专题16 完形填空夹叙夹议文（教师版）-【备考2024】2019-2023五年高考真题分项整理汇编（新高考地区）.docx

专题16 完形填空夹叙夹议文（解析版）全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、 2021年高考真题（一） 2021年6月新高考1卷 My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time,      1      little bunny（兔子）cakes for all its      2      throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for      3      help during our spring break, for which I had no      4      beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd      5      minimum wage. I'd see how a factory      6      . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their      7      .Our      8      in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing （糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.      9      bunny from the belt. This was      10      than it sounds.      11      a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd      12      .Dad      13      . The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood      14      food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you      15      the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.1.A.sold B.ordered C,made D.reserved2.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens3.A.generous B.financial C.technical D.temporary4.A.plans B.problems C.excuses D.hobbies5.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest6.A.worked B.closed C.developed D.survived7.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation8.A.joys B.ideas C.roles D.choices9.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove10.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper11.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on12.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered13.A.cried B.smiled C.hesitated D.refused14.A.tasting B.finding C.sharing D.delivering15.A.withdraw B.donate C.receive D.appreciate【文章大意】本文是本文是夹叙夹议的文章，文章讲述了作者第一次假期打工的经历，作者从中感悟到工作不易，要尊重那些辛苦工作的人。【解析】1 ：C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是Hough Bakeries的经理，在复活节期间，为其遍布Cleveland的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。根据后文可知作者在工厂里做蛋糕。故选C。2 ：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是Hough Bakeries的经理，在复活节期间，为其遍布Cleveland的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。分析题目可知，此处是指同一品牌旗下的商店。故选A。3 ：D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们春假期间，市中心的工厂碰巧需要八个孩子临时帮忙。分析题目可知，工厂需要临时工。故选D。4 ：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了听我最喜欢的唱片，我对春假没有别的计划。分析题目可知，这句话里的which指的是春假，作者对此没有别的计划，故选A。5 ：B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会挣最低工资。分析题目可知，作者要去工厂做工挣钱。故选B。6 ： A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会看到工厂是如何运作的。分析题目可知，此处是指作者通过去工厂做工而观察到工厂如何运作。故选A。7 ：B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的想法，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到他们的允许。分析题目可知，给Betsy的父亲打电话是为了得到许可。故选B。8 ：C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的职责很简单。分析题目可知，此处是指作者在工厂里的职责。故选C。9 ：D考查动词词义辨析。句意：把兔子从传送带上拿下来。根据前文Place cakes on a moving belt，然后加上有糖霜的耳朵、眼睛和鼻子，这里应该是指把兔子拿下来。故选D。10 ：A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来要难。分析题目可知，作者的工作听起来很简单，但实际很困难。故选A。11 ： B考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知，这里指的是如果做工时手脚不够快，蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。12 ：C考查动词词义辨析。句意：一切都比我之前预想的要有压力。分析题目可知，作者之前没料到工作会压力这么大。故选C。13 ：B考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸笑了。分析题目可知，作者的父亲听到作者抱怨工作压力，联想到自己童年的经历，觉得很正常，所以笑了起来。故选B。14 ：D考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在Bernardswille送外卖。分析题目可知，作者的父亲应该是在递送食物，其他选项不符。故选D。15 ：D考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你对自己挣的钱心存感激，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。分析题目可知，作者的父亲认为工作能让你认识到挣钱的价值，心怀感恩。故选D。（二） 2021年1月八省联考This happened when I was ten. On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always went. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, who had recently_21_the shop.So I sat for the haircut. The uncle asked me how_22_I wanted it. I answered, “Just do as my dad had_23_you the last time.”He smiled. Before starting the_24_, he added, “What if I keep it long?”I_25_he was joking. So I joked too. I said, “I can't_26_what would happen to your shop then!”The moment I said it, the assistant_27_from behind. “How dare do you say that! Who are you to take us down, eh?”I admit I was too_28_at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an_29_look.From that day on, I_30_stopped joking about anyone's profession and works. It is one of the most_31_incidents in my life, which taught me to_32_the profession and works of a person, no matter how_33_they are.I'm_34_that the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words. Words do make a_35_.21. A. leftB. openedC. joinedD. visited22. A. muchB. longC. oftenD. soon23. A. instructedB. invitedC. promisedD. convinced24. A. discussionB. journeyC. trainingD. haircut25. A. agreedB. heardC. hopedD. knew26. A. forgetB. tolerateC. guaranteeD. understand27. A. urgedB. shoutedC. laughedD. helped28. A. angryB. proudC. scaredD. curious29. A. anxiousB. appealingC. encouragingD. awkward30. A. suddenlyB. completelyC. temporarilyD. regularly31. A. importantB. excitingC. strangeD. interesting32. A. learnB. enterC. changeD. respect33. A. hardB. smallC. goodD. complex34. A. sorryB. confidentC. gratefulD. embarrassed35. A. differenceB. mistakeC. choiceD. joke【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A【解析】【分析】本文是夹叙夹议的文章。