贵州省六盘水市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量监测英语试题.docx

六盘水市2021-2022学年度第二学期期末教学质量监测高二年级英语试题卷(考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分)第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASome libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the shelves and settle down with a new book. No matter how they achieve it, these novel libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive.Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany)Opened in 2011, this 9-story public library is so special because of its wonderful color scheme (lit by blue light at night) and its rare cubic shape. This cultural center for the city, designed to feel open and full of light, can be entered from any of its four sides, and people can borrow artworks as well as books.Beach Library (Albena Bulgaria)Beach Library is the first of its kind in Europe to encourage visitors to read a book on the beach. The white, weather resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf feature 6, 000 books in 15 languages so every visitor can find the perfect book to read while exposed to the suns rays.Seikei University Library (Tokyo, Japan)This library is the new symbol of Seikei University. Libraries are usually famous for their quiet atmosphere, but this one encourages conversation. Pritzker Prize-winner Shigeru Ban designed the library with free-standing soundproofed(隔音的)equipment to serve as perfect spots for study groups and lively discussions.Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)The very library was designed to be a sustainable building. A great combination of high technology and sustainable development, this building was made from recycled materials, features a green roof, and was designed to look like a local unique tree. It is also advanced, using robot tools to bring requested books to the front desk.1. What can visitors do at Beach Library?A. Attend a famous festival.B. Watch wonderful light shows.C. Have discussions with professors.D. Enjoy reading while taking a sun bath.2. What is likely to impress visitors about Macquarie University Library?A. Its cubic shape.B. Its environmentally friendly building.C. Its peaceful atmosphere.D. Its weather-resistant shelves.3. In which section of a newspaper do you most probably read the text?A. Sports.B. Education.C. Nature.D. Economy.【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了四个使用独特的建筑来鼓励游客探索书架、阅读新书，有着独特的阅读魅力的图书馆。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“so every visitor can find the perfect book to read while exposed to the suns rays.”（所以每个游客都能在阳光下找到最适合阅读的书。）可知，在Beach Library游客们可以在阳光的沐浴下享受阅读。故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A great combination of high technology and sustainable development, this building was made from recycled materials, features a green roof, and was designed to look like a local unique tree.”（这座建筑是高科技和可持续发展的完美结合，由回收材料建造，具有绿色屋顶，看起来像当地独特的树。）可知，Macquarie University Library的独特之处在于它是用回收材料建造的，非常环保，由此推知，它的环保建筑可能给游客留下深刻印象。故选B。3题详解】推理判断题。本文主要是在介绍四个独特的图书馆，面向喜爱阅读、学习的人群，应属于教育类的板块。故选B。BOne piece of advice I give young people is that they dont have to decide what they want to do for the rest of their life at age 22. Just think of all the jobs that didnt exist 10 years ago and what might exist 10 years from now. Just think how much the nursing field has changed over the years and how many opportunities and different paths nurses can take these days.My oldest daughter is a nurse practitioner(从业者). But she didnt start there when she went to college. She got her undergraduate degree in hotel and restaurant management with a minor(辅修课程)in business. On graduation day she looked at me and said, “Mom, I dont know what Im going to do with my life thats meaningful.” I looked at her and said, “Just get a job and then figure it out.”She struggled for a year or two after college with a couple of different jobs. Whenever she talked to me about becoming a nurse, I told her shed be a great nursesuper organized, able to multi-task better than anyone I knew, with amazing skills. But I also told her that shed have to work very hard and study the sciences if she wanted to be a nurse.She considered her choices and decided to participate in a combined nursing / nurse practitioner program getting her second bachelors degree then her masters. Her nursing career since 2005 has progressed and she now has a mix of leadership, administrative, and clinical work.4. What is the authors suggestion for young people?A. Decide their careers before age 22.B. Consider all the jobs existing 10 years ago.C. Think twice before choosing their careers.D. Develop as many interests as possible.5. What do we know about the authors oldest daughter?A. She worked in various fields.B. She majored in business in college.C. She turned to her professor for career advice.D. She knew exactly her future career while in college.6. Which word can best describe the authors oldest daughter as a nurse practitioner?A. Generous.B. Humorous.C. Successful.D. Traditional.7. How does the author mainly support her idea?A. By listing facts.B. By analyzing causes.C. By making comparisons.D. By providing a typical example.