初中英语人教新目标八年级上册 Unit 9 Can you come to my party知识梳理.doc

八年级英语上册Unit 9 单元知识梳理【Useful expressions】prepare for 为做准备another time 其他时间hang out 闲逛go to the doctor 去看医生the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天look after 照顾，照看turn down 拒绝，调小take a trip 去旅行help out 解决问题look forward to 期待，期盼hear from sb.收到某人来信come to the party参加聚会have the flu患流感too much homework太多的家庭作业study for a test备考notuntil 直到.才.accept an invitation接受邀请at the end of this month在这个月末go to the concert去听音乐会【Target sentences】1.Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?Sure, Id love to./ Sorry, I cant.I have to prepare for an exam.2.Can you go to the movies tomorrow night？Sure.That sounds great.Im afraid not.I have the flu.3.Can he go to the party?No, he cant.He has to help his parents.4.Can she go to the baseball game?No.shes not available.She must go to the doctor.5.Can they go to the movies?No, theyre not free.They might have to meet their friends.6. Whats today? Its Monday the 14th.7. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.8. Whats the date today? Its December 23rd.9. Whats today?Its Wednesday the 23rd.10.I remember we went bike riding together last fall when he visited you.11.Oh, but Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday12.Bring Ms.Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.13.I look forward to hearing from you all.【Language points】1.prepare for an examprepare for 为做准备prepare sth.“准备某物”，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。prepare for sth.“为做准备”，指为后面的宾语做准备prepare to do sth.“准备做某事”.I have to prepare for next weeks speech contest.exam n.考试(1) exam作可数名词，是examination的简写形式。前面用不定冠词修饰时，应用an。(2) exam相关短语有：take/have an exam参加考试pass an exam通过考试；考试及格fail an exam考试不及格【易混辨析】exam与test：2.have the fluhave the flu意为“患流感”，此处have表示“患病”的意思。类似的短语还有：3.Im not available.available adj.有空的；可获得的(1) available在此处意为“有空的”，与free意思相同，常在句中作表语。We are available tonight.Lets go for a walk.(2) available还可意为“可获得的；可用的”。Tickets are available from the box office(售票处).【拓展】 常用来表示拒绝的方式还有：Sorry, but I cant.对不起，我不能。Sorry, Im not free/available.对不起，我没有时间。Im afraid 我恐怕4.Id love to come, but Im afraid I cant.（1）Id love to, but 意为“我愿意，但是”，用来表示委婉地拒绝对方的邀请，其中不定式符号to不能省略。 Would you like to show it to me? Id love to, but Im a little busy now.（2）Im afraid 表示“我恐怕”，用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。常用Im afraid so“恐怕如此”表示肯定；用Im afraid not “恐怕不行”表示否定。Im afraid (that) its not finished yet. Is it going to rain tomorrow? Im afraid so./ Im afraid not.5.Oh, but Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday.until conj.& prep.到时；直到为止(1) until在本句中作介词，其用法有： 与延续性动词连用，表示动作或状态一直持续到 某时为止。 与短暂性动词连用，常用于否定句，与not构成not until结构，表示“直到才”。I watched TV until 11 oclock last night.I didn't go to sleep unitl 11 o'clock last night. (2) until作连词，表示动作、状态一直延续到另一动作或状态出现。They try again and again until they succeed.We have to wait until the light turns green.6.Can you hang out with us on Monday night?Can you hang out with us on Monday night?My brother likes reading and he often hangs out at the bookshop.We seldom hang out at weekends recently.【拓展】 hang的用法:I hung the picture on the wall.He was hanged during the war.7.Catch you on Monday. catch you常用于口语，意为“再见：回头见”，相当于see you。(1) catch作动词，过去式为caught，意为“及时赶上；接住；抓住”。Be quick, or well fail to catch the school bus.Can you catch the ball in one hand?(2) catch还可意为“感染上”。catch a cold“患感冒”。(3) catch的相关短语：catch the train 赶火车catch up with 跟上，赶上；catch ones eye 引起某人注意 As long as I work hard, I have to be able to catch up with you.Today, I wore a new suit.Catch classmates' eyes.8.Invitinginvite 用作动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有：My best friend invited me to her birthday party.Yesterday Anna invited me to watch the film.【拓展】invitation n.请柬；请帖；邀请Thanks for your invitation.Accept an invitation 接受邀请Turn down /Refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请9.Accepting【易混辨析】accept 与 receiveaccept：接受；表示主观上愿意接受。receive：收到；表示客观上收到，但不一定会接受。I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.10.Refusingrefuse作动词，意为“拒绝”，与accept互为反义词。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。Jenny refused my help politely.The children refused to give up hope when in trouble.11. Whats today? Its“Whats today?”