讲述了作者小时候在一次理发时跟理发师开玩笑的经历让自己意识到语言的威力。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，除了理发师还有一个助手，最近刚加入这个商店。A. left 离开；B. opened 打开；C. joined 加入；D. visited拜访。根据“who had recently the shop”得知，我经常去的理发店新来了一位助手。故选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位叔叔问我剪多长的头发。A .much很多；B. long 长久；C. often 经常；D. soon 很快。根据“So I sat for the haircut.”得知，我去理发店，理发店叔叔问我剪多长的头发。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回答：“和上次我爸爸告诉你的一样长就行”。A. instructed 指导；B. invited 邀请；C. promised答应；D. convinced 确信。根据“the last time”得知，上次来剪发时，作者爸爸给理发师指导过要给作者理发的长度。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开始理发前，他又说道：“如果我剪长了呢”。A. discussion讨论；B. journey旅程；C. training训练；D. haircut剪发。根据“So I sat for the haircut. ”得知，理发师是在开始剪发之前又说了一句话。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道他是在开玩笑。A. agreed同意；B. heard 听到；C. hoped希望 ；D. knew知道。根据“So I joked too. ”得知，我知道理发师说那句话是在开玩笑。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可不能保证到时候你的理发店会发生什么。A. forget忘记； B. tolerate忍受；C. guarantee确保；D. understand理解。根据“So I joked too.”得知，我在开玩笑，剪坏我的头发，他的理发店会遭殃。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚一说完，那个助手从身后大喊。A. urged敦促；B. shouted喊叫；C. laughed大笑；D. helped帮助。根据“How dare do you say that! ”得知，助手当真，大喊起来。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。A. angry生气的；B. proud骄傲的；C. scared害怕的；D. curious好奇的。根据“Who are you to take us down, eh? ”得知，我当时才10岁，对那位助手的质问吓坏了。故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。A. anxious焦虑的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. encouraging鼓舞的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据“I went to the barber shop where I always went”得知，理发师对新助手给常客说的话感到尴尬。故选D。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我彻底不再关于别人的职业和工作开玩笑。A. suddenly突然；B. completely完全；C. temporarily 临时；D. regularly有规律地。根据“ admit I was too”得知，作者通过理发时开玩笑的不愉快经历，学到的教训是不要在别人的工作上开玩笑。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他有多么渺小。A. important重要的；B. exciting兴奋的；C. strange奇怪的；D. interesting有趣的。根据“which taught me”得知，作者认为这件事是很重要的事情。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他有多么渺小。A. learn学习；B. enter 进入；C. change改变；D. respect尊重。根据“I stopped joking about anyones profession and works”得知，故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他有多么渺小。A. hard难的；B. small小的；C. good好的；D. complex复杂的。根据“no matter how”得知，不论对方是多小的人物，我也要给予尊重。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激那位店员的回应让我重新考虑我说话的威力。A. sorry抱歉的；B. confident自信的；C. grateful感激的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“made me rethink the power of my words”得知，作者感激那位店员让自己意识到说话要尊重别人，故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言真能带来大不同。A. difference不同；B. mistake错误； C. choice选择；D. joke玩笑。根据“made me rethink the power of my words”得知，作者感悟，语言很重要。make a difference“有影响，起作用”故选A。二、 2020年高考真题（三） 2020年新高考（山东卷）Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1. He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5, the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 7. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.1.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice2.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge3.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward4A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage5.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise6.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted7.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust8.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter9.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance10.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed11.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding12.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial13.A.back B.top C.foot D.side14A.cool down B.keep off C.purify D.collect15.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued【答案】1.C 2A 3C 4D 5A 6B 7B 8D 9C 10B 11.C 12A 13B 14D 15D 【解析】1考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到：洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成损害，也赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。5.考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开，而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。9.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的“looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他“发现”了一个小岛。故选B。11考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。13.考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below.”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。可知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的“顶端”。故选B。14.考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。