高中英语——情态动词.docx

情态动词总结一、情态动词的特征：1. 本身有词义。2. 不能独立作谓语。3. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语。4. 不随人称和数的变化。二、情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：1. can 与 could 用法对比点cancould表“能力”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldnt understand what he said at all.表“许可”You can use a different material instead.He said I could borrow his bike.“怀疑”No, no, it cant be true.What on earth can this mean?We thought the story could not be true. Howcould you be so careless?could 代替 can，表示语气更为婉转。can 与 be able toEg. Could I use your bike?Yes, I can区别can (能够)=be able to(仅表能力时)，但 be able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。第 9 页 共 20 页2. may 与 might 用法对比点maymight表“询问”May I ?(=Can I ?)Might I ?(=Could I?)(但比用 may 更客气)表“允许”You may take the boy there.He told me he might come.(might 与 told 相呼应)表“可能”“或许”She may nor like this place.Im afraid he might not like this play.注：May I?的答语。may 可表示期望或祝愿May you succeed !may (might) 用于目的状语从句。肯定：Yes, you may.否定：No, you mustnt 不行(语气强硬)No, you may not 或 No, youd better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.3. must 与 have to 用法对比点musthave to表“必须”(主观看法)必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。He told me I must do according to what hesaid.(客观需要)不得不，有多种时态。Its raining heavily, we cant go now.疑问句Must I ?Yes, you must.(一定) No, you neednt./ you dont have to.(不必)Do you have to go today? Yes, we do.You dont have to worry about that.4. need 与 dare 用法对比点needdare情态 v.+动词原形1) 否定式2) 疑问式He need not (neednt)go.-Need we do it again?-No, you neednt do it again.He dare not say so.Dare she go out alone at night? How dare you say Im unfair?If he dare do that, hell be punished.I dare say. (固定用法)实义 v. +to do 1)肯定式2) 否定式3) 疑问式He needs to go.He doesnt (does not) need to go. Does he need to do it again?No, he doesnt need ot do it again.He dares to say.He does not(doesnt)dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I .did not need todo 表示过去没必要做She didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她没有参加)5. should 与 ought to 用法对比点shouldought to表“应该”表劝告、建议You should listen to the doctors advice. We should learn from Zhang Hua.“有责任有必要”做某事You ought to finish your work before you go home.We ought to help each other.表“估计”They should get home by now.“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.注：1) should 还可在虚拟语气中的使用2) 注意：ought to 的疑问式及否定式-Ought he to go?-Yes, I think he ought to.-No, he oughtnt to.否定式：oughtnt to do (不说 ought to not do)反疑问句：oughtnt?6. shall 与 will 用法shallwill征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称：Shall I (we)?Shall he (she)?Where shall I (we)wait for you?询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：Will you (please)? Wont you?Would you like to.? (would 替代 will 更客气)Wont you go and see the film?你不去看电影吗-Yes, I think I will. 不， 我想去。表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制” “允诺”“决心”等，用于第二、三人称。You shall do what I tell you ( to do).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everything shall be done to save the ship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各种人称：I wont do anything you dont like.我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。Would 表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”Shylock would not take the money earlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。7. used to 与 would 用法used towould表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比， 不一定要有时间状语。I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play. My hometown is not what it used to be.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语。I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词He used to be nervous in the exam.表示过去的习惯有时可互换：When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.表示过去的次数时，不能使用：()We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.(×) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注：used to do 的否定式：usednt to do 或 didnt use to do (usednt 也可写作 usent)疑问式：Did you use to do ?Didnt you use to do? Used you to do?Usednt you to do?情态动词表推测：1. 大多数情态动词(除表能力、许可、意志外)，都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。 按可能性程度的高低排列为：must will would ought to should完全肯定完全可能很可能> can could may might可能有可能2. 区分情态动词的否定含义：may not 或许不、可能不might not 可能不cant 不可能mustnt 不许、禁止shouldnt 不应该neednt 不必3. 情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测。S 主+情态动词 + be + adj对“性质”“特征”的推测S 主+情态动词 + be + n对“职业”“事物”的推测S 主+情态动词 + 动词原形对经常性行为的推测S 主+情态动词 + be + V-ing对进行着的行为的推测S 主+情态动词 + have + PP对过去的行为的推测情态动词表推测时：ican 只能用于否定句和疑问句must 只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can 来代替了)如句中有情态动词 + 完成时，定是对过去的推测 。句中如有表示不肯定的话语E.g I am not sure; I dont know 之类，常选 may /might 的各种形式。4. 表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式1). could + have + P.P.表示本来能做到，但事实上没有做到。He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snowcame.2). couldnt +have + P.P.表示本来不能做到，但已经做到了。She could not have covered the whole distance, but in factshe arrived ahead of time.3)neednt + have + P.P.表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。She neednt have attended the meeting yesterday, but shedid.4.) should/ought to +have + P.P.表示该做而没有做The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot morewater.5) shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + P.P.表示不该做而做了。You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike withoutpermission.5. 注意：must 只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can 来代替了)must + have + P.P.表示对过去肯定的推测，“一定是，准是”The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.can + have + P.P.表示对过去的推测(限于问句中)Can she have said so? 他可能这样说吗？cant + have + P.P.表示对过去的否定推测He cannot have said such a foolish thing.三、情态动词表推测的反意疑问句1. 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语， 则以其为准。2. 以 must 为例：You must be hungry now, arent you?He must be watching TV , isnt he ?Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?注：如选择题中(以 She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she？为例)既有 didnt she 又有 hasnt she 则以didnt she？为最佳答案。四、练习情态动词专项练习与解析(一)1. Youreturn the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. may not2. Where is my pen? Iit.A. might loseB. would have lostC. should have lostD. must have lost3. I wish Iyou yesterday.A. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see4. I didnt hear the phone. Iasleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been5. If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented6. