精品解析：黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语试题（解析版）.doc
鹤岗一中20202021学年度高一上学期期末考试试题英语考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWelcome to Edinburgh, the world's leading festival city.Edinburgh International Science FestivalTime: 6 April to 20 AprilEdinburgh International Science Festival, founded in 1983, is the world's first public science festival. The two-week festival gives audiences amazing experiences through a diverse program of inspiring events. Alongside the annual festival in Edinburgh, the organization has a strong focus on education and runs a touring program that visits schools around Scotland throughout the year.Edinburgh International Book FestivalTime: 10 August to 20 AugustEdinburgh International Book Festival is the largest public celebration of the written word in the world, which was first held in 1997. Every August around 1,000 writers and thinkers from across the world gather with the audiences in Edinburg. Here book lovers can rub shoulders with world-renowned authors - or just relax in the sunshine with a deckchair, a drink and a favorite read.Scottish International Storytelling FestivalTime: 19 October to 31 OctoberBeginning in 1989, the Scottish International Storytelling Festival is the largest storytelling event in the world. Drawing heavily on traditional tale-tellers from Scotland as well as international guests with stories from their own cultures, the festival is a very special celebration of the oral tradition. Skilled storytellers draw their audiences in, bringing together past and present, real and unreal, for an attractive 10 days.Edinburgh International Children's FestivalTime: 25 May to 2 JuneEdinburgh International Children's Festival is the one dedicated specifically to children. It brings some of the world's best theatre, dance and plays made for young people to Edinburgh for nine days of inspiring and entertaining shows and special events. The Festival began in 1980 and is now spread over 10 activity fields, attracting a loyal audience of 10,000 families, schools and artists.1. What is the duration of Edinburgh International Science Festival?A. About one week.B. Less than 10 days.C. About two weeks.D. More than half a month.2. What can the tourists do in Edinburgh International Book Festival?A. Meet world-famous authors.B. Buy all their favorite books.C. Relax by listening to stories.D. Share stories with audiences.3. Which festival has the longest history?A. Edinburgh International Science Festival.B. Edinburgh International Book Festival.C. Scottish International Storytelling Festival.D. Edinburgh International Children's Festival.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在爱丁堡举行的四项节日活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Edinburgh International Science Festival Time: 6 April to 20 April可知，这个节日持续时间大约为两周。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Edinburgh International Book Festival中的Here book lovers can rub shoulders with world-renowned authors(在这里，书迷们可以与世界著名的作家们亲密接触。)可知，在爱丁堡国际图书节游客可以接触到一些著名作家。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据四个节日的起始时间可知，最早的是Edinburgh International Childrens Festival。故选D。BPerhaps no one knows the power of imagination better than Chinese writer Liu Cixin. Until four years ago, Liu worked full-time as a computer engineer at a power plant in Shanxi province. He only wrote science fiction in his spare time. But it was during this time that Lius imagination took flight.But even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, 55, probably hadnt expected that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fictions highest prize, in 2015. Perhaps neither did he think that former US president Barack Obama would read his novel The Three-Body Problem, nor that on Nov 9 in Washington DC, he would win the 2018 Arthur CClarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society. Its the first time a Chinese writer has ever won the award.In his acceptance speech, Liu said that he owed his imagination to Arthur CClarke , a famous UK sci-fi author. He said that reading Clarkes classic novel : A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s had a great effect on him.“My mind opened up like never before. I felt like a narrow river finally seeing the sea,” Liu said. “That night, in my eyes, the starry sky was completely different from the past. For the first time in my life, I was awed (使敬畏) by the mystery of the universe.”But no matter how far away Lius imagination takes him, somehow his novels always stay rational. For example, in The Wandering Earth, Liu looks ahead to the day when our solar system comes to an end and humans have to look for a new place to live. However, all his visions and solutions are based on “hard science”. Lius works arent simply daydreams.4. What do we know about Liu Cixin?A. He became a full-time writer when he was young.B. He dreamed about wandering in space from childhood.C. He is the first Asian to win the Arthur CClarke Award.D. He is the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award.5. Liu Cixins words are used mainly to show _.A. his interest in mysteries of the universeB. his love of reading science fictionC. his confusion when he started writingD. his feeling after reading Clarkes work6. Why did the author mention The Three-Body Problem and The Wandering Earth?A. To compare the different writing styles in the two books.B. To explain how Liu Cixin came up with his ideas.C. To show that Liu Cixin has a powerful imagination.D. To prove that Liu Cixins works relate science to reality.7. Whats the text mainly about?A. Liu Cixins achievements and writing style.B. Liu Cixins contributions to science fiction.C. How Liu Cixin became a sci-fi writer.D. How Liu Cixin started a new sci-fi style.【答案】4. D 5. D 6. D 7. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作家刘慈欣的成就和写作风格。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“But even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, 55, probably hadnt expected that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fictions highest prize, in 2015.（但即使拥有如此强大的想象力，55岁的刘慈欣可能也没有想到自己会在2015年成为首位获得雨果奖的亚洲人,雨果奖是科幻小说的最高奖项。）”可知，刘慈欣是首位获得雨果奖的亚洲人。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“He said that reading Clarkes classic novel : A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s had a great effect on him.（他表示，阅读克拉克的经典小说20世纪80年代早期太空漫游对他产生了很大影响）”倒数第二段“My mind opened up like never before. I felt like a narrow river finally seeing the sea,” Liu said. “That night, in my eyes, the starry sky was completely different from the past. For the first time in my life, I was awed (使敬畏) by the mystery of the universe.”（ “我的思想前所未有地开阔了。