2022届新高考英语人教版二轮复习50分阅读提分练(五).docx

50分阅读提分练(五)阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A2021·山东省实验中学一模WinanInterviewwithNYTBestsellingAuthorJ.Elle!InadditiontoyourprivateonlineZoominterview, youwillalsowinaprintcopyofherbook, WingsofEbony, aPDFcopyofthebook, andthechancetohaveyourinterviewpublishedinTeenInk.HowtoEnter：1.FollowTeenInkonInstagram(teen.ink)2.CommenttwoofyourpotentialquestionsforJ.Elleonourcontestpost, oremailthemtocontests.3.Wewillbechoosingthewinnerbasedonthesequestions, sodoyourbest!AbouttheBook：WingsofEbonyispartofYAfantasybooksaboutablackteengoddessnamedRuewhomustriseupagainstracistgods, whopoisonedherblockwithdrugs, violence, andcrime.Itextendsauniqueperspectiveonracism, privilege, culturalappropriation, andcommunity.AboutJ.Elle：J.Elleisaformerteachertoinner­citystudents, andthefounderof“Your Story is Your Power”，acreativewritingworkshopthatempowersteenvoices.Fromgrowinguppoortobeingafirst­generationcollegestudent, Elle'sperseveranceandpassionforempoweringothersdatesbacktoherfirstcareerineducation, teachingtweensandteensfromtraditionallyunderservedareastofightfortheirdreams.Shedrewinspirationforthenovelfromherownexperiencegrowinguppoor, whichisclearlyreflectedinherbook.1Whatwillthewinnerget?AAface­to­faceinterviewwithElle.BAbookwithJ.Elle'ssignature.CAPDFcopyofWingsofEbony.DApublishedcopyofTeenInk.2Thewinnerwillbepickedoutbyparticipants'_AentriesBcommentsCemailsDquestions3WhatinspiredElletowritethebook?AHerloveforteaching.BHerexperienceinpoverty.CHerdreamofwriting.DHereducationincollege.B2021·大连市高三双基测试卷Lookingbackisawonderfulthing.Itallowsyoutoseewhathasledyouhereand, hopefully, howsocietyhaschangedandimproved.Take, forinstance, mycareergoal.First, Iwanted, in1999, tobea“farmer”，soonarchaeologist, thendrivinginstructorandsomewherealongtheway, footballer.Ihadgrownupinafootball­lovingfamily.IremembertheexactmomentwhenIsaid“I'm sad I can't be a footballer”whilewatchingthegamewithDadasapre­teen.Heaskedwhynot.“Because I'm not a boy.”Heimmediatelyresponded, “You can, if you want to.”“Yeah, Isupposeso，”Isighed, “but no one watches women's football.”Lookingback, IcanseeexactlywhyIfeltlikethat.Atschool, therewasanunwrittenrulethatsportslikehockeyandnetballwere“girl”sportsandrugbyandfootballwerefortheboys.I'dneverseeawomen'sfootballmatchonTV.Yousee, youcan'tbewhatyoucan'tsee, andlackofrepresentationleads, atbest, tomisunderstanding, andatworst, fearandnegativeopinions.Today, theLionessestookonScotlandintheWorldCup, andpeopleacrosstheworldtunedin.But, althoughwomen'sfootballisoneofFIFA'sbestinvestments, themajorityoffemaleplayersareearningunderafairwage.Somearguethatthat'sbecauseviewingstatisticsarelowerthanthoseofmen's, buttheriseinsupportshowsthedemandisthere.Hopefully, moreinvestmentwillpushfemalefootballforward.Today, I'llbecheeringontheLionesses, becauseit'llmeantalented, skillfulfemalefootballersbeingbroadcastintomillionsofhomesandmaybe, justmaybe, alittlegirlbelievingthatshecanalsobeaLionessoneday.4Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'scareergoals?ARealistic.BChangeable.CConsistent.DLong­sought.5Whydidn'ttheauthorbelieveshecouldbeafootballer?AShewasnottalentedenough.BPeoplelostfaithinwomen'sfootball.CGirlswereforbiddentoplayfootball.DShehadnoexampletofollow.6Whatcanweknowaboutwomen'sfootballfromParagraph5?AIt'sbetterpaidthanmen's.BItisincreasinglypopular.CIthasnomarketdemand.DItisnotprofitable.7Whatdoesthetextmainlywanttotellus?ASocietyadvanceswithtime.BWomendeserveequalrights.CEachgoalisworthpursuing.DHardworkalwayspaysoff.C2021·济南外国语模拟Whatexactlyisintelligence? Therearen'tanyeasyanswers.Despitetheprogressthathasbeenmadeingeneticsandpsychology, humanintelligencehasremainedoneofthemostcontroversialareasofmodernscience, untilnow, thatis, forthediscoveryofagene(基因) linkedtointelligencehasmadetheexpertsthinkagain.RobertPlominoftheInstituteofPsychiatryinLondonandhiscolleaguesintheUShavebeenlookingintogeneticmake­up.Fromtheirresearch, theyhavediscoveredthataslightlydifferentgeneismorecommoninthosewithahighIQ.PlominanalyzedDNAfromtwogroupsof51childrenagedbetween6and15.WhathefoundwasthatthefirstgrouphadanIQof136, puttingtheminthetop5%ofthepopulation, whiletheothergrouphadanaverageIQof103.Ananalysisoftheirgenesshowedthat32%ofchildreninthehighergrouphadthegeneinquestion, whileonly16%inthesecondgroupdid.However, thereisalotmoreresearchtobedone, andPlominhimselfiscautiousatthisearlystage.Hesuggeststhatthereareprobablymanygenesthatcontributetointelligence, ratherthanjustone.SeveralstudieshaveshownastronglinkbetweenIQandcareersuccess, althoughsomepsychologistsremainunconvincedaboutthis.ProfessorMichaelRowe, whohaswrittenabookcalledGeniusExplained, isoneofthese.“The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones who do best in their careers.”Manypsychologistsnowbelievethatwhenitcomestointelligence, IQisn'teverything.Manyalternativeviewshavebeenputforwardrecently.Oneexampleistheideaofmultipleintelligences, whichwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyHarvardpsychologistHowardGardner.ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheory, includingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors(因素) inintelligence.TonyBuzan, brainexpertandauthorofMasterYourMemory, isenthusiasticaboutthisbelief, arguingthattruegeniuses(天才) doindeedappeartocombinehighlevelsofeachtypeofintelligence.HelistsAlexandertheGreat, PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinasexamples.Atthesametime, Buzanbelievesthateveryonecandeveloptheirintelligence, onlyiftheytakethetroubletoexercisetheirbrain.Perhapsthere'shopeforusall!8Whatisthetopicofthepassage?ATherelationshipbetweengenesandintelligence.BIQbenefitsalotfromhighintelligence.CHowtodevelopintelligence.DWhatmakesintelligence.9WhydoestheauthorusedatainParagraph2?ATomakeasuggestion.BTodrawaconclusion.CToproveanidea.DTogiveanexample.10Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?ARobertPlominconfirmsgeneshavesomethingincommon.BHowardGardnerthinksintelligenceincludesvariousfactors.CMichaelRoweapprovesofastronglinkbetweenIQandcareer.DTonyBuzanagreesgeniusesexercisebraintoimproveintelligence.11Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4referto?AThedevelopmentofintelligence.BTheideaofmultipleintelligences.CIQisn'teverythingforintelligence.DAlternativeviewshavebeenputforward.D2021·沈阳市质量监测一Confusedbyfoodnutritionlabels? You'renotalone.Now, researchershavesuggestedanalternative: labellingtheamountandtypeofexerciseneededtoburnoffthecalories.Currentfoodanddrinklabelsdisplaynutritionalinformationsuchastheamountofcaloriesandfat.However, researchersledbyProf.AmandaDaleyatLoughboroughUniversitysaythattheselabelsarehavingalimitedeffectonchangingbuyinghabits.Instead, theyproposealabellingsystemcalled“physical activity calorie equivalent or expenditure” (PACE) (体育活动卡路里当量), whichshowshowmanyminutesormilesofphysicalactivityareneededtoburnoffthecalories.Forexample, asmallbarofmilkchocolatecontains230calories, whichwouldtakeabout42minutesofwalking, or22minutesofrunning, toburnoff.Theypooledthedatafrom14previousstudieswhichcomparedtheimpactofPACElabellingwiththatofothertypesoffoodlabelling, orwithnofoodlabellingatall.TheycalculatedthatPACElabellingcouldcutaperson'sdailycalorieintakebyupto200calories.