全国卷2023届高三英语下学期冲刺模拟试题11.docx

（全国卷）2023届高三英语下学期冲刺模拟试题11第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AOne of the best ways to pay for college is to find work that helps foot part of the school fee. Here are 4 types of part-time jobs that provide students with extra income.Jobs with employer scholarshipsSome companies offer help paying for college through scholarship programs. Taco Bell, for instance, offers its part- time employees the chance to win up to a $ 25,000 award through its Live Mas Scholarship. The award can be used toward vocational schools or a two-or-four-year college. Employees must have worked for the company at least three continuous months.Work-studyFor years the work-study program has allowed students to earn money through part-time work. Students aged between 16 and 24 who file Free Application for Student Aid maybe qualified for the program. While these jobs arent always on campus, students in work study earn at least $7.25 per hour the state minimum wage.Paid internshipsA paid internship can not only help students pay for college but can also open doors for full-time work after graduation. According to a 2019 survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, nearly two-thirds of paid interns received a job offer, while just about 44% of unpaid interns were offered a job.On-demand economy jobsKnown for its flexibility, the jobs can help students earn cash between classes. These on-demand jobs include completing small jobs, making deliveries or even driving for ride-booking services. Students can typically earn more through on-demand work, ranging from $10 to $20 an hour.21. What are the applicants for the work-study program required to do?A. Submit an application form.B. Work part time for years.C. Accept the minimum wage.D. Live and work at one campus.22. What is the advantage of on-demand economy jobs?A. Providing scholarships.B. Having fixed workplace.C. Including an extra award.D. Offering more job options.23.Which program is of great help for students to find a full-time job?A. Jobs with employer scholarships.B. On- demand economy jobs.C. Paid internships. D. Work- study.BThe 2020 Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to former U.S. Poet Laureate(桂冠诗人) Louise Gluck.The prize committee cited “her unmistakable poetic voice that with plain beauty makes individual existence universal”. Gluck is the first American woman to win the award since Toni Morrison in 1993. Gluck, 77, joins a list of literary giants and previous Nobelists who include, in this century, Canadian short-story master Alice Munro, Chinese magical-realist Mo Yan, etc.Glucks work includes 12 collections of poetry and a couple of volumes of essays on literary writing. “All are characterized by striving for clarity(清晰). Childhood and family life, the close relationship with parents and siblings is a theme that has remained central to her,” Anders Olsson, the chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said. “She seeks the universal, and in this she takes inspiration from myths and classical themes,” Olsson added, citing her 2006 collection Averno, which the committee described as “masterly” for its “visionary interpretation of the myth of Persephones fall into hell in the captivity of Hades, the god of death”.Being a professor at Yale and a resident of Cambridge, Gluck also served as U.S. Poet Laureate from 2003 to 2004 and is no stranger to awards. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1993 for her collection of poems titled The Wild Iris, in which “she describes the miraculous return of life after winter in the poem Snowdrops,” the Nobel literature committee said Thursday. She also won the 2014 National Book Award for poetry Faithful and Virtuous Night. In 2016, President Obama awarded the National Humanities Medal to Gluck in a White House ceremony.The publicity-shy Gluck did not immediately issue any comment about the latest honor for her body of work, which spans more than half a century. In a 2012 interview, she acknowledged that prizes can make “existence in the world easier” but did not amount to the immortality(不朽) of a true artist.24. What can we know about Gluck from paragraph 1?A. She is as popular as the Chinese novelist Mo Yan.B. She won the Nobel Prize for her special literary style.C. She is the first American to win a Nobel Prize in literature.D. She is the only Poet Laureate in modern American history.25. What do Glucks poems mainly focus on?A. Daily life.B. Nature.C. Careers.D. Classical myths.26. What is the purpose of paragraph 3?A. To show Glucks contributions to literature.B. To prove Glucks great passion for writing.C. To present Glucks outstanding achievements.D. To stress Glucks influence on other poets.27. What does Gluck think about the honor she has received?A. She is content with it.B. She takes it very seriously.C. She deserves a higher honor.D. She doesnt attach great importance to it.CThe argument that human-caused carbon emissions are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years. And while it seems to be reasonable, the science just doesnt back it up.According to the US Geological Survey(USGS), the worlds volcanoes, both on land and undersea, generate about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide(CO2) annually, while our automotive and industrial activities cause some 24 billion tons of CO2 emissions every year worldwide. Despite the arguments to the contrary, the facts speak for themselves: Greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes compose less than one percent of those generated by todays human activities.Another indication that human emissions surpass those of volcanoes is the fact that atmospheric CO2 levels, as measured by sampling stations around the world, have gone up consistently year after year regardless of whether or not there have been major volcanic eruptions in specific years. “If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck, a journalist writing for online environmental news. “Instead, such records show a smooth and regular trend.”Furthermore, some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions, like that of Mt.St. Helens in 1980 and Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, actually lead to short-term global cooling, not warming, as sulfur dioxide(SO2), ash and other particles in the air and stratosphere(平流层) reflect some solar energy instead of letting it into Earths atmosphere. SO2, which converts(转变) to sulfuric acid aerosol, when it hits the stratosphere, can linger there for as long as seven years and can exercise a cooling effect long after a volcanic eruption has taken place.Scientists tracking the effects of the major 1991 eruption of the Philippines Mt. Pinatubo found that the overall effect of the blast was to cool the surface of the Earth globally by some 0.5 degrees Celsius a year later, even though rising human greenhouse gas emissions and an El Nino event caused some surface warming during the 1991-1993 study period.In an interesting twist on the issue, British researchers last year published an article in the peer reviewed scientific journal Nature showing how volcanic