五年级英语上册语法——名词（含答案）.doc
教案课题名词教师姓名学生姓名上课日期学科英语适用年级五年级教材版本学习目标掌握名词单复数以及谓语单复数重难点名词单复数所对应的谓语单复数教学过程导入：数数下面两幅图中分别有多少只鸭子？用英文怎么来表达呢？1.什么叫名词？ 名词是词性的一种，是表示人或事物实体存在的词，如：理发师、学生、水等。主要功能是作主语、宾语。2.名词的分类名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式；而不可数名词没有复数形式。 3.可数名词的复数形式： 规则变化： 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books，bag-bags，cat-cats，bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses，box-boxes，watch-watches，brush-brushes，glass-glasses，dress-dresses 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families（家庭）， butterfly-butterflies（蝴蝶），lady-ladies，strawberry-strawberries（草莓） 注意：“元音字母+y”结尾的，直接加-s，如：day-days，boy-boys 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf-leaves（落叶），wolf-wolves（狼），shelf-shelves（架子），half-halves（一半），thief-thieves（小偷） 注意：特殊情况直接加s：gulf-gulfs（海湾），roof-roofs（屋顶），belief-beliefs（信仰），proof-proofs（证据）此处知道即可，暂时不用记 不规则变化： 1 man-men，woman-women， policeman（男警察）-policemen， policewoman（女警察）-policewomen， mouse-mice，child（孩子）-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth（牙齿），ox-oxen（公牛） chick-chicken（鸡）2 fish-fish（鱼）, sheep（羊）-sheep，deer-deer，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese， people-people（人，人们） 注意： fish：当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish. 当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es.如：all kinds of fishes .各种各样的鱼 当鱼肉讲时，不可数。 people：当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。 实记： tomato-tomatoes（西红柿），potato-potatoes（土豆），hero-heroes（英雄）negro-negroes（黑人），volcano-volcanoes（火山） zoo-zoos，photo-photos 4.不可数名词的复数形式不可数名词我们都把它当成单数用，不需要加S，这就需要我们来衡量哪些是可数的，哪些是不可数的名词。water(水) 、milk(牛奶)、 tea(茶) 、rice(米饭)、juice（果汁）、bread（面包），soup（汤），hair，meat，news（消息），work（工作），paper（纸），weather（天气），luck（运气），grass（草） 中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面 German-Germans(德国人) 注意：部分不可数名词我们需要用到量词来形容。比如一杯水，一杯牛奶，一碗饭等等。一名词变复数1. pen _ 2.cup _ 3.fruit _ 4.country _ 5. family _ 6.chick_ 7.point_ 8.man _ 9. child_ 10.fireman _ 11.shelf _ 12. photo_二判断下列名词哪些是可数名词，在其后面打勾1.paper2.pen3.homework4.watch5.milk6.waterputer8.bag9.umbrella10.ring11.rice12.weather参考答案：一、1.pens 2.cups 3.fruit 4.countries 5.families 6.chicken 7.point 8.men 9.children 10.firemen 11.shelves 12.photos 二、2.pen 4.watch puters 8.bag 9.umbrella 10.ring .巩固训练：写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army _ 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 参考答案：1、orange oranges 2、class classes 3、text texts 4、monkey monkeys 5、piano pianos 6、child children 7、shelf shelves 8、bed beds 9、country countries 10、family families 11、toy toys 12、foot feet 13、Japanese Japanese 14、radio radios 15、photo photos 16、army armies 17、tomato tomatoes 18、fox foxes 19、woman women 20、knife knives 5.谓语动词的单复数1Be动词的单复数be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词用are. 不可数名词用is。be动词分为 am is are am用于第一人称单数（I）；is用于第三人称单数（he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben his sister等）；are用于第二人称单数（you）和所有复数（包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you；第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children 、 his parents等）。 2.实义动词的单复数： 单数名词和不可数名词作主语时，实义动词用单数（+S），复数名词作主语时，实义动词用原型（不+S）第一种情况：主语是第三人称单数（he she it 和其他，如Helen 、her cousin 等），动词后一般加s或es。 第二种情况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。 6.名词前的冠词（a, an, the）可数名词可以和冠词a/an连用，不可数名词前不可以用冠词a/an. a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。 a用在辅音（音素）之前，an用在元音（音素）之前。如：a notebook一个笔记本，a book一本书，an old man一位老人，an English class一堂英语课。字母u读作ju:时，由于第一个音j是辅音，故前面用a，不用an。如：a useful book一本有用的书，a university一所大学。字母h如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用an而不用a，如an hour一小时，an honest person一个诚实的人。 7 many+可数名词、much +不可数名词 （表示数量很多） few+可数名词、little+不可数名词 （表示数量极少）没几个 a few+可数名词、a little+不可数名词（表示数量极少）有几个 some, any , a lot of、lots of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词 4、对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much How many books do you have？ How much milk does he drink in the morning？ 可数名词的表达总结可数名词的数量可以直接用数词来修饰 如：two students（两个学生） 也可用many、a few 、some、any、a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等修饰。 不可数名词的表达总结不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法： 1） 用much ,a little ,some，any，a lot of a lot of ,lots of ,most of等表多少。 如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。 I'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。 2） 用单位词表示。 （用a . of 表示。） 如 a cup of （ 一杯.），a bottle of （一瓶.） a piece of （ 一张.），a pair of shoes（一双鞋） two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸） 随堂练习：1. I have two_ (knife).2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _ are playing football now. (child) 6.I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)7Do you want some _ for dinner? (potato)8 In autumn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground.(leaf) 9He has two _.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)10 Two _ live in this building .