2022届新高考英语人教版二轮复习阅读理解题型分类练(八)主旨大意题-文章大意类.docx

阅读理解题型分类练(八)主旨大意题文章大意类A2021·潍坊市高三4月模拟IndreaminguptheprogrammeTennisandLiteracyforYouth, asamother, Ihadhopedtosharetwoofmypassions, tennisandreading, withchildren.Throughouttheyear, Ihadadvertisedforparticipantsatlocalelementaryschoolsandrecruited (招收) volunteersatlocalhighschools.Withthehelpofkindpeople, Iappliedformoney.Iwasevenabletosecureasitefortheprogram.Butonthefirstdayofcamp, inspiteofmycarefulplanning, thingsdidnotgothewayIhadhoped.HectorandAdrianexchangedblowswiththeirracquets (球拍).Hectorstruggledtohisfeetmomentslater, coveringabloodynosewithonehand.GeorgieandEduardothrewballsateachother.Thenduringreadingtime, Iracedfromjoylesschildtodemandingchild, unabletoconvinceevenonetoopenabook.TheywouldratherbewatchingNickelodeonathome, Elitoldme, than“learning stupid tennis and reading boring books”Idraggedmyselfhomethatafternoon.Thatevening, Icalledmyvolunteerstogetherforameeting, andredesignedtheentirecurriculum.Wecreatedagood­fellowsystem, whereeachvolunteerpairedwithacampertohelphimorherduringreadingtime.Toemphasizepraiseandprogress, weestablishedweeklyprizeceremonies, presentingawardsformostimprovedreading, tennisandbehavior.ThenMyleashutthebookandaskedme，“CanItakethistoreadittomymomtonight？”Peeringupathereagerface, Icouldn'thelpmyself.Ijumpedtomyfeetandwrappedherinahug, liftingherrightofftheground.“It'sallyours！”Isaid.Somehow, inthemidstofthechaosandtheschedulechangesandthemeetings, thesechildren, inbadmoodduringreadingtime, untouchedbooksintheirlaps, begantofindjoyinreadingastory.1Whathappenedthefirstdayoftheprogramme?AParticipantswatchedTVathome.BTheprogrammeworkedoutbadly.CVolunteersfailedtodotheirduties.DTheplanliveduptotheexpectation.2Whatdidtheauthordotomaketheprogrammeasuccess?ASherecruitednewvolunteers.BShereplacedthebooksused.CShemadeadjustmentstotheplan.DSheestablishedvolunteers'leadingpart.3WhydidtheauthorliftMyleaoffthegroundquickly?AShesensedsomethingwaswrong.BShethoughtMyleaneededcomfort.CMylea'sboredominreadingdiscouragedher.DMylea'sgreatpassionforreadingamazedher.4Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AAninitiativeofbeingvolunteers.BAninnovationtotheteachingmethod.CAninsightintohelpingkidsovercomedifficulties.DAnexperienceofintroducingreadingandtennistokids.B2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试一OnJanuary22nd, 2021, Chinasaidithasestablishedanewmonitoringandresearchcenterforgreenhousegasesandcarbonneutrality (碳中和) inordertocontributemoretofightingclimatechange.TheofficialannouncementoftheMonitoringandAssessmentCenterforGHGsandCarbonNeutrality(温室气体及碳中和监测评估中心) , locatedinBeijing, wasmadebytheChinaMeteorologicalAdministration.Itisexpectedtoplayavitalroleinprovidingbothtechnicalandscientificsupportforresearchers.Thecenterwillgathertopscientistsinthefieldbothathomeandabroad.Apartfromprovidingwaystoachievecarbonneutrality, itwillalsobehelpfultomaketechnologicalbreakthroughsinthenextthreetofiveyears.Thecenteristaskedwithcreatingasystemtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthecountry'seffortstofightclimatechange.Therecruitment(招募) ofstaffmembersisexpectedtobefinishedinthenexttwomonths.AscientificsteeringcommitteewillalsobestartedinApriltoguidethecenter'soperation.Chinaisdeterminedtomakeitscarbondioxideemissions (排放) peak (达到峰值) before2030andachievecarbonneutralitybefore2060.OneofthelessonsfromtheCOVID­19pandemicisthathumankindmustpursueagreendevelopmentpathandgreenlifestyle.ChinawillloweritscarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPbymorethan65percentfromthe2005levelandincreaseitsshareofnon­fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoaround25percent.By2030, Chinawillalsoincreaseitsforeststockby6billioncubicmetersfromthe2005level, andbringitstotalinstalledcapacity (装机容量) ofwindandsolarpowertoover1.2billionkilowatts.TheestablishmentofthecenterprovesChina'sdeterminationtopursueagreendevelopmentroad.It'saconcreteactionthatChinahastakentofighttheclimatechallenge.Carbonneutrality, oranet­zerocarbonfootprint, meansreachingabalancebetweencarbonemissionsandremovingpollutantsthroughcarbonsinksandotheroffsets(补偿).Chinahasspedupresearchanddevelopmentofequipmenttomonitorgreenhousegasesandcarbonneutralityandachievedencouragingresults.However, thereisstillalongwaytogotoreachthetopworldstandard.5WhydidChinastarttheCenter?AToproducemoregreenhousegases.BTogathermorescientistsworldwide.CTocontributemoretofightingclimatechange.DTointroducetopscientistsincarbonneutrality.6Whenwilltherecruitmentofthestaffprobablyfinish?AInJanuary.BInMarch.CInApril.DInMay.7HowsoonwillChinaachievecarbonneutralityaccordingtothepassage?AInabout9years.BInabout16years.CInabout39years.DInabout65years.8Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?AChina'snewcontributiontoclimatebattle.BChina'scarbondioxideemissionspeaking.CTheCenter'srecruitingnewmembers.DInstalledcapacityofwindandsolarpower.C2021·淄博市高三一模Severalyearsago, whensomeoneusedcameracoverstoprotectagainstpossiblemonitoring, itwasnotpopulartotalkaboutit.Today, peopleusevarioustypesoftapestocoverthewebcamerasandmicrophones.Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,_recordingeverythingtheydo.Suchprogramsmayinfectnotonlycomputersbutalsosmartphones.YourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivateinformationorbycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedthePegasusspywareto“provide authorized governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”Inmyopinion, thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated.Userstapecamerasandmicrophonesduetothelackofunderstandingofhowtheirdevicesworkandhowmalware (恶意软件) works.Hackersandevensecretservicesdonothaveenoughresourcestomonitorallvictimsusingcamerasormicrophones.Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation, theygetitbysendingatargetedmalwaretoyourdevice, whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattostealfrompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks, browserhistory, bankaccountsandmuchmore.Itisunwisetobelievethatattackerswillnotbeabletofindawaytospyonyou, evenifthedevice, dischargedtozero, canstilldeliverdataaboutyourlocation, usingthesmartphonesofthesurroundingpeopleassignalrepeaters.Letusfaceit, weliveinanerawhenitisextremelydifficulttohidesomething, andapieceoftapeisclearlynotthemostusefultoolinthestruggleforyourprivacy.Again, tobeabletospyonyou, attackersneedtoplantmalwareinyourdevice.Topreventmalwarefromenteringyourdevice, donotclicksuspectedlinksandemailattachments.Usestrongpasswordsforemail, socialmediaandonlinebankingaccounts.9Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?ACameras.BTypes.CPrograms.DDevices.10WhatisNSOGroup?AAgroupofhackers.BAcompanydevelopingspyware.CAgroupofterroristsandcriminals.DAcompanyfightingagainstcrime.11Whydoestheauthorthink“the protection technique is highly overestimated ” ?APeopleknowlittleabouttheirdevices.BHackershavenoaccesstoothers.CIthardlypreventsmalwarefromgettingprivacy.DItcan'tcoverthecamerascompletely.12Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AProtectingprivacyondevices.BRisingtrendofusingtapes.CMonitoringdevicesviacameras.DAvoidingclickingdistrustfullinks.阅读理解题型分类练(八)A【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与孩子们一起分享网球运动和阅读经历的故事。1答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据关键句“Butonthefirstdayofcamp，inspiteofmycarefulplanning，thingsdidnotgothewayIhadhoped.(第二段第一句)”可推知，计划实施的第一天进展并不顺利。故选B。2答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是关键句“Thatevening，Icalledmyvolunteerstogetherforameeting，andredesignedtheentirecurriculum.(第三段第二句)”可知，作者和志愿者们一起重新设计了整个课程，创建了一个好伙伴体制，每个志愿者都与一个露营者结对去帮助营员阅读，建立每周颁奖仪式等。由此可知，作者是对计划进行了调整才得以成功的。故选C。3答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句中的“CanItakethistoreadittomymomtonight？”可知，Mylea主动提出晚上要给妈妈读文章，作者看到她热切的脸，情不自禁地将她从地上举了起来。由此可推知，Mylea对于读书的极大热情让作者很吃惊，情不自禁地把她从地上举了起来。故选D。4答案与解析：D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者与孩子们分享阅读和网球运动的经历。故选D。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然环境保护中国温室气体及碳中和监测评估中心成立【文章大意】为了更好地应对气候变化，2021年1月22日，中国气象局在京启动运行温室气体及碳中和监测评估中心。5答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“OnJanuary22nd，2021.tofightingclimatechange”可知，中国成立该中心的目的是为应对环境变化贡献更多力量，故C项正确。6答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。根据第一段中的“OnJanuary22nd，2021.carbonneutrality(碳中和)”和第二段中的“Therecruitment(招募)ofstaffmembersisexpectedtobefinishedinthenexttwomonths”可以推断，招募工作预计在3月底完成，故B项正确。7答案与解析：C考查推断的能力。今年是2021年，再根据第三段中的“Chinaisdeterminedtomakeitscarbondioxideemissions(排放)peak(达到峰值).before2060”可知，大约39年之后中国会实现碳中和，故C项正确。8答案与解析：A考查理解文章大意的能力。根据本文的中心句“OnJanuary22nd，2021，Chinasaidithasestablished.fightingclimatechange”可知，本文主要讲述了为了更好地应对气候变化，中国气象局在京启动运行温室气体及碳中和监测评估中心，故A项正确。C【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今有很多间谍软件可以潜入设备来获取人们的隐私信息，并对如何保护设备上的隐私提出了一些建议。9答案与解析：D根据第二段第一句“There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do.”可知，有许多种间谍软件可以潜入我们的设备，并且秘密地监视它们，记录它们所做的一切。由此可推知，画线词them指代的是上文中提到的“设备”。故选D。10答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据关键句“YourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivateinformationorbycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedthePegasusspywaretoprovideauthorizedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime.(第二段第三句)”可知，NSOGroup是一家研发间谍软件的公司。故选B。11答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using cameras or microphones. If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted malware to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes.”可知，黑客甚至是隐私服务没有足够的资源来监控所有使用摄像机或麦克风的受害者。如果他们需要得到一些信息，他们就会通过发送目标恶意软件到你的设备从而得到它，这是这些胶带不能阻止的。由此可推知，保护技术几乎不能避免恶意软件窃取用户的隐私。故选C。12答案与解析：A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了当前有很多间谍软件可以通过潜入用户的设备来获取人们的隐私信息，并对如何保护设备上的隐私提出了一些建议。故选A。