activity may be contributing to the melting of ice caps in Antarctica but not because of any emissions, natural or man-made. Instead, scientists Hugh Corr and David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey believe that volcanoes underneath Antarctica may be melting the continents ice sheets from below, just as warming air temperatures from human-induced emissions erode them from above.28. According to Paragraph 1, some people argue that _ .A. their opinion is supported by science.B. volcanoes generate most of the greenhouse gases.C. human activities are to blame for greenhouse gases.D. carbon emissions produced by volcanoes are increasing.29.What does the underlined word “spikes” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sudden increases.B. Smooth trends.C. Stable regularities. D. Sharp declines.30. What do the scientists mentioned in this passage believe about volcanic eruptions?A. They brought about global warming.B. They actually partly cooled the surface of the Earth.C. They melted the ice sheets in Antarctic from above.D. They dominated human emissions in greenhouse effect.31. The purpose of the passage is to _.A. compare the results of the studies.B. contradict a view held by some people.C. present new findings for greenhouse phenomenon.D. report the effects of CO2, in greenhouse phenomenon.DThe cancer death rate in the U.S. fell by the most on record as advances in treatments for lung tumors (肿瘤) like video-assisted surgery helped prolong the lives of patients.The death rate from cancer has been gradually declining for 26 years, thanks in large part to fewer people smoking cigarettes. But from 2019 to 2020, the most recent period available, it dropped by 2.2%, the most ever in a single year, according to a report released Wednesday by the American Cancer Society. That compares with an average 1.5% yearly decline over the decade. The drop translates to roughly 2.9 million fewer cancer deaths than what would have occurred had death rates remained at their peak. For lung cancer specifically, the death rate declined 4.3% annually from 2013 to 2017.“It is really lung cancer that is driving this,” said Rebecca Siegel, scientific director of surveillance research at the American Cancer Society, and lead author on the new study. “We found increases in survival for lung cancer at every stage in diagnosis.” She attributed the lower deaths to improvements in treatments, including video-assisted surgery that enables more patients with early lung tumors to become qualified for operations; more precise radiation treatment; and better scanning technology that allows doctors to better assess the stage of tumor, so the patient gets the best treatment right away. At later stages of illness, new, targeted drugs that aim at specific disease-causing genes are helping patients whose tumors have those genetic flaws(缺陷). Overall, lung cancer death rates have dropped by 51% for men since their peak in 1990, and by 26% for women since their peak in 2002.Theres the potential for more progress in future reports. Thats because the latest death-rate statistics go only through 2020, and likely dont include the potential impact in lung cancer death from immune-therapy drugs. They became widely used in lung cancer only in the past few years.The report, based on U.S. government data, isnt all good news. Prostate(前列腺) cancer death rates have leveled off recently after a period of decline. That may be because many doctors pulled back on using the controversial prostate-specific antigen test, or PSA, which can spot the disease but can lead to over-treatment of men who may never have died from their tumors.“Though it was definitely causing harm, it was also contributing to declines in death,” Siegel said. Whats needed now is better screening tests to detect only the prostate cancers that will go on to cause harm.Population death rates are considered one of the most reliable ways of measuring progress in cancer treatment and prevention. By contrast, cancer survival rates can sometimes be influenced by improvements in diagnosing tiny, early stage tumors that wouldnt necessarily be deadly.32. According to paragraph 2, _.A. cancer death rate reached its peak in 2017B. death rate decreases over the past 2 decadesC. 2.9 million people die of cancer in America every yearD. most of the cancer patients in America suffer from lung cancer33. We can learn from the passage that _.A. female death rate of lung cancer drops more than that of maleB. targeted drugs have led to rapid increase in cancer death ratesC.better scanning technology will lead to improvement in treating genetic flawsD. improper use of prostate-specific antigen test can lead to over-treatment of men34. The underlined expression “level off” in paragraph 5 means _.A. remain unchangedB. show upC. take offD. become sharp35. What might be the best title of the passage?A. Medical Progress Prolonging Patients LivesB. Cancer Death Rates Dropping at the Fastest PaceC. Significant Improvement in Treating Lung CancerD. Advanced Technologies Applied in Cancer Treatment第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Competition is all around us and it makes the strong stronger and the weak weaker. It can also teach us how to survive in a fast-paced and stressful world. 36 How many of us have seen young boys weeping because their teams didnt win an inter-school tournament? How many of us have seen young teenagers cheat just to win? 37 So its important to develop healthy competition among children.When it comes to encouraging healthy competition among children, the first thing to do is set goals for them to stick to. 38 Since children may be easily affected by wrong ideas from popular media and the Internet, its up to you to develop the right kind of spirit in them. Team spirit will help them grow into human beings who arent easily annoyed by small losses or too excited by victories. 39 So give them examples where family members refused to cheat to win. 40 When they took an exam, dont ask about how much they expect to score; instead, ask what they wrote about. If your son played a cricket match at school, dont ask him whether his team won or lost; ask him how many runs he scored and encourage him to score higher next time instead. When you let your children know that youre more interested in how they performed rather than whether they lost or won, they will surely try to better themselves.A. However, children can be hit by competition.B. These are the effects of unhealthy competition.C. Sending your children the right signals is also important.D. We should also encourage healthy competition among children.E. However, you mustnt push them too hard and burden them with a goal too high.F. Care more about childrens performance rather than the results in a sports match.G. In addition, they may also not want to adopt just any method to win, like cheating or lying.第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Most of us dream, whether we remember them or not. What are dreams for? A handful of 41 dominate.Sigmund Freud famously maintained that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and strengt