2022高考英语二轮复习讲义及练习07非谓语动词(讲义)(四).docx

非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。(3)作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud， disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。Were proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。在“主语系动词表语(形容词)to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容 词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。(3)作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud， disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。Were proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。在“主语系动词表语(形容词)to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容 词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。经典例题1. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _64_ (improve) water quality. 【参考答案】to improve 【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。2.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。3.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved【参考答案】C【答案解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的， 故答案为C。句意：现在很多航空公司为节省乘客的时间所以允许他们在线打印登机牌。其它选项不符合语境及题意。2. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _.A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系，且catch动作未发生，因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义，作train的定语。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看表，因为我要赶一班火车。2分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。Having cleaned the desks，we began reading. 擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。经典例题 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系，因此用v.­ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院最近引进了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗。1.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _64_ (improve) water quality. 【参考答案】to improve 【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。2.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。3. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved【参考答案】C【答案解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的， 故答案为C。句意：现在很多航空公司为节省乘客的时间所以允许他们在线打印登机牌。其它选项不符合语境及题意。2. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _.A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系，且catch动作未发生，因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义，作train的定语。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看表，因为我要赶一班火车。2分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。Having cleaned the desks，we began reading. 擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。经典例题The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系，因此用v.­ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院最近引进了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗。