2022届新高考英语人教版二轮复习阅读理解技能保分练(三)推理判断题-隐含推断类、观点态度类.docx

阅读理解技能保分练(三)推理判断题隐含推断类、观点态度类A2021·太原市高三年级模拟考试Sometimeago, inmyclassIwasabouttofailastudentforhisanswertoaphysicsquestionwhenthestudentclaimedhedeservedabetterscore.Theexaminationquestionsounded“safe”，“Showhowitispossibletodeterminetheheightofatallbuildingwiththeaidofabarometer (气压表).”Thestudenthadanswered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower the barometer to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of the rope is the height of the building.”Iarguedthatahighgradeshouldprovehiscompetenceinphysics, buttheanswerdidnotconfirmthis.Isuggestedthatthestudenthaveanothertry.Immediately, heworkedouthisanswer: Asecondbestwayistotakethebarometertothetopofthebuilding.Dropthebarometer, timingitsfallwithastopwatch.Then, usingtheformulatocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.Iwasshockedbyhisanswer.HismethodgavemenotonlyabrokenbarometerbutaU­turninmyteachingphilosophy.Igavehimfullmarks.Onhisleavingmyoffice, Irecalledthathesuggestedtherecouldbeabetteranswer.SoIaskedhimwhatitwas.“Oh, yes，”saidthestudent.“Therearemanyways.Probablythebest，”hesaid, “istotakethebarometertothebasementandaskthesuperintendent (大楼的管理人).Youspeaktohimasfollows, Mr.Superintendent, hereIhaveafinebarometer.Ifyoutellmetheheightofthisbuilding, Iwillgiveittoyou.”Atthispoint, Iaskedthestudentifhereallydidnotknowtheconventionalanswertothisquestion.Headmittedthathedid, butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolinstructors'tryingtoteachhimhowtothink, andhowtousetheso­called“scientific method”.Hejustwantedtosolvetheprobleminapracticalmanner, notjustanswerthequestioninanexpectedway.Hearingthis, Ireallyhadnothingtodobutgivetheboyafirmhandshake, feelingthankfulthatIhadn'tfailedhiminthefirstplaceandevenmorethankfulthatneitherhadhe.1Whydidtheauthorwanttofailthestudentinthefirstplace?AThestudentchallengedhisauthority.BThestudent'sanswerwasnotpractical.CThestudentdidn'tshowhisacademicability.DThestudenthadapoorperformanceinphysicsclass.2Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'snewteachingphilosophy?AWithoutlove, thereisnoeducation.BAmanbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.CTeachingistomaketwoideasgrowwhereonlyonegrewbefore.DYoucanleadyourhorsetotheriver, butyoucan'tmakeitdrink.3Whatmadethestudentabandontheconventionalanswer?A.Lackofphysics­relatedknowledge.BIgnoranceoftheteacher'sexpectation.CIntentiontodeeplyimpresshisteacher.DDisapprovalofexistingteachingconcepts.4Whatcanweinferfromthetext?AThesuperintendentwasagreedyperson.BSchooleducationrestrictedthisstudent'sthinking.CTheteacherappreciatedthestudent'sanswerfinally.D.Theexaminationquestionisatoughphysicsproblem.B2021·洛阳市第三次统一考试Mostsolarpanelsacquiresunlightfromonlyoneside, meaningtheycanacquiremoreorlessofitdependingonwherethesunisinthesky.Inrecentyears, they'vebecomefarmoreeffectivetypicallyturningaround22percentofthelighttheyacquireintoenergy.InanewstudypublishedinthejournalJouleonTuesday, scientistsputforthawaytoincreasethatpercentageevenhigher: double­sidedsolarpanelsthatcanmovetofollowthesun.Basically, thesepanelscanacquiresunlightfromnotonlytheirsun­facingsidebutalsofromthelightreflectedoffthegroundontotheirdarkundersides.Atthesametime, aGPSallowsthemtomoveonanaxisfromeasttowestinordertoalwaysbepointedatabestangletoacquirethesun'srays.Thoughdouble­sidedsolarpanelsandsun­followingsolarpanelsarebothinusecurrently, modelsthatcombinethetwotechnologiesaren'twidelyavailableforcommercialuse.Solarexpertspredictexplosivegrowthinthemarketsoon, though.Thestudyauthorsdeterminedthatthesetwo­sidedsun­trackingpanelsproduceanaverageof35percentmoreenergythanimmobilesingle­panelsystems, andare16percentmorecost­efficient.Thatholdstrueevenwhenchangesinweatherconditionsareconsidered.