being sneezed on. It might be smart to wipe down your cell phone, too, if you happen to use that a lot on the run.A. Sanitizer doesn't remove anything.B. So, what do the experts recommend?C. Use what you can to stay clean and healthy.D. How can you make soap work more effectively?E.There isn't anything that is really better than effective hand washingF.Still, it'll keep you protected from a lot of the invisible bacteria and viruses.G.Also remember to disinfect shared surfaces at your home or office when possible.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然有了免洗消毒液，但是我们还是要勤洗手的原因。16.B 根据上文“But something thats not as clear is which works better.(但不太清楚的是哪种效果更好。)”和下文专家下文专家Preeti Malanti, a medical professor的建议可知，此处为承上启下句。所以选择项B. So, what do the experts recommend?(那么，专家们有什么建议呢?)符合题意。故选B。17.F 根据前句“This isnt effective with viruses with a hard outer shell, like norovirus. (对于像诺如病毒这样外壳坚硬的病毒来说，这是无效的。)”可知，这里为转折关系，所以选择项F. Still, it'll keep you protected from a lot of the invisible bacteria and viruses. (尽管如此，它还是能保护你不受许多看不见的细菌和病毒的伤害。) 符合题意。故选F。18.A 根据后句“It only disinfects（消毒）bacteria and viruses and can leave insect killers or spores（孢子）on your hands.（它只会消毒细菌和病毒，还会在你手上留下杀虫剂或孢子。)”可知，消毒剂不能清除任何东西。故选A。19. E根据前句“Washing away the coronavirus might not sound as violent as stopping it dead in its tracks, but its proven to be more effective. (冲洗掉冠状病毒听起来可能不像彻底消灭它那么猛烈，但事实证明它更有效。)”可知，没有什么比有效的洗手更有效了。故选E。20. C根据前句“Just be sure to keep washing your hands as regularly as you can. (一定要尽可能经常洗手。)”可知，C项“尽你所能保持清洁和健康”符合语境。故选C。14. 2020届重庆市渝中区、九龙坡区等主城区高三学业质量调研抽测How to Level up Your Self-ControlBy definition, self-control is the ability to do something that benefits your long-term goals, instead of something that might satisfy your immediate desires.16. -we end up sacrificing the well-being of our future selves all too easily. 17. ?Angela Duckworth, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, says allocating resources between your present self and future self is an ongoing struggle. For example, exhibiting self-control over spending time on video games and social media, two of the most common temptations（诱惑）of the current era, means battling against age-old mechanisms in your brain. If you're willing to look deeply into your tendencies and weak points, you can recognize the handful of problems that you need to work on. 18. To improve self-control at work, Duckworth first recommends taking a future-oriented approach to your day, such as planning breaks and the time for checking emails in advance. The problem of looking at your cell phone too often, say, can be solved by putting it on mute or, better yet, sticking it in your bag until lunch.19. .Finally, Duckworth advises laying a foundation of self-control that you can build of in the future.20. because of too little sleep the night before, or an insufficient meal in the morning. By practicing healthier living away from the workplace, you can gather the strength and stamina（毅力）to help you control your worst urges when it matters most.A. One place to start would be the officeB. What problems do you need to work onC. We've all experienced unproductive workdaysD. But for many of us, short-term satisfactions are irresistibleE.Why is exercising proper self-control so tricky for some, and how to do betterF.If you can resist resigning you may achieve more on your overall self-controlG.Removing the temptation from sight is key to ensuring you're faithful to your mission这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍我们的自制力无法抵抗短期的诱惑而牺牲我们长期的目标，以及这个问题产生的原因和如何提高我们的自制力。16. D空格前一句“By definition, self-control is the ability to do something that benefits your long-term goals, instead of something that might satisfy your immediate desires.”表达的是按照定义，自制力是那种做一些对你自己长期目标有利的事情的能力，而不是做一些可能满足你当下要求的事情。空格后一句“we end up sacrificing the well-being of our future selves all too easily.”表达的是我们实在太容易以牺牲我们未来自己的幸福而结束。由此可见，空格前后表达的是两种对立相反的观点，空格处需表达的是做一些短期当下要求的事情，与前一句形成对立。选项D表达的是“但是对于大多数的我们，短期的满足感是无法抵抗的”，符合语境。故选D。17.E 空格下一段首句“Angela Duckworth, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, says allocating resources between your present self and future self is an ongoing struggle.”