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might haveC. may have givenD. may give7. If itfor the snow, wethe mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb8. Without electricity human lifequite difficult today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be9. A computerthink for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cantB. couldntC. may notD. might not10. Jennyhave kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. would11. Welast night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you.A. mightB. willC. canD. should13. Tom ought not tome your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingD. having told14. If he, hethat food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken15. Petercome with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps Ifor her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out17. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you. Ive told him already.A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jackbe here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can21. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. Ita comfortable journey.A. cant beB. shouldnt beC. mustnt have beenD. couldnt have been22. Johnny, youplay with the knife, youhurt yourself.A. wont; cantB. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; mustD. cant; shouldnt23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyoneget out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to24. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. Theybe ready by 12:00.A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? Youwith Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed26. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry,. My brother is coming to see me.A. I mustntB. I cantC. I needntD. I wont27. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. Igo to the concert instead.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might28. Write to me when you get home.A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can29. I was really anxious about you, youhome without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave30. Is John coming by train? He should, but henot. He likes driving his car.A. mustB. canC. needD. may情态动词专项练习与解析(二)1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. Sheat the meeting.A. mustnt have spokenB. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spokenD. couldnt have spoken2. One oughtfor what one hasnt done.A. not to be punishedB. to not be punishedC. to not punishedD. not be punished3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you mustalwaysso much.A. not; be smokingB. not; have smokedC. not; to smokeD. be not; smoking4. With so much work on hand, youto see the game last night.A. mustnt goB. shouldnt goC. couldnt have goneD. shouldnt have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that itbetter organized.A. had beenB. had to beC. must have beenD. could have been6. Im surprised that hein the exam.A. should failB. would have failed第 20 页 共 20 页C. may have failedD. should have failed7. The little girlthere alone.A. not dare goB. dares not goC. dare not goD. dare not to go8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you.”A. wontB. needntC. cantD. dont9. He said he would rather notit right now.A. doingB. to doC. doD. to be doing10. Youto the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to comeB. dont need comeC. dont need comingD. neednt come11. Put on more clothes. Yoube feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. canB. couldC. wouldD. must12. Iplay football than baseball.A. would ratherB. had betterC. like betterD. prefer13. I thought youlike something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. mayB. mightC. couldD. must14. There was plenty of times. She.A. mustnt have hurriedB. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurryD. neednt have hurried15. The plant is dead. Iit more water.A. will giveB. would have givenC. must giveD. should have given16. Youreturn the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. may not17. Its still early, you.A. mustnt hurryB. wouldnt hurryC. may not hurryD. dont have to hurry18. Please open the window,?A. cant youB. arent youC. do youD. will you19. Wefor her because she never came.A. mustnt have waitedB. shouldnt have waitedC. mustnt waitD. neednt wait20. May I stop here? No, you.A. mustntB. might notC. needntD. wont21. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing,.A. wont weB. will weC. dont weD. shall we22. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. Sheat the meeting.A. mustnt have spokenB. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spokenD. couldnt have spoken23. Please dont make a noise. Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I wontB. No, I wontC. No, I willD. Yes, I will24. The young man has made so much noise that henot have been allowed to attend the concert.A. couldB. mustC. wouldD. should25. Where is John? Hein the library.A. should beB. must beC. can beD. must have been26. Since the road is wet this morning,last night.A. it must rainB. it must be rainingC. it must have rainedD. it must have been rain27. Will your brother stay home tonight? Im not quite sure. Heto the cinema tonight.A. must goB. can goC. may goD. may be going28. Shes already two hours late. Whatto her?A. can have happenedB. may have happenedC. should have happenedD. must happen29. You must be a writer,?A. mustnt youB. are youC. must youD. arent you30. I got up early that morning, but Iso because I had no work to do.A. mustnt have doneB. didnt need to doC. neednt have doneD. cant have done31. Hehave come here yesterday, but he didnt.A. couldB. shouldC. ought toD. all the above32. I missed the last bus, so Igo home on foot.A. mustB. have toC. mayD. had to33. He ought to win the first prize,he?A. oughtntB. shouldntC. mustntD. both A and B34. Everyonedo his best for the modernizations of our country.A. canB. mayC. shouldD. might35. Lets clean our classroom,?A. will youB. dont weC. shall weD. do you36. Let us play basketball,?A. will youB. dont weC. shall weD. do you37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that hehave it tomorrow.A. mustB. mayC. shallD. both B and C38. “Your phone number again? Iquite catch it.” “Its 9568442.”A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant39. Motherus stories when we were children.A. was used to tellB. is used to tellingC. used to tellD. used to telling40. She would rathermore money on bookson clothes.A. cost notB. to spare dontC. pay thanD. spend than情态动词专项练习与解析(三)1. Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party. He. He is a man of keeping his word.A. could have leftB. must have leftC. cant comeD. won