“Thismeansthatinvestingindouble­sidedandtrackingsystemsshouldbeasafebetfortheforeseeablefuture，”CarlosD.Rodríguez­Gallegos, thestudy'sleadauthorsaid.Thesamewarningsforsolarpanelsandtheireffectonthelocalenvironmentapplytothedouble­sided, movingsystemsaswell, ifnotmoreso.Leadusedinsolarpanelscanbeonesourceoflocalpollution, andDustinMulvaney, anassociateprofessorofenvironmentalstudies, toldEartherinanemaildouble­sidedpanelscouldmean“twice as much lead as traditional solar systems”Sincethesenewpanelsaremoreenergyefficient, theycouldsavenotonlymoneybutalsoland.Thatwouldrequirerestructuringhowsolarcontractscurrentlywork.5Whatdomostsolarpanelsrelyontoacquiresunlight?ATheamountofsunlight.BThelocationofthesun.CThequalityofsolarpanels.DThesizeofsolarpanels.6Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inthesecondparagraphreferto?AThesun'srays.BThepanels'undersides.CThedouble­sidedpanels.DThepanels'sun­facingsides.7What'sCarlosD.Rodríguez­Gallegos'attitudetowardsthetwo­sidedsolarpanels?AUncertain.BSupportive.CDoubtful.DSubjective.8What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?ADouble­SidedSolarPanelsthatFollowtheSunBAdvantagesoftheDouble­SidedSolarPanelsCApplicationoftheDouble­SidedSolarPanelsDNewTrendsoftheDouble­SidedSolarPanelsC2021·郑州市第三次质量预测Tropical (热带的) rainforestsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate, andaccordingtoanewreportbyRainforestFoundationNorway, humansaretoblame.Theworld'sdependenceoncoal, farming, beans, palmoilandmininghasresultedintwo­thirdsofEarth'stropicalrainforestsbeingcompletelydestroyed, andtheremainingecosystemsbeingputclosertoatippingpoint.Tropicalrainforestsoncecovered14.5millionsquarekilometersofEarth'ssurface, butnow, justone­thirdofthemremainundamaged.Oftheoriginalareatropicalrainforestsonceoccupied, 34%iscompletelygoneand30%issufferingfromdamage.Allthatremainsisroughly9.5millionsquarekilometers, and45%ofthatisinadegraded (恶化的) state, thereportsays.Researchersblamehumanconsumptionfortheloss.Whileagriculturehasalwaysbeenadrivingfactorofrainforestloss, thereportsaysthatenergyconsumption, internationaltradeandtheproductionofbeansandpalmoil, loggingandmininghavebeenthelargestthreats (威胁) overthepastcentury.AsignificantnumberofUSproductsrelyonresourcesfromtropicalrainforests.Thecountryheavilyreliesonpalmoil, rubberandcocoa, allofwhichcomefromforestsaroundtheworld.Often, theseresourcesareharvestedfromillegallydestroyedlands.TropicalrainforestsarehometomorethanhalfoftheEarth'sbiodiversityandhavemorecarboninlivingorganismsthananyotherecosystem.Inadditiontosupportingsignificantanimallife, tropicalrainforestsarealsonecessaryforslowingdownglobalwarming.“Theseuniqueecosystemsaresufferingfromconstantabuse, throughourbottomlessappetiteforlandandresources，”saidAndersKrogh, theauthorofthereport.“We expect that upcoming UN climate and biodiversity summits provide specific targets and measures to protect tropical rainforests.”Theresearchersalsobelievethatthelossoftropicalrainforestsputsthewholeworldattheriskoffuturediseases.“Hugedeforestation (毁林) isviolatingnature'snaturalvirusprotectionsystems，”Kroghsaid.