易错点09情态动词和虚拟语气(4大陷阱易错点)-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题(新高考专用)含解析.docx
易错点09 情态动词和虚拟语气(4大陷阱易错点)-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题(新高考专用)易错点09 情态动词和虚拟语气目 录01 易错陷阱(4大陷阱)02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】情态动词基本用法易混易错点【易错点提醒二】情态动词表判断推测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】情态动词后+ have done易混易错点【易错点提醒四】虚拟语气易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1:情态动词基本用法易混易错点。【分析】功能:情态动词不能单独作谓语,后跟动词原形共同构成谓语。形式:情态动词没有人称和数的变化。否定形式是多数情态动词的否定式是在情态动词的后面加not。时态:个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。位置:情态动词在谓语之前;谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前。疑问句中在主语之 前。【高频考点】1. 情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。2. 含情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词be过去分词。3. 原形和过去式错用情态动词:cancould、maymight、shallshould、willwould、have tohad to、daredared。【基本用法】1. can/could 表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中);特殊句型:can not . too ./enough(再怎么也不过分)、can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事)、can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。2. may/might 表较小的可能性;表示请求许可以及祝愿。句型和搭配:may/might as well do表示“还是好;最好”;may well do表示“很可能”;may可以用来表示祝愿,用“may主语动词原形”结构。May you succeed.祝你成功。3. must 表示非常肯定的推测;表“偏要;非要不可”;mustn't意为“禁止”,表示“不必”应用needn't。4. shall的用法用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等,语气强于should;用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征询意见。5. should/ought toshould表责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”,还可表出乎意料的语气,意为“竟然”;ought to表义务或责任,意为“应该”。6. will/would 表意志或意愿;表事物的某种性质和倾向,或“按规律”“注定会”;表示习惯, will 可以表示现在的习惯,意为“总是;习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。7. need和dareneed“需要”和dare“敢”,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。易错陷阱2:情态动词表判断推测易混易错点。【分析】1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为有时会;用于疑问句中表示推测,意为可能,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,cant意为不可能,语气强烈。2may/might用于肯定句中表示不十分肯定的推测,意为有可能;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为可能不,表示一种不太确定的语气。3must表示推测时只用于肯定句中,意为一定,必定,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4should用来表示推测时意为应该,含有按道理来说应当如此的意思。易错陷阱3:情态动词 + have done易混易错点。【分析】must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成一定做过某事,只用于肯定句。cant have done表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成不可能做过某事。can have done表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成可能做过吗?。could have done是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。may have done对发生过的事情的推测,可能已经或也许已经,用于肯定句中。 might have done对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 would have done虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来会。should have done表示本来应该做某事,而实际没有做。含有指责对方或自责的含义。ought to have done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成理应做,往往表示遗憾。与should have done用法基本一样。 need have done表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。neednt have done则表示本来不需要做某事而实际做了易错陷阱4:虚拟语气易混易错点。if从句从句谓语主句谓语现在动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形过去had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词将来should动词原形were to +动词原形过去式should/would/could/might动词原形1. if引导的从句中should、were或had,提到句首时,可以把if省略,其他语序不变。2. 当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为错综时间条件句,这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。3. 有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来,而是暗含在上下文中,比如通过without、 or、 otherwise、 but for等词或短语来表示,称为含蓄的虚拟句。【特别提示】1用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有如图所示。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为should动词原形,should可以省略。² suggest表暗示,insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气。 2用于主语从句中It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/.suggested/advised/demanded/requested/.sbs order/desire/suggestion/advice/.+ that.;从句谓语形式:(should+)动词原形3用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是should动词原形,should可以省略。4. wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望构成:主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式(be一律用were。2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词。3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might +动词原形。5would rather后的宾语从句中,表示愿望,意为宁愿;但愿。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。6在It is (about/high) timethat从句中,谓语动词常用过去式或should动词原形表示虚拟语气,注意should不可省略。7as if,as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。8if only引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。 【易错点提醒一】 情态动词基本用法易混易错点【例1】 (北京高考) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 【变式1】 (2020·天津卷)Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. must B. can C. need D. should【变式2】(2023·黑龙江双鸭山一中高三试题)I cant believe such a gentleman _ be so rude to the old.