【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述女儿大学毕业时不知道要干什么的故事，告诉读者：在22岁之前不必非要明白自己将来要做什么，可以先去做，然后就可以找到自己喜欢做的事情。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“One piece of advice I give young people is that they dont have to decide what they want to do for the rest of their life at age 22. Just think of all the jobs that didnt exist 10 years ago and what might exist 10 years from now. Just think how much the nursing field has changed over the years and how many opportunities and different paths nurses can take these days. (我给年轻人的一条建议是，他们不必在22岁时决定下半辈子要做什么。想想10年前不存在的所有工作，以及10年后可能存在的工作。想想这些年来护理领域发生了多大的变化，护士们可以选择多少机会和不同的道路。)”可知，作者建议年轻人在决定自己将来要做什么之前要先想清楚。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“She struggled for a year or two after college with a couple of different jobs. (大学毕业后，她为几份不同的工作奋斗了一两年。)”可知，作者的大女儿做了好几份不同的工作，即在不同的领域里工作过。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her nursing career since 2005 has progressed and she now has a mix of leadership, administrative, and clinical work. (自2005年以来，她的护理职业生涯取得了进步，现在她兼具领导、行政和临床工作。)”可知，作者的大女儿做护士的工作很成功。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“One piece of advice I give young people is that they dont have to decide what they want to do for the rest of their life at age 22. Just think of all the jobs that didnt exist 10 years ago and what might exist 10 years from now. Just think how much the nursing field has changed over the years and how many opportunities and different paths nurses can take these days. (我给年轻人的一条建议是，他们不必在22岁时决定下半辈子要做什么。想想10年前不存在的所有工作，以及10年后可能存在的工作。想想这些年来护理领域发生了多大的变化，护士们可以选择多少机会和不同的道路。)”和第二段“My oldest daughter is a nurse practitioner(从业者). But she didnt start there when she went to college. (我的大女儿是一名护士。但她上大学时并不是从那里开始的。)”可知，作者通过以大女儿为例来支持她的观点。故选D。CWhen you see animals, do you wonder what theyre thinking? Does the look on their face and how they behave indicate how theyre feelingor are they feeling nothing at all?Humans have a complex range of emotions, but its hard to tell whats going on inside the heads of animals, mainly because they cant orally express their feelings. Perhaps its pets that we think we understand mostas they are the animals we spend a lot of time with and therefore get to know best. Some of us own dogs because they are good companions, are loyal and seem to connect with us. We might even think they love us, although love could just be a human emotion. Professor Kim Bard, an expert in comparative developmental psychology from the University of Portsmouth, said: “We have a few studies now that actually show, scientifically that some dogs will respond with empathetic(共情)concern when their ownerbut not a strangerpretends to cry.” The empathetic ability of cats, however, is harder to work out.Other wild animals might have feelings too. Giraffes and whales, for example, are known to experience sadness when someone in their group dies. Farm animals we often eat, such as cows and chickens, are also believed to experience pain, joy and other emotions. Their well-being is now taken into consideration more. Its believed even tiny creatures like insects might have emotions as well. Research is beginning to show they experience a wide range of feelings.Dr Barbara J King, a professor at the College of William and Mary, said: “If we understand the depth of emotions animals can feel, this should make us question the existence of zoos around the world, and rethink those systems.” It does seem all creatures feel emotion, but what is not clear is “do they feel the same way as us”?8. Why is it difficult to tell how animals are feeling?A. They feel strange with people around.B. They cant express their feelings in words.C. Their emotions are complex.D. Their empathetic ability is hard to work out.9. What does Kim Bards study find about dogs?A. They have empathetic ability.B. They are less empathetic than cats.C. They often pretend to cry.D. They can understand us better than strangers.10. What message does Dr Barbara J King want to convey?A. Zoos should exist in the world.B. Animals can feel our emotions.C. Animals should be free from the zoos.D. Zoos are equipped with perfect systems.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. What Are Animals ThinkingB. Do Animals Love UsC. Why Do Animals Feel the Same Way as UsD. Do Animals Have Emotions【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D【解析】【导语】本文是篇议论文。人类拥有复杂的情感，但动物是否和人类一样拥有情感呢？文章对此进行了分析和探讨。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“but its hard to tell whats going on inside the heads of animals, mainly because they cant orally express their feelings. ”（但很难判断动物大脑里到底发生了什么，主要是因为它们不能用语言表达自己的感受。）可知，很难说出动物的感受是因为它们无法用语言表达情感。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Kim Bard 的话中“that some dogs will respond with empathetic(共情)concern when their ownerbut not a strangerpretends to cry”（当它们的主人而不是陌生人假装哭泣时，一些狗会表现出共情的关心）可知，Kim Bard的研究发现狗拥有共情能力。