“TheoutbreakofCOVID­19shouldbringrainforestprotectiontothetopoftheagendaofallpolicymakersandworldleadersconcernedaboutpreventingtheoutbreakofnewdiseases.”9WhyarethedatalistedinParagraph2?AToshowtheseriouslossoftropicalrainforests.BTopresenttheprocessofrainforestdegradation.CTostresstheroleofrainforestsintheecosystems.DToexplainthereasonforthedisappearanceofrainforests.10Whatleadstothedecreaseofrainforests?AThetraditionalmethodoffarming.BGlobalimbalanceofinternationaltrade.CTheworld'smuchdependenceoncleanenergy.DHumanunreasonableconsumptionofrainforestresources.11Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?AThelossofrainforestswilldestroythefuturegenerations.BImmediateattentionshouldbepaidtoprotectingrainforests.CThedisappearanceofrainforestshasacceleratedthespreadofthevirus.DPoliticiansareconcernedaboutpreventingtheoutbreakofnewdiseases.12Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?ATropicalrainforestsaredecliningBRainforestsslowdownglobalwarmingCHumansaretopayforthelossofrainforestsDWorldleadersareactingtoprotectrainforests阅读理解技能保分练（三）A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我自我反思教学经历引发的思考【文章大意】前段时间，因为一个学生的答案另辟蹊径，我想给他不及格的成绩，但是他又给出了不同的答案还向我解释了他给出这些答案的原因。这促使我的教学理念发生了变化：要接纳不同的解题方法。1答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段中的“I argued that.did not confirm this”可知，原因是他没有表现出他的学术能力，故选C。2答案与解析：C考查推断的能力。由第二段中的“Iarguedthatahighgradeshouldprovehiscompetenceinphysics，buttheanswerdidnotconfirmthis”及第三段中的“Iwasshockedbyhisanswer.HismethodgavemenotonlyabrokenbarometerbutaU­turninmyteachingphilosophy”可推知，这个学生的答案给了我启发：同一个问题可以有不同的解法，因此选C。3答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。由题干中的conventionalanswer定位到第五段，由第五段中的“Headmittedthathedid, butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolinstructors'tryingtoteachhimhowtothink, andhowtousetheso­calledscientificmethod”可知，他之所以放弃了传统的答案，是因为他对老师所教授的传统的方法和所谓的科学方法感到厌烦，故选D。4答案与解析：C考查推断的能力。由第五段中的“Hearing this, I really had nothing to do but give the boy a firm handshake, feeling thankful that I hadn't failed him in the first place and even more thankful that neither had he”可知，作者最终对学生的答案表示认同，而且很庆幸自己最初没有判定学生的成绩为不及格，故选C。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会科技发展双面太阳能电池板【文章大意】文章主要介绍了一种双面太阳能电池板，这些太阳能板不仅可以从朝向太阳的那一面获取阳光，还可以从地面反射到其背面的光线中获取阳光。文章还介绍了其工作方式、应用前景以及使用材料中的铅对环境的污染等。5答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Most solar panels acquire sunlight from only one side, meaning they can acquire more or less of it depending on where the sun is in the sky”可知，大多数太阳能电池板依靠太阳的位置来获取阳光。故B项正确。6答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据第一段中的“scientistsputforthawaytoincreasethatpercentageevenhigher: double­sidedsolarpanelsthatcanmovetofollowthesun”以及第二段首句可知，在GPS的指引下太阳能的双面面板可以沿着一条轴线从东到西移动，以便始终从最佳角度来获取太阳光线。故画线词指的是“双面面板”。故C项正确。7答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。根据第四段可知，该研究的主要作者CarlosD.Rodríguez­Gallegos很看好双面太阳能板的未来前景，认为投资它应该是一个安全的选择。由此可推知，CarlosDRodríguez­Gallegos对双面太阳能板持支持态度。故B项正确。8答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。本文主要介绍了一种双面太阳能电池板，它不仅可以从朝着太阳的那一面获取阳光，还可以从地面反射到其背面的光线中获取阳光。文章还介绍了其工作方式、应用前景和对环境的影响等。由此可知，A选项“跟随太阳移动的双面太阳能电池板”最适合作文章标题。故A项正确。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然自然保护热带雨林【文章大意】本文主要讲述了热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失、造成这一现象的原因、热带雨林的重要作用及其消失可能带来的后果等。9答案与解析：A考查理解目的的能力。本段讲到了“热带雨林曾经覆盖地球表面1450万平方公里，但现在，其中只有三分之一未被破坏。在原有的热带雨林中，34%完全消失了，30%受到了破坏。报告称，剩下的热带雨林大约为950万平方公里，其中45%处于退化状态”，作者用数据证实了热带雨林面临的严重损失，故A项正确。10答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“A significant number of US products rely on resources from tropical rainforests.Often, these resources are harvested from illegally destroyed lands”可知，热带雨林消失的主要原因在于人类对于热带雨林资源的不合理索取，故D项正确。11答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。根据最后一段中的“TheoutbreakofCOVID­19shouldbringrainforestprotectiontothetopoftheagendaofallpolicymakersandworldleadersconcernedaboutpreventingtheoutbreakofnewdiseases”可以推断，政策制定者和国家领导们应该将热带雨林保护提上议程，马上采取行动，故B项正确。12答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据本文内容尤其是第一段中的“Tropical（热带的）rainforestsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate”可知，本文主要说明了热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失，故A项最适合作本文的标题。