表达的是安吉拉·达克沃斯，一名宾夕法尼亚大学心理学教授，说在你现在的自己和未来的自己直接进行资源分配是一个持续存在的难题。第四段“If you're willing to look deeply into your tendencies and weak points, you can recognize the handful of problems that you need to work on. ”表达的是如果你乐意进一步的探究你的倾向和弱点，你可能会承认一把你需要去解决的问题。由空格后的这两句内容可知，空格后这两段内容都是对空格提出的问题的解答。选项E“为什么训练合适的自制力对某些人来说是非常棘手的，并且如何能做的更好”，和空格下一段首句表达的“持续存在的难题”以及第四段“解决问题”相呼应。故选E。18.A 空格后一句提到“To improve self-control at work, Duckworth first recommends taking a future-oriented approach to your day, such as planning breaks and the time for checking emails in advance. ”可知，为了提高在工作上的自制力，达克沃斯首先建议你的一天应该采用一种以未来为导向的方法，例如提前计划好休息时间和查邮件时间。空格后一句是具体表达在工作环境如何提高自制力。选项A“先开始的某个地方可能是办公室”，和空格后一句描述的工作环境相呼应。故选A。19.G 空格前一句“The problem of looking at your cell phone too often, say, can be solved by putting it on mute or, better yet, sticking it in your bag until lunch.”可知，太频繁地观看你的手机这个问题可以通过禁音或者更好的是，把它放在你包里直到午餐时间。选项G“去除来自视觉的诱惑是确保你忠诚于你的使命的关键”中的“视觉诱惑”和空格前一句“太频繁观看你的手机”相呼应。故选G。20.C 空格后一句“because of too little sleep the night before, or an insufficient meal in the morning.”表示的是因为前天晚上睡眠不足，或者早餐的不足。由此可知，是对空格原因的说明。选项C“我们大家都经历过徒劳无效的工作日”中的徒劳无效的原因是睡眠不足，或者早餐不足导致，符合语境。故选C。15. 2020届辽宁省辽阳市高三二模 Some students find themselves constantly in trouble with attention at school.16. If you have trouble paying attention, sitting still, and are getting constantly called out by your teacher, you can still learn to follow the rules and channel your energy into becoming a better student.17. If you have trouble paying attention and staying on task, changing your attitude can help a lot. Try to use your imagination to make the task cooler and more fun. It might sound stupid, but pretending your schoolwork is fun can actually make it fun.Take notes. One great way to keep yourself focused on the class topics and the lesson is to take notes. Even if you'll be provided with a review, or you don't eventually need the information for the test, if you struggle to pay attention, focus on writing down the important things the teacher says.18. Be prepared for class. You can't stay focused if you don't have all the necessary supplies ready, and you're in your seat on time. There's nothing worse for your classroom reputation than forgetting your math textbook, or having to ask for a pencil or a piece of paper that you forget to bring.Get involved in the class discussions.19. Just raise your hand if you know the answer, and talk during discussions in class if they're going on.20. Just like changing your attitude about enjoying your classes, making an active choice can be an important first step in actually getting better grades.A. Motivate yourself to improve your grades.B. Use your imagination and decide to like the topics.C. Taking notes can also help you improve your writing skills.D. If you're not active in class, make a change and try to answer questions.E.There are so many factors to make you unfocused, and you aren't alone!F.This will help you stay focused and you'll have something to refer to later.G.Seeing the results of your hard work, you might become more confident at work.这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生在学校里总是注意力不集中应该怎么做。16. E 上文Some students find themselves constantly in trouble with attention at school.(一些学生发现他们自己在学校总是注意力不集中)与E. There are so many factors to make you unfocused, and you aren't alone!(有太多的因素导致你注意无法集中，并且你不是唯一的)承接自然，attention和unfocused是反义词复现，故选E项。17. B下文If you have trouble paying attention and staying on task, changing your attitude can help a lot. Try to use your imagination to make the task cooler and more fun. (如果你在注意力和任务上有困难，改变你的态度会有很大帮助。试着用你的想象力让任务变得更酷，更有趣)与B. Use your imagination and decide to like the topics.(发挥你的想象力，决定你喜欢的话题)承接自然，imagination是关键词，故选B项。18. F上文Even if you'll be provided with a review, or you don't eventually need the information for the test, if you struggle to pay attention, focus on writing down the important things the teacher says.(即使你会被提供一个复习，或者你最终不需要这些测试的信息，专心记下老师说的重要内容)与F. This will help you stay focused and you'll have something to refer to later.