专题02 阅读理解B篇（记叙文）-2023年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）含答案.pdf

专题专题 02 阅读理解阅读理解 B 篇（记叙文）篇（记叙文）（2023新高考卷新高考卷 I 阅读理解阅读理解 B 篇）篇）When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A ditry stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污 泥).First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.Over the years John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,”he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A.He was fond of traveling.B.He enjoyed being alone.C.He had an inquiring mind.D.He longed to be a doctor.25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A.To feed the animals.B.To build an ecosystem.C.To protect the plants.D.To test the eco-machine.26.What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A.To review Johns research plans.B.To show an application of Johns idea.C.To compare Johns different jobs.D.To erase doubts about Johns invention.27.What is the basis for Johns work?A.Nature can repair itself.B.Organisms need water to survive.,专题02 阅读理解B篇（记叙文）-2023年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）C.Life on Earth is diverse.D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.（2023新高考卷新高考卷 II 阅读理解阅读理解 B 篇）篇）Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills,environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillos students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,”she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.”Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts classes,at two middle schools and two high schools,include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection,tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden.Several times a year,students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now theyre eating differently,”Jaramillo says.She adds that the programs benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillos special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,”she says,“and they feel successful.”24.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A.She used to be a health worker.B.She grew up in a low-income family.C.She owns a fast food restaurant.D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.25.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A.The kids parents distrusted her.B.Students had little time for her classes.C.Some kids disliked garden work.D.There was no space for school gardens.26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?A.Far-reaching.B.Predictable.C.Short-lived.D.Unidentifiable.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Rescuing School GardensB.Experiencing Country LifeC.Growing Vegetable LoversD.Changing Local Landscape【命题意图】【命题意图】试卷所选阅读语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境，不仅注重知识及能力的考查，而且考查学生的文化意识及思维品质。2023 年新课标 I 卷阅读理解 B 篇讲述了 John Todd 从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水，旨在培养崇尚发明创造的品质，同时促进学生环境保护意识的形成。2023 年新课标 II 卷阅读理解 B 篇讲述了 Abby Jaramillo 等老师在低收入学校发起的 Urban Sprouts 花园项目，该语篇旨在引导学生形成热爱劳动的观念，在实践中养成劳动意识和劳动习惯。以及培养培养学环保意识以及健康生活方式,让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。【考查要点】【考查要点】2023 年新课标 I 卷阅读 B 篇讲述一种新的科技发明，主要考查学生定位信息能力、细节理解能力和推理判断能力；细节理解题 2 小题，推理判断题 2 小题。2023 年新课标 II 卷阅读 B 篇，主要讲述了学校园艺项目Urban Sprouts 的发起目的以及对学生产生的积极影响。主要考查学生细节理解能力和推理判断能力、把握主旨大意能力。细节理解题 1 道小题，推理判断题 2 道，主旨大意题 1 道。【课标链接】【课标链接】依据新课程标准阅读理解部分试题考查的就是对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解和推断能力。深入考查基础语言知识旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语言知识，了解基础文化知识；引导学生深入学习和理解语篇所表达的主题意义，养成一定的语言意识和英语语感。【1】（2022新高考卷新高考卷 I 阅读理解阅读理解 B 篇）篇）Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula(芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against the moral grain,”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away from“ugly”(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand,lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him,its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just dont think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,”Curtin says.24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally at times.C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wasting food.25.What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A.Moral decline.B.Environmental harm.C.Energy shortage.D.Worldwide starvation.26.What does Curtins company do?A.It produces kitchen equipment.B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.27.What does Curtin suggest people do?A.Buy only what is needed.B.Reduce food consumption.C.Go shopping once a week.D.Eat in restaurants less often.