“PublichealthagenciesmaywanttoconsiderthepossibilityofincludingpoliciestopromotePACEfoodlabellingasastrategythatcontributestothepreventionandtreatmentofobesity (肥胖) andrelateddiseases，”saidtheresearchers.TheUK'sRoyalSocietyforPublicHealthhasalreadycalledforPACElabellingtoreplacethecurrentsystem.However, noteveryoneisconvinced.AspokespersonfortheeatingdisordercharityBeatsaid, “Webelievethatanti­obesitycampaignsthatfocusonweightinsteadofhealthareineffectiveandthatrecommendingmoreexerciseisanineffectiveandover­simplisticapproachtoacomplexproblem.Mosturgently, publichealthcampaignsmustconsiderpeople'smentalaswellastheirphysicalhealth, movingfromobesity­shamingtoevidence­basedcampaignsthatbuildconfidenceandsupporthealthyeating.”12WhatadditionalinformationcanyougetfromPACElabelscomparedwiththecurrentones?AExerciseadvice.BFatcontent.CNutritionfacts.DCaloriecontent.13Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pooled”inParagraph3probablymean?ACollected.BDistributed.CDeleted.DProved.14WhatcanweknowfromBeat'scomments?AObesityisaphysicalproblemandcanbesolvedbyincreasingexercise.BObesityisrelatedtoeatinghabitsandcanbetackledbycuttingcalories.CObesityisnosimpleproblembutcanbesettledbyfocusingonweight.DObesityiscomplicatedandshouldbetackledphysicallyandmentally.15What'sthebesttitleforthetext?APACE: AnewlabellingoptionBNutrition: AbasicsteptowardshealthCLabelling: AsmartadvisorforshoppingDExercise: Aneffectivetreatmentforobesity第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试一HowtoQuietaComplainerTalkingtoacomplainercanstressyouout, butwiththerighttoolsyoucanlightenthemoodforall._16_Somecomplainerswillstopifyouchangetheconversationinadirectionthatintereststhem.Ifyourneighboriscaringmuchaboutthephonecompany, tellheraboutanunexpectedcallyoureceivedfromanoldfriend.Ifyourco­workeriscomplainingaboutyourboss, askwhetherhemetthenewemployee._17_Therefore, youcankeepusingit.Summarizethecomplaint.Ifyourcomplainerkeepsrepeatinghimself, hemaystopifyouprovethatyou'relistening.Asksomethinglike, “CanItellyouwhatI'veheardsofarandyouknowthatI'vegotit？”Using“I”statements (“I've heard.”) ratherthan“you”statementsshowsthatyou'reinterestedratherthantryingtoshutthepersondown._18_Challengethepersontoact.Whenacomplainerisalwaystellingyouaboutherlatestproblem, asknicelywhatshe'sdonetoimproveit.Thisisn'ttheusualdirectionthatacomplainingconversationtakes._19_Behonest.Whenyouhavethingstodo, tellthecomplainerthathemustcuttheconversationshort._20_Youcansimplybehonest, evensayingyouneedtomoveonsotheconversationdoesn'tbringyoudownespeciallyifit'ssomeonewho'scomplainedtoyoumanytimesbefore.AChangethesubject.BContinuethesubject.CYoudon'tneedanexcusetostopit.DTherefore, youcankeepcomplainingit.EHardasitmaybe, avoidsayingtheword“you”FHowever, thisdirectionmayhelptoshortlyendacomplaint.GThismethodisespeciallyeffectiveonthosewhoaremindlesslyexpressing.50分阅读提分练(五)第一节A【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了如何赢得纽约时报畅销书作家J.Elle的采访机会、J.Elle的书籍WingsofEbony以及J.Elle的相关信息。1答案与解析：C细节理解题。该题问的是获胜者会得到什么。根据关键句“InadditiontoyourprivateonlineZoominterview，youwillalsowinaprintcopyofherbook, WingsofEbony, aPDFcopyofthebook, andthechancetohaveyourinterviewpublishedinTeenInk.(第一段)”可知，获胜者会得到WingsofEbony这本书的PDF副本。故选C。2答案与解析：D细节理解题。该题问的是将根据参赛者的哪一方面选出获胜者。根据关键句“Wewillbechoosingthewinnerbasedonthesequestions，sodoyourbest！(HowtoEnter部分第三点)”可知，这场比赛将根据参赛者的问题选出获胜者。故选D。3答案与解析：B细节理解题。该题问的是什么为Elle写这本书赋予了灵感。根据关键句“Shedrewinspirationforthenovelfromherownexperiencegrowinguppoor, whichisclearlyreflectedinherbook.(AboutJ.Elle部分最后一句)”。可知，贫穷的成长经历为Elle写这本书赋予了灵感。故选B。