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we understand the depth of emotions animals can feel, this should make us question the existence of zoos around the world”（如果我们能理解动物所能感受到的情感的深度，这应该会让我们质疑世界各地动物园的存在）可知，Dr Barbara认为如果动物有着较深的情感，就不应该被关在动物园里，应该获得自由。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“When you see animals, do you wonder what theyre thinking? Does the look on their face and how they behave indicate how theyre feelingor are they feeling nothing at all?”（当你看到动物时，你会想知道它们在想什么吗？他们脸上的表情和行为是否表明了他们的感受还是他们根本没有感觉？）并结合全文内容可知，本文主要在讨论动物是否拥有情感，D项“动物们有情感吗？”适合做文章标题。故选D。DExperts believe the best tine to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Actually the task is easily done with parents reading or talking to their babies. However, that is impossible when kids are born deaf.In that case, parents either have to quickly become adept at sign language or risk the child facing learning delays in the future. Now, a lovely blue-eyed robot, a human avatar(用户头像), and some high-tech neuroscience(神经科学)may help parents with this important developmental task.The Robot Avatar Thermal-Enhanced system, or RAVE, is the creation of a team led by Petitto, a scientist at Gallaudet University. The learning begins when the robots thermal(热力的)camera, which is focused on the babys face, senses small changes in his body temperature, which is associated with awareness. This, combined with the babys facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the babys attention to a computer screen.Here a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby much like a parent would. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond, “Are you pointing to me?” and follow that up with a fairy tale, or some necessary social communication, all in sign language. The “conversation” continues until the kid loses interest.The team, who have been testing the system for three years, found that babies began to move their hands in a way similar to sign language after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, starts the same parts of the brain and believes the movement proves the babies are learning the key parts of communication.12. What does the underlined word “adept” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Nervous.B. Skillful.C. Sensitive.D. Astonished.13. Who might benefit most from the blue-eyed robot mentioned in the text?A. A kid born with hearing problems.B. A kid who enjoys robot toys.C. A kid fond of medical science.D. A kid with a gift for language skills.14. What is the purpose of the example in paragraph 4?A. To show how a human avatar works.B. To stress the importance of sign language.C. To explain a human avatars weakness.D. To encourage parents to talk to their babies more.15. What does Petitto think of the RAVE?A. It is easily designed.B. It falls short of her expectations.C. It is effective in a way.D. It helps deaf babies hear the world.【答案】12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理及使用效果。【12题详解】词义猜测题。前文预设了孩子天生失聪的情况，后文提到“risk the child facing learning delays in the future（要么就有可能让孩子在未来面临学习迟缓的风险。）”由此判断，如果家长没有快速掌握手语，那么就会让孩子得不到及时的语言学习，因此产生学习迟缓的风险。A. Nervous紧张的；B. Skillful有技巧的；熟练的；C.Sensetive敏感的；D.Astonished非常惊讶的。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。第三段提到“The learning begins when the robots thermal(热力的)camera, which is focused on the babys face, senses small changes in his body temperature, which is associated with awareness. This, combined with the babys facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the babys attention to a computer screen.（当机器人的热摄像机(热力的)聚焦在婴儿的脸上，感知到婴儿体温的微小变化时，学习就开始了，这与意识有关。当婴儿的面部表情相结合时，机器人便会转过头，引导婴儿的注意力到电脑屏幕上。）”第四段举例提到“if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond, “Are you pointing to me?” and follow that up with a fairy tale, or some necessary social communication, all in sign language.”（如果婴儿指向屏幕，虚拟形象可能会回应，“你是在指我吗?”，然后再讲一个童话故事，或者进行一些必要的社交交流，全部用手语。）由此判断，该系统可以使用手语和失聪宝宝进行交流和学习，对失聪宝宝是非常有益的。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。第四段提到“For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond, “Are you pointing to me?” and follow that up with a fairy tale, or some necessary social communication, all in sign language. The “conversation” continues until the kid loses interest.（例如，如果婴儿指向屏幕，虚拟形象可能会回应，“你是在指我吗?，然后再讲一个童话故事，或者进行一些必要的社交交流，全部用手语。“谈话”一直持续到孩子失去兴趣为止。）”由此判断，该段在讲述语言学习机器人的工作原理。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。最后一段最后一句提到“Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, starts the same parts of the brain and believes the movement proves the babies are learning the key parts of communication.（Petitto说，自然语言，无论是通过言语还是手势交流，都是从大脑的相同部位开始的，他认为这个动作证明婴儿正在学习交流的关键部分。）”由此判断，失聪宝宝通过语言学习系统也能激活语言学习时使用的大脑部位，让他们也能像正常人一样学习语言，是一种有效的语言学习方式。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cant Sleep at Night?Too many of us are missing out on sweet dreams. Nearly one-third of people say they lie awake at least a few nights each week. Getting a poor nights sleep means more than