【变式3】(2023·全国专项练习改错)So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.【易错点提醒二】 情态动词表判断推测易混易错点【例2】 (2021·天津·高考真题)It used to be that you _drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.AneedBshouldCcouldDmust【变式1】(2023·天津·校考模拟预测)With no gravity to push against, astronauts bones and muscles _become weak.A shouldBmustCcanDNeed【变式2】(2023·全国·高三模拟)Tony, is that Mr. Black over there?I knew that he had gone to England. It be him.A mightBcouldCcantDMust【易错点提醒三】情态动词+have done易混易错点【例3】(2023·全国·高三专题练习)She (participate) in the activity, for she was doing paperwork in the office then.【变式1】You _ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A. mustB. shouldC. mustntD. shouldn't【变式2】(2023·天津·校联考一模)Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, _ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.A could have enjoyed Bmay enjoyCmust have enjoyedDcan enjoy【易错点提醒四】 虚拟语气易混易错点【例4】(2019·天津·高考真题)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.AaccomplishedBhad accomplishedCwould accomplishDwould have accomplished【变式1】(2023·辽宁省辽西联合校高三试题)I am sure I would have lost him if I _ (continue) dancing.【变式2】If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.1(2021·天津·高考真题)-I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.-Well, you never know! You_ a better impression than you think.Amay have madeBshould have madeCcouldn't have madeDneedn't have made2.(2020·江苏卷)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I _where I am.A. wont beB. wouldnt have beenC. wouldnt be D. shouldnt have been3(2020·天津·高考真题)You _ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.AmustBshouldCmustntDshouldn't4(2020·天津·高考真题)Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .AmustBcanCneedDShould5(2017·全国·统考高考真题)Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do,so they_come up for airAmayBcanCmightDMust6(2018·天津·统考高考真题)Jane wishes that she _ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.AstudiedBhad studiedCwould studyDmight have studied7(2019·江苏·高考真题)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _ a good time together.AhadBwill haveCwould have hadDhad had8(2023·天津·高三耀华中学校考开学考试)Why you be talking so loudly while others are studying?Im terribly sorry.A shallBmustCwillDMay9(2023·天津滨海新·统考三模)Waking up suddenly_lead to rapid heart rate and high blood pressure.AmustBwouldCcanDShall10(2023秋·高三课前预习)Finish the homework in half an hour! Mom, you_be joking! Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.A needBcanCmustDMay11(2023·天津河东·统考二模)“Those responsible for the accident be punished while those contributing to solving the problems be rewarded.” promised the official then and there.AneedBshallCmustDShould12(2023·全国·高三专题练习)My little son _ out alone at night.Adares not goBdares not to goCdare not to goDdoesnt dare to go13(2023·天津滨海新·高三大港一中校考期末)The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight _ be more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.AshouldBshallCwouldDCould14(2023·天津河东·高三统考期末)If there is nothing more to do, we _ as well go to bed.AshouldBcanCwouldDMay15(2023·天津·高三天津市咸水沽第一中学校考期末)I _ James some advice, but I didnt think he would accept it under those conditions.Acould have givenBmustnt giveCcouldnt giveDmust have given易错点09 情态动词和虚拟语气目 录01 易错陷阱(4大陷阱)02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】情态动词基本用法易混易错点【易错点提醒二】情态动词表判断推测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】情态动词后+ have done易混易错点【易错点提醒四】虚拟语气易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1:情态动词基本用法易混易错点。【分析】功能:情态动词不能单独作谓语,后跟动词原形共同构成谓语。形式:情态动词没有人称和数的变化。否定形式是多数情态动词的否定式是在情态动词的后面加not。时态:个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。位置:情态动词在谓语之前;谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前。疑问句中在主语之 前。【高频考点】2. 情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。2. 含情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词be过去分词。3. 原形和过去式错用情态动词:cancould、maymight、shallshould、willwould、have tohad to、daredared。【基本用法】8. can/could 表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中);特殊句型:can not . too ./enough(再怎么也不过分)、can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事)、can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。9. may/might 表较小的可能性;表示请求许可以及祝愿。句型和搭配:may/might as well do表示“还是好;最好”;may well do表示“很可能”;may可以用来表示祝愿,用“may主语动词原形”结构。May you succeed.祝你成功。10. must 表示非常肯定的推测;表“偏要;非要不可”;mustn't意为“禁止”,表示“不必”应用needn't。11. shall的用法用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等,语气强于should;用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征询意见。12. should/ought toshould表责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”,还可表出乎意料的语气,意为“竟然”;ought to表义务或责任,意为“应该”。13. will/would 表意志或意愿;表事物的某种性质和倾向,或“按规律”“注定会”;表示习惯, will 可以表示现在的习惯,意为“总是;习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。