【2】（2022新高考卷新高考卷 II 阅读理解阅读理解 B 篇）篇）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling,with many new multimedia tools.Many young people dont even realize its new.For them,its just normal.This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.I had brought a childrens book to read.It had simple words and colorful pictures a perfect match for his age.Picture this:my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.As I read,he reaches out and pokes(戳)the page with his finger.Whats up with that?He just likes the pictures,I thought.Then I turned the page and continued.He poked the page even harder.I nearly dropped the book.I was confused:Is there something wrong with this kid?Then I realized what was happening.He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.He thought my storybook was like that.Sorry,kid.This book is not part of your high-tech world.Its an outdated,lifeless thing.An antique,like your grandfather.Well,I may be old,but Im not hopelessly challenged,digitally speaking.I edit video and produce audio.I use mobile payment.Ive even built websites.Theres one notable gap in my new-media experience,however:Ive spent little time in front of a camera,since I have a face made for radio.But that didnt stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province.Anyway,grandpa is now an internet star two minutes of fame!I promise not to let it go to my head.But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.24.What do the underlined words“hit home for me”mean in paragraph 2?A.Provided shelter for me.B.Became very clear to me.C.Took the pressure off me.D.Worked quite well on me.25.Why did the kid poke the storybook?A.He took it for a tablet computer.B.He disliked the colorful pictures.C.He was angry with his grandpa.D.He wanted to read it by himself.26.What does the author think of himself?A.Socially ambitious.B.Physically attractive.C.Financially independent.D.Digitally competent.27.What can we learn about the author as a journalist?A.He lacks experience in his job.B.He seldom appears on television.C.He manages a video department.D.He often interviews internet stars.【3】（2021新高考卷新高考卷 I 阅读理解阅读理解 B 篇）篇）By day,Robert Titterton is a lawyer.In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova not as a musician but as her page turner.“Im not a trained musician,but Ive learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the groups official page turner for the past four years.His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesnt have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.“A lot of skills are needed for the job.You have to make sure you dont turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.”Mr Titterton explained.Being a page turner requires plenty of practice.Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns,including back turns for repeat passages.Silent onstage communication is key,and each pianist has their own style of“nodding”to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.But like all performances,there are moments when things go wrong.“I was turning the page to get ready for the next page,but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,”Mr Titterton said,“Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists,although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.“My husband is the worst page turner,”she laughed.“Hes interested in the music,feeling every note,and I have to say:Turn,turn!“Robert is the best page turner Ive had in my entire life.”24.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?A.Read music.B.Play the piano.C.Sing songs.D.Fix the instruments.25.Which of the following best describes Tittertons job on stage?A.Boring.B.Well-paid.C.Demanding.D.Dangerous.26.What does Titterton need to practise?A.Counting the pages.B.Recognizing the“nodding”.C.Catching falling objects.D.Performing in his own style.27.Why is Ms Raspopovas husband“the worse page turner”?A.He has very poor eyesight.B.He ignores the audience.C.He has no interest in music.D.He forgets to do his job.【4】（2021新高考卷新高考卷 II 阅读理解阅读理解 B 篇）篇）I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo,Paris for 11 years.Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here.Globally,a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos dont make it to adulthood,so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.Ive got two childrenthe younger one,Kynan,was extremely happy about the tigers arriving-but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow.I wasnt worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids.These were cubs.They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.As they grew more mobile,we let them move freely around the house during the day,but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room,otherwise theyd get up to mischief.Wed come down in the morning to find theyd turned the room upside down,and left it looking like a zoo.Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them.There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.I was grateful that my family was there to help.We had to have a bit of a production line going,making up“tiger milk”,washing baby bottles,and cleaning the floors.When Spot and Stripe were four months old,they were learning how to open doors and jump fences,and we knew it really was time for them to go.It was hard for us to finally part with them.For the first few days,Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs werent there.Im not sad about it.Im hands-on with them every day at the zoo,and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.24.Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?A.To ensure their survival.B.To observe their differences.C.To teach them life skills.D.To let them play with his kids.25.What do the underlined words“get up to mischief”mean in paragraph 3?A.Behave badly.B.Lose their way.C.Sleep soundly.D.Miss their mom.26.What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?A.Boring.B.Tiring.C.Costly.D.Risky.27.Why did the