用来询问今天是星期几，几号。回答时通常用星期和日期，也可用节日。 Whats today? Its Childrens Day, June 1st.【拓展】(1) “Whats the date today?”用来询问具体日期,回答时要用日期。 Whats the date today? Its May 1st.(2) “What day is it today?” 用来询问今天是星期几。 What day is it today? Its Tuesday.12.look after his sisterlook after = take care of ，意为“照顾；照料”。表示“好好照顾”常用look after well或take good care of。I have to look after my little sister because my mother is not at home.Please look after yourself well.= Please take good care of yourself.look的相关短语还有：13.turn down an invitationturn down 意为“拒绝”，相当于 refuse。turn down为“动词+副词”型短语，代词作宾语时，必须放在turn和down之间。I turned down her help because I could finish it myself.They offered her a job but she turned it down.turn down还可表示“调低（音量、温度等）”。反义词组是turn up“调高（音量、温度等）”。Can I turn down the TV.Please turn up the CD, we can't hear it clearly 14.Replyreply作动词，意为“回答；答复”，过去式为replied。其用法如下：He is busy checking and replying to emails.The salesgirl(女售货员) replied with a smile.She replied that she had changed her mind.15.Im sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.”【易混辨析】see sb.do sth.与 see sb.doing sth.I often see the boy play basketball in the park.When I looked out of the window, I saw a bird standing in the tree.16.My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month (1)take a trip意为“去旅行”，后接地点时，要加介词to，同义短语为 go on a trip。We decided to take a trip to Hawaii(夏威夷).(2)at the end of 在末端；在尽头at the end of 后面可以接时间或地点，反义短语为 at the beginning of“在的开始”。There is a bookstore at the end of the street.Well have an exam at the end of the term.17.However, Id still be glad to help out with (1)be glad to do sth.乐意做某事Im glad to share my ideas with you.(2)help out （帮助）分担工作、解决难题 该短语为“动词+副词”型短语，其后跟代词作宾语时，代词应放help和out之间。I cant solve the problem.Can you help me out? 18.Bring Ms.Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.（1）without 作介词，意为“没有”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语，用来表示伴随或假设的情况。反义词为with“具有；带有”。She entered the room without knocking.Fish cant live without water.Life is important.Without it, everything will become meaningless.（2）surprise n.惊奇 surprised adj.惊奇的（人） surprising adj.使人惊讶的（物作主）be surprised at sth.: “惊奇于某事” to ones surprise :“令某人惊奇的是”Im surprised at the surprising news.To my surprise, he left without leaving a word.(3)so that意为“以便;为的是”，此处引导目的状语从句。I study hard every day so that I can catch up with Tom.Speak louder so that everybody is able to hear you clearly.拓展: so that与 in order to同义，只是前者跟句子，后者跟动词原形He practices every day so that he can make the soccer team.=He practices every day in order to make the soccer team.19.look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing 。I'm looking forward to your reply. I'm looking forward to seeing you again.【Grammar Focus】情态动词can表示邀请语法概述情态动词can除了表示能力、许可和猜测之外，还可以表示邀请。表示邀请时，could比can更礼貌、更委婉。can表示邀请时常用一般疑问句句式，结构为: Can+ 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他？对于用情态动词can发出的邀请，回答时主要有两种情况：接受：Sure/Yes, Id love (like) to.当然，我愿意。Sure/Of course.当然。拒绝：Sorry, Im not available.对不起，我没空。 Im sorry.Im not free.I have to 抱歉，我没空，我不得不Id love to, but Im afraid I cant.I must 我愿意，但是恐怕不行。我得 注意：must 与have to1.must 表示主观“必须”；must 表示“主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: neednt 或 don't have to (不必)。mustnt 表示“禁止”.2.have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: dont / doesnt / didnt have to (没必要)；Must I be home before eight oclock? 8点之前我必须回家吗？Yes, you must./ No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.拓展：can的其他用法：1)表示能力，意思是“能;会”。-Can you speak French?-No， I cant.2)表示许可，意为“可以”，相当于may。另外 could也可以表示许可，但语气更加委婉。You can take the car, if you want.3)表示推测，用于疑问句、否定句中，意为“会;可能”。That cant be Mr.Liu.He is not here at the moment.注意:表否定推测时要用cant，而不能用 mustnt，may not等。-Mary must be at school. -She can't be at school.I saw her in the street just now.4)表示禁止，意为“不准;禁止”。You cant play in the street.情态动词mightWhat do you find?1.We can use “Can you?” to make invitations.2.We can use “Sure, Id love to.” to accept invitations gladly.3.We can use “Im sorry/Sorry, I cant.” or something like that to turn down invitations politely.4.Often we give a reason, or rather an excuse, to explain it, using “I have to”/ “I must”.7