我觉得自己就像一条狭窄的河流，终于看到了大海。刘说，“那晚，在我眼里，繁星点点的天空与过去完全不同。我有生以来第一次对宇宙的神秘感到敬畏。”）”可推知，刘慈欣的话主要是用来表达他看完Clarke作品后的感受。故选D。6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“But no matter how far away Lius imagination takes him, somehow his novels always stay rational.For example, in The Wandering Earth, Liu looks ahead to the day when our solar system comes to an end and humans have to look for a new place to live. However, all his visions and solutions are based on “hard science”. Lius works arent simply daydreams.（但无论刘的想象力走得多远，他的小说始终保持着理性。例如，在流浪地球中，刘慈欣展望了太阳系灭亡、人类不得不寻找新的居住地的那一天。然而，他所有的愿景和解决方案都建立在“硬科学”的基础上。刘慈欣的作品不仅仅是白日梦。）”可知，作者提到刘慈欣的这两本书，是为了证明刘慈欣的作品是科学与现实相联系的。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段“Perhaps no one knows the power of imagination better than Chinese writer Liu Cixin. Until four years ago He only wrote science fiction in his spare time. But it was during this time that Lius imagination took flight.（也许没有人比中国作家刘慈欣更了解想象力的力量。直到四年前；他只在业余时间写科幻小说。但正是在这段时间里，刘慈欣的想象力开始飞翔。）”和根据第二段“But even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, 55, probably hadnt expected that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fictions highest prize, in 2015.（但即使拥有如此强大的想象力，55岁的刘慈欣可能也没有想到自己会在2015年成为首位获得雨果奖的亚洲人,雨果奖是科幻小说的最高奖项。）可知，本文主要讲述了作家刘慈欣的成就和写作风格。故选A。CMore and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governments. Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers. Qinghai Lake is also the country's biggest saltwater lake. Located in Northwest China's Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest pointCormorant Island and Egg Island. The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds. The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called“Bird Islands”Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the QinghaiTibet Plateau starts to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and birds eggs can be found everywhere. Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world famous symbol of the lake.To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake Natural Protection Zone at the end of 1997.Meanwhile, the State has pointed out the Bird Islands and Spring bay of the Qinghai Lake as central protection zones.Inspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake, improving local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds. At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds' nestbuilding, egglaying and breeding. As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding.8. Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest saltwater lake in the Great Northwest?A. Because it is getting warmer and warmer.B. Because it is being reformedC. Because environments there are getting more and more agreeable for them to live in.D. Because the people there are becoming richer and richer9. The birds feed on_according to the passage.A. floating fish and various grassB. grass moving on the water surface and different kinds of fishC. salt water and plenty of grainsD. corn from the local farmers10. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The ice and snow covering the QinghaiTibet Plateau doesn't change into water, unless more than 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands.B. Flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over islands to lay eggs.C. Visitors can listen to the singing of birds from miles away, but they couldn't see any birdD. “The ice on the Plateau begins to change into water” means spring is coming.11. The officials go around the lake mainly to_.A. let the farmers there know the animal protection lawB. tell the farmers there some knowledge about animal protectionC. call on people to love and protect the birdsD. all of the above【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。在地方政府的保护下，越来越多的鸟类飞到中国内陆最高的湖泊之一青海湖定居。这里的自然环境得到了极大的改善。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“More and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governments.The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds.”可知多亏了当地政府的保护，越来越多的鸟儿迁徙到 青海湖，这两个岛屿有大量的浮草和各种鱼群，为鸟类提供了丰富的食物来源。也可推知，为什么越来越多的鸟来到大西北最大的咸水湖是因为那里的环境越来越适合它们居住。故选 C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds.”可知，这两个岛屿有大量的浮草和各种鱼群，为鸟类提供了丰富的食物来源。所欲鸟儿是以水草和鱼儿为食的，故选 B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the QinghaiTibet Plateau starts to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. ”可知，每年3月和4月，当覆盖青藏高原的冰雪开始融化时，20多种鸟类会飞到鸟岛产卵。这意味着春天的到来。故答案 D 是正 确的。故选D项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Inspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake, improving local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds. ”可知，巡查人员和管理人员经常在湖边巡逻，提高当地居民对相关法律的了解，并向游客传播动物保护知识。他们正在努力呼吁人们爱护和保护这些鸟。ABC 选项均为正确的，故选 D。DDo you like spicy food?Whats your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili-red pepper-in their dinner while others cant get enough of it.Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chili is related to childhood experiences, and cultural influences affect our taste buds too. But the latest study has found that a persons love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.“We have always assumed that liking drives intake-we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect these personality traits with intake of chili peppers,”said Professor John Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study.But before you look at the study, you should first know that “spicy” is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty. It is, in fact, a burning sensation that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by peoples longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about certain traits of their personality, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin, the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it.By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and what participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason some people can withstand spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. “Its not that it doesnt burn as badly, its that you actually learn to like the burn,” Hayes explained.12. Whats the meaning of the underlined word “loathe” in the second paragraph?A. dislikeB. fearC. put up withD. adapt to13. What did Professor John Hayes and his team discover from their study?A. what we eat actually helps to develop our personalitiesB. Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than femalesC. Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy foodD. People are wrong to treat spicy as a kind of taste rather than a feeling14. Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study?A. Because their taste buds have become less sensiti