( family )11 There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.12There are three _(chair) in the classroom.13.These _(tomato) are red. 14.My brother looks after two _(baby)15.There are some _(deer) eating the grass.16.My father likes to eat _(potato).参考答案：1.knives 2.boxes 3.buses 4.boys 5.children 6.policeman 7.potatoes 8.leaves 9.boxes 10.families 11.wolves 12.chairs 13.tomatoes 14.babies 15.deer 16.potatoes8.名词的所有格 有些名词的可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。 如Mary's father(玛丽的父亲) 、Jim's mother(吉姆的母亲) 。与所有格相对来看，不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。 1)单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾如没有s，也要加s。 如Tom's knife(汤姆的小刀) children's books(儿童书籍) 2)表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人名字后加s，如果表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加s。 如Jim and Mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间 Jim's and Mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间 3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"即可。 如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室) Everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night. 每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。 随堂练习：一 .选择 1. -Hows Joys skirt? -Her skirt is more beautiful than _. A.her sisters and Kate B.her sister and Kate C.her sister and Kates D.her sisters and Kates 2This is _ room. The twin sisters like it very much. A.Lucys and Lilys B.Lucys and Lily C.Lucy and Lilys 3Its about _walk from my home. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes 4Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk 5_ mothers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Anne B. Peters and Annes C. Peters and Anne D. Peter and Annes 6The room on the right is _. A. her B. she C. Lucys D. Lucy 7Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two-days 8The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A. half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half 9Wheres your father ? At _. A. Mr Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens 10The twin brothers always put small presents in _stockings on Christmas Day. A. each others B. each other C. each others D. each others 二 填空 1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书) 3. _(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice. 4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ? 6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师). 7. _(教师节) is on September 10th . 8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 9. We are very happy on _(儿童节). 10. He is in _(老师的办公室) now.参考答案：一，1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A 二， 1.Li Mings parents 2.my sisters Chinese book 3.The twins bedrooms 4.Wang Ping and Wang Mings father 5.your good friends pen 6.Peters and Sams teachers 7.TeachersDay 8.Studentsdesks and chairs 9.ChildrenDay 10.teachersoffice<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 21、sheep <二>、选择填空 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. How many _ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato 3. _ and _ are not friends. A. Foxswolfs B. Foxeswolfs C. Foxeswolves 4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys get . A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10. They come from different _ A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys 11. They are_. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 12. Would you like _ ,please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters 13. These are the _ of our national _. A. photos heroes B. photoes heroes C. photos heros 14. There are some _ in these _. A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-box C.knivespencil-box D.knivespencil-boxes 15. There is no _ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs 16. _ are good for our health. A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato 17. I like to eat cake with _. A. cherries B. cherry（樱桃） C.cherrys 18. The _ are running on the _. A. deer grasses B. deers grass C. deer grass 19. I was so hungry and I eat two _. A. bowls of noodle B. bowls of noodles C. bowl of noodles 20. How many _ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian 21. Most of _ live in _. A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany <三>、将以下单复数句进行转换 1 This is a knife. _ 2 That is a tomato. _ 3 That child is very good._ 4 These are mice. _ 5 Those are children. _ <四>、选择正确的词形1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see? 2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class. 3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep). 4 I dont want (a, an) old cup. 5 Give me that (box, boxes), please. 参考答案：一.1.oranges,2.classes 3.texts 4.monkeys 5.pianos 6.children 7.shelves 8.beds 9.countries 10.families 11.toys 12.feet 13.Japanese 14.radios 15.photos 16.armies 17.tomatoes 18.foxes19.women 20.knives 21.sheep 二.1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A 21.D 三1.These are knives.2. Those are tomatoes.3. Those children are very good.4. This is a mouse.5. That is a child.四1.radios 2.boys 3.sheep 4.an 5.box 第 14 页 共 14 页
