2022高考英语二轮复习讲义及练习08情态动词和虚拟语气(讲义)(一).docx

考点【考纲解读】1. 掌握can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to, need, dare, be able to, used to等情态动词的基本用法。2. 掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。【命题趋势】情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。预计在以后的高考中，可能会对情态动词和虚拟语气进行考查，且还可能通过虚拟语气形式考查某种时态的某个形式。考向1 情态动词一、 can, could 与 be able to 1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2. 表示请求和允许。 Can I go now? Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3. 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 经典例题 1. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。 2. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“能够”。故答案为C。句意：塞缪尔我们班个子最高的男孩能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。二、 may, might 1. 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。 Might/ May I smoke in this room? No, you mustnt. May/Might I take this book out of the room? Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。 2. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 经典例题You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.A. should B. need C. shall D. may【参考答案】D【答案解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。三、 must, have to 1. 表示必须、必要You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）。Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. /No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2. must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。 must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. 3. must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句） Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.特别提示：must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用dont have to或neednt。而不用mustnt。 Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？No, you dont have to/ neednt. 不，你不必。can和must在表推测时，can一般用于否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。It can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 It must be Li Lei. 那个人肯定是李磊。经典例题1.Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【参考答案】C【答案解析】句意：你不能再多待会儿吗?很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许； can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。2. You _be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D. will【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，可推断此处是说，你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A 。may可能；can能够，有时会；will会，愿意。四、 dare, need 1. dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 How dare you say Im unfair? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If we dared not go there that day，we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 2. need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 注意： dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 I dare to swim across this river. He doesnt dare (to) answer. He needs to finish his homework today.五、 shall, should 1. shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2. shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) He shall be punished.(威胁) 3should表示义务、职责等，意为应该。You should be strict with yourself as an officer. 作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。六、 will, would 1. 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习 惯”的含义。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.The wound would not heal.经典例题 As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not to let me.【参考答案】删除let前的to【答案解析】would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。七、 should, ought to 1. should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. 2. 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 You should / ought to go to class right away.Should I open the window? 3. 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) This is where the oil must be.(直爽) This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)