2022高考英语二轮复习讲义及练习06动词的时态和语态(讲义)(四).docx
主动形式表示被动意义1. 有些动词如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等用作不及物 动词且表示主语的某种属性时,常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用,且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。 这些动词的主语一般是表物的词,且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点,这些句子的时态多用一般现在时 或一般将来时。如:This pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。The cloth washes well.这种布料耐洗。2动词need, require, want, be worth后加v.ing的主动结构表被动意义。My watch cant work; it needs repairing. 我的手表不能用了,需要修了。This film is really worth seeing. 这部电影的确值得看。The book is worth reading again.The book is worthy of being read again.The book is worthy to be read again.这本书值得再读一遍。3. 在主语be形容词不定式句型中,形容词后跟不定式作状语,而句子的主语又是动词不定式的 逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多,常用的有:amusing, cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, hard, important, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, funny, heavy, light等。That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答。4. 动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语,不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,同时又和句中另一 名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. 今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)I'll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to post? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗?(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系,只和前面letter构成动宾关系。)经典例题As time went on, Einsteins theory _ to be correct.A. provedB. provesC. is provedD. was proved【答案】 A【解析】句意:随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prove证明是,这里用作连系动词,要用主动形式表被动含义,故选A。