(这将有助于帮你保持专注，稍后你会有所参考)承接自然，选项中的this指的是“记下老师所讲的重要内容”的方法，故选F项。19.D 下文Just raise your hand if you know the answer, and talk during discussions in class if they're going on.(如果你知道答案就举手，如果他们在课堂上讨论的话就讲话)与D. If you're not active in class, make a change and try to answer questions.(如果你在课堂上不积极，就试着改变，尽量回答问题)承接自然，下文是做出改变的具体说明，故选D项。20.A 根据下文Just like changing your attitude about enjoying your classes, making an active choice can be an important first step in actually getting better grades.(就像改变你喜欢上课的态度一样，主动选择可能是获得更好成绩的重要的一步)可知，本段主要讲述要做出积极的改变来提高成绩，A. Motivate yourself to improve your grades.(激励自己提高成绩)可以作为本段中心句，故选A项。16. 2020届浙江省杭州市高三下学期教学质量检测Humans were made for walking. With our upright posture and strong leg muscles, our bodies were actually designed with walking in mind which makes it such perfect exercise. Its kind to our bodies and great for our waistlines. 11. Maybe you already love to walk, but youre getting tired of tracing the same old route day after day, or maybe youre new to walking and arent sure how to get started. 12. Ask yourself, what do you want to get out of walking aside from the health benefits? Do you want to meet other people? See new places? Get out into the countryside or explore a new city? Knowing your goals will help you decide on the type of walk you want to do.If making friends and socializing is your goal, call up your friends and schedule walks with them.13. Many malls have groups that come every day, or every weekend, to “walk the mall.” These groups are always happy to include one more walker!14. Many large cities have incredible gardens and parks that include quiet walking trails getting you off the beaten path. Thanks to the Rails to Trails program, railways across the country are being transformed into scenic walking paths that are a perfect way to seek calmness.From the benefits to your heart to your overall happiness, walking is just plain good for you.15. Its a fantastic way to get to know a place by the power of your own two feet.A. Headed to a new city?B. This month, pick up a map and start walking.C. Ask your friends where they like to walk and just go there.D. Either way, it's time to accept the idea of walking with a purpose.E.And best of all, its a great way to see new things and meet new people!F.Recently, science has proved that walking is good for your body shape.G.If you're after walking alone, ask about local hikes that get you out of town and into the countryside.这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了散步对人的一些好处，以及如何选择散步路线的建议。从对你的心脏的好处到你整体的快乐，步行对你来说是非常好的。文章最后倡导人们开始步行起来。11. E根据上文Humans were made for walking. With our upright posture and strong leg muscles, our bodies were actually designed with walking in mind which makes it such perfect exercise. Its kind to our bodies and great for our waistlines.可知，人是为行走而生的。由于我们直立的姿势和强壮的腿部肌肉，我们的身体实际上是为步行而设计的，这使得步行成为一种完美的锻炼。它对我们的身体有好处，对我们的腰围也有好处。由此可知，本句承接上文继续说明步行的好处。故E选项“最重要的是，这是一个认识新事物和认识新朋友的好方法!”符合上下文语境，故选E。12. D结合后文Ask yourself, what do you want to get out of walking aside from the health benefits? Do you want to meet other people? See new places? Get out into the countryside or explore a new city? Knowing your goals will help you decide on the type of walk you want to do.可知，问问你自己，除了健康益处，你还想从散步中得到什么？你想认识其他人吗？看到新地方吗？走出家门去乡下还是去探索一个新的城市？了解你的目标将帮助你决定你想要走的类型。由此可知，本句是在说明要带着目标步行，后文一系列设问句是在解释如何寻找目标。故选D项“不管怎样，现在是时候接受带着目标走路的想法了”符合上下文语境，故选D。13.C 根据上文If making friends and socializing is your goal, call up your friends and schedule walks with them.可知，如果交朋友和社交是你的目标，打电话给你的朋友，安排和他们一起散步。由此可知，如果想要和朋友一起散步社交，那么需要了解他们喜欢去哪里散步。故C选项“问问你的朋友他们喜欢去哪里散步，然后就去那里”符合上下文语境，故选C。14. G根据后文Many large cities have incredible gardens and parks that include quiet walking trails getting you off the beaten path.可知，许多大城市都有令人难以置信的花园和公园，里面有安静的步行道，让你远离人迹罕至的小路。由此可知，本段是在说明如果想一个人散步，可以选择的散步地点是离开城镇后安静的步行道。故G选项“如果你想一个人散步，可以问问当地的徒步旅行，这样你就可以离开城镇，去乡下了”符合上下文语境，故选G。15.B 根据上文From the benefits to your heart to your overall happiness, walking is just plain good for you.可知，从对你的心脏的好处到你整体的快乐，步行对你来说是非常好的。结合本段为文章最后一段，有总结上文的作用，上文提到了散步的好处和选择，那么此处应当是倡导人们开始步行。故B选项“这个月，拿起一张地图，开始步行”符合上下文语境，故选B。