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会社会进步个人梦想和时代发展【文章大意】该文讲述了作者小时候想要做女足球运动员，但是鲜有榜样可循，作者放弃了这一梦想。近年来随着时代的发展和社会的进步，女足得到了很大的发展，这意味着有足球梦想的女孩可以追求梦想。4答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“First，Iwanted，in1999，tobeafarmer，soonarchaeologist, thendrivinginstructorandsomewherealongtheway，footballer”可知，作者的职业目标一直在变化，故B项正确。5答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据第四段中的“I'dneverseenawomen'sfootballmatchonTV.Yousee，youcan'tbewhatyoucan'tsee”可以推断，作者没有在电视上看到过女性足球比赛，没有榜样可循，因此认为自己不能成为一名足球运动员，故D项正确。6答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第五段中的“but the rise in support shows the demand is there”可知，对女足的资助增多表明对女足有需求，由此可知B项正确。7答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。本文的中心句为“Itallowsyoutoseewhathasledyouhereand, hopefully，howsocietyhaschangedandimproved”。文章以作者想成为一名女足球运动员，却由于没有榜样可循而放弃切入话题，文章后半部分讲随着时代的发展，社会在进步，女足得到了更多的投资和关注，所以这篇文章主要想告诉我们随着时代的发展，社会在进步，故A项正确。C【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了影响人类智商的几种因素。8答案与解析：D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了智力与哪些因素有关。由此可知，本文的主题应为是什么造就了智商。故选D。9答案与解析：C写作目的题。根据第二段第二句“Fromtheirresearch，theyhavediscoveredthataslightlydifferentgeneismorecommoninthosewithahighIQ.”可知，RobertPlomin和他的同事们通过研究基因的组成发现一个不太相同的基因在高智商人群中更常见。由此可推知，作者使用数据是为了证实他们的发现。故选C。10答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheory，includingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors(因素)inintelligence.”可知，HowardGardner认为人的智力受多种因素影响。故选B。11答案与解析：B指代判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“Oneexampleistheideaofmultipleintelligences, whichwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyHarvardpsychologistHowardGardner.ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheory, includingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors(因素)inintelligence.”可知，多元智力理论就是一个例子，相比于智商理论，它提供一个更广阔的视野，(认为)决定智力的因素包含创造力和交流能力。由此可推知，This指的应是多元智力理论。故选B。D语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会食物科学用运动标签代替食物营养标签【文章大意】食物营养标签多使用专有名词，许多人对此感到困惑。拉夫堡大学的阿曼达·戴利教授领导的研究人员提出了一种名为“体育活动卡路里当量或支出”的标签系统，有望提醒人们注意运动与饮食的关系，从而减少肥胖。12答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段第三句可知，研究人员提出了一种替代方案：标注燃烧卡路里所需的运动量和类型。据此可知，与旧标签相比，现在的标签提供了运动建议，故A项正确。13答案与解析：A考查理解词汇的能力。根据第三段第一句中的“the data from 14 previous studies. food labelling”可知，研究人员汇总了先前14项研究的数据，这些研究比较了PACE标签与其他类型的食品标签，或根本没有食品标签的影响。据此可以判断，画线词意为“收集，汇总”，故A项正确。B项意为“分配”；C项意为“删除”；D项意为“证明”，都与文意不符。14答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据第四段第三句Beat的发言人所说的话可知，我们认为，关注体重而不是健康的反肥胖运动是无效的，建议更多的锻炼是一个无效的、过于简单的方法来解决一个复杂的问题。最紧迫的是，公共卫生运动必须考虑人们的心理和身体健康，从对肥胖的羞耻感转向建立信心和支持健康饮食的循证运动。据此可以判断，肥胖问题很复杂，应该从身体和心理上解决，故D项正确。15答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知，文章第一段为全文的主旨段，根据该段中的“Now，researchershavesuggestedburnoffthecalories”，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种名为“体育活动卡路里当量或支出”(PACE)的标签系统，这种全新的标签系统显示需要多少分钟或英里的体育活动来燃烧卡路里。故A项最适合作本文标题。第二节语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会人际交往如何让抱怨者停止抱怨【文章大意】本文主要介绍了让抱怨者停止抱怨的几种方法转换话题、总结抱怨、劝其做出改变、诚实。16答案与解析：A考查主旨句。结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了别人抱怨的时候，你可以选择转移话题，故A项适合作本段的主旨句。17答案与解析：G考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“如果你的同事抱怨你们老板，你可以询问他是否碰上了新员工”，再根据空后一句中的“因此，你可以一直用这个方法”可知，空处讲到的应该是这个方法是有效的，所以G项符合语境。18答案与解析：E考查总结句。空前一句表示用第一人称陈述而不是第二人称陈述可以表明你感兴趣而不是让他闭嘴，因此空处讲到的应该是对使用第二人称的评价，所以E项符合语境。19答案与解析：F考查总结句。结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲到了“当一个抱怨者总是告诉你她最近的问题时，好好问问她做了什么来改善情况。这不是抱怨谈话通常的方向”，因此空处讲到的应该是对这个做法的评价，且F项中的“this direction”与空前的direction呼应，故F项符合语境。20答案与解析：C考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“如果你有事情要忙，告诉抱怨者最好长话短说”，空后一句讲到了“你只需要诚实一些”，因此空处讲到的应该还是要诚实一些，不需要寻找理由，所以C项符合语境。