高中英语人教新教材选择性必修一 unit5 知识点（句型+词块+佳句+句型公式）.doc

高中英语选必一 unit5 知识点一、重点句型1.devote vt.把献(给)；把专用于；专心于devote.to.把奉献给；专注于devote oneself to 某人致力于；献身于devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的be devoted to 专心于；致力于devotionn.奉献；献身；忠诚【联想】devote.to.中的to是介词，类似短语有：adapt.to.使适应；使配合adjust.to.调节以适应apply.to.把应用于attach.to.把附在上contribute.to. 把奉献给；把捐给2.tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理eg. More importantly, it provides students with new skills to tackle future challenges.(演讲稿)更重要的是，它为学生提供了应对未来挑战的新技能。【同义】deal with, settle, solve, work out3.crisis n.危机；危急关头【联想】特殊名词复数变化：crisiscrises危机analysisanalyses分析bacteriumbacteria细菌mediummedia媒体phenomenonphenomena现象4.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(persuade)convince sb of sth 使某人确信某事convince sb that.使某人相信convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事convincedadj.确信的；坚信的be convinced (that.)/of.(某人)坚信convincingadj.令人信服的eg. Im firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.(演讲稿)我坚信诚实的重要性，它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。5.attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到attain ones goal(s) 实现某人的目标attainableadj.可实现的attainmentn.获得，达到eg. No matter what anyone says, you can attain your goals if you dont give up.不管别人说什么，只要不放弃你就一定能实现你的目标。【同义】obtain, gain, acquire6.assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得on the assumption that.假定make an assumption 假设7.expand vt. & vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)expand market 开拓市场expand the cooperation 拓展合作expand ones knowledge/horizons 拓展知识/开阔视野expand into 发展成；扩展到expand on/upon 详细阐述；详述expansionn.扩张；膨胀；发展【同义】enlarge, broaden, build up, extend8.estimate vt.估计；估价；估算(evaluate, assess)n.估计；估算be estimated to do sth 估计做某事It is estimated (that).据估计at a rough estimate 粗略估计make an accurate estimate 准确估计eg. It is estimated thattotal investment in the education will continue to increase this year.据估计，今年对教育的总投资将继续增加。prise vt.包括；包含(contain)；由组成be comprised of 包括；包含；由组成(或构成)eg. According to a report, the committee is comprised of 12 members.According to a report, 12 members make up the committee.根据报道，委员会由12名成员组成。【联想】“由组成”短语多棱镜：consist of 由组成be made up of 由组成be composed of 由组成make up 组成10.reality n.现实；实际情况；事实in reality 实际上escape from reality 逃避现实turn.into a reality 把变为现实realadj.真实的 realisevt.实现eg. Chinese people make joint efforts and work hard to turnChinese Dream into a reality.中国人民正携手共同努力，实现中国梦。11.salty adj.含盐的；咸的【联想】-y后缀常见形容词聚焦：saltsalty含盐的；咸的thirstthirsty渴的；渴望的tastetasty美味的sleepsleepy困的 guiltguilty内疚的；有罪的healthhealthy健康的dirtdirty脏的greedgreedy贪婪的12.extension n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机【联想】后缀-sion结尾的名词：extendextension扩建部分；扩大；电话分机discussdiscussion讨论 expandexpansion扩admitadmission允许进入confuseconfusion混乱decidedecision决定possesspossession拥有explodeexplosion爆炸concludeconclusion结论dividedivision分开expressexpression表达permitpermission允许13.in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事eg. For one thing, not only does it help to build up our health, but it also helps us learn more effectively in turn.(建议信)一方面，它不仅有助于强身健体，而且反过来帮助我们更有效地学习。14.essential adj.完全必要的(necessary)；极其重要的(vital)be essential to 对不可缺少的It is essential for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是必要的It is essential that.(should) do sth 做某事是必不可少的eg. Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.如果病人想要迅速康复，良好的营养是必不可少的。15.alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的an alternative to 的替代物(to是介词)have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事alternativelyadv.可供选择地；或者【联想】“别无选择只好做”的表达形式：have no choice but to do sthhave no option but to do sthcant but do sthcant help but do sth16.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)【联想】adj.n.v.deepdepthdeepenhighheightheightenwidewidthwidenlonglengthlengthenstrongstrengthstrengthenbroadbroadeneg. We have expressed the depth of our gratitude to them.(感谢信)我们向他们表达了深深的谢意。17.entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地entireadj.全部的，完全的【联想】表示程度的副词集锦：extremely 极度地absolutely 绝对地completely 完全地，彻底地perfectly 完美地thoroughly 完全地，彻底地 totally 完全地desperately 极度地二、教材词块1.deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上2.work the land 田间工作3.a matter of great debate 争论不休的一个问题4.for instance 例如；比如5.nowhere near 完全没有，远不及6.focus on 关注7.be rich in nutrition 富有营养8.pursue a dream 追求梦想9.a serious shortage of food 食物严重短缺10.receive an education 接受教育11.to tackle this crisis 为了解决这场危机12.overcome enormous technical difficulties克服了巨大的技术困难13.receive numerous awards both in China and abroad 在国内外获奖无数14.retire to a life of leisure 退休后过悠闲的生活15.far from the case 远非如此16.care little for celebrity or money 不关心名利或金钱17.make large donations to support agricultural research 捐款支持农业研究18.fulfil his dreams 实现他的梦想19.switch to organic farming 转向有机农业20.keep their soil rich and free of disease保持土壤肥沃，远离疾病三、教材佳句1.Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life.(定语从句)确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。2.However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(what引导主语从句)然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。3.Today，it is estimated thatabout 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(it is estimated that.据估算)据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。4.Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground，makingit ready for the next batch of crops.(v.-ing作结果状语)轮换种植的原因就是这些作物会把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤中，为种植下一批庄稼作好准备。5.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(同位语从句)阻止他们这样做的是这样一个事实，即化学耕作满足了全世界对粮食的高需求。Given thatYuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。四、句型公式given that从句(1)given that.considering.只要，考虑到，引导条件状语从句(2)supposing (that) 假设；如果assuming (that) 假使providing (that) 假设as long as 只要Given thatyou are keen on the Chinese traditional festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.(节目介绍)鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。Given that/Consideringshe is interested in children, Im sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她对儿童感兴趣，我相信教书是适合她的职业。4