14. need和dareneed“需要”和dare“敢”,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。易错陷阱2:情态动词表判断推测易混易错点。【分析】1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为有时会;用于疑问句中表示推测,意为可能,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,cant意为不可能,语气强烈。2may/might用于肯定句中表示不十分肯定的推测,意为有可能;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为可能不,表示一种不太确定的语气。3must表示推测时只用于肯定句中,意为一定,必定,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4should用来表示推测时意为应该,含有按道理来说应当如此的意思。易错陷阱3:情态动词 + have done易混易错点。【分析】must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成一定做过某事,只用于肯定句。cant have done表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成不可能做过某事。can have done表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成可能做过吗?。could have done是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。may have done对发生过的事情的推测,可能已经或也许已经,用于肯定句中。 might have done对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 would have done虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来会。should have done表示本来应该做某事,而实际没有做。含有指责对方或自责的含义。ought to have done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成理应做,往往表示遗憾。与should have done用法基本一样。 need have done表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。neednt have done则表示本来不需要做某事而实际做了易错陷阱4:虚拟语气易混易错点。if从句从句谓语主句谓语现在动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形过去had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词将来should动词原形were to +动词原形过去式should/would/could/might动词原形5. if引导的从句中should、were或had,提到句首时,可以把if省略,其他语序不变。6. 当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为错综时间条件句,这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。7. 有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来,而是暗含在上下文中,比如通过without、 or、 otherwise、 but for等词或短语来表示,称为含蓄的虚拟句。【特别提示】1用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有如图所示。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为should动词原形,should可以省略。² suggest表暗示,insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气。 2用于主语从句中It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/.suggested/advised/demanded/requested/.sbs order/desire/suggestion/advice/.+ that.;从句谓语形式:(should+)动词原形3用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是should动词原形,should可以省略。8. wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望构成:主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式(be一律用were。2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词。3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might +动词原形。5would rather后的宾语从句中,表示愿望,意为宁愿;但愿。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。6在It is (about/high) timethat从句中,谓语动词常用过去式或should动词原形表示虚拟语气,注意should不可省略。7as if,as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。8if only引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。 【易错点提醒一】 情态动词基本用法易混易错点【例1】 (北京高考) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 易错分析:本题主语后跟了同位语,容易造成结构分析的干扰,造成结构和句意分析不清楚。【答案】can【解析】句意:塞缪尔,我们班最高的男生,能很轻松地够着书架顶层的书。根据语境可知,此处表示“能力”,应用can。【变式1】 (2020·天津卷)Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. must B. can C. need D. should易错分析:出错主要因为句子结构分析不清楚,句意翻译错误。【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须;B. can能,可以;C. need需要;D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们”能,可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。【变式2】(2023·黑龙江双鸭山一中高三试题)I cant believe such a gentleman _ be so rude to the old.【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉我真不敢相信这样的绅士竟然会对老人如此粗鲁。【变式3】(2023·全国专项练习改错)So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.易错分析:未考虑英语中情态动词后应当跟动词原形,able是形容词,故应当添加be动词。【答案】should后加be【解析】考查情态动词。句意:所以真正的友谊应当可以经受各种考验。情态动词之后不能直接接形容词或名词,应与系动词be构成复合谓语。【易错点提醒二】 情态动词表判断推测易混易错点【例2】 (2021·天津·高考真题)It used to be that you _drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.AneedBshouldCcouldDmust易错分析:句子结构分析错误,进而引起句意理解偏差。混淆情态动词的用法也容易引起本题错误。【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要;B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D. must 一定,必须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。【变式1】(2023·天津·校考模拟预测)With no gravity to push against, astronauts bones and muscles _become weak.B shouldBmustCcanDNeed【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:由于没有重力的推动,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得脆弱。A. should应该;B. must必须,一定;C. can能,可能(表可能性);D. need需要。由“With no gravity to push against, astronauts bones and muscles”和“become weak”可知,句子表示“由于没有重力的推动,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得脆弱”,空格处表示“可能会”,应用can表推测,故选C。【变式2】(2023·全国·高三模拟)Tony, is that Mr. Black over there?I knew that he had gone to England. It be him.B mightBcouldCcantDMust【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:托尼,那是布莱克先生吗?我知道他已经去了英国。不可能是他。A. might可能,表示不太肯定的推测;B. could可以,表示建议;C. cant不可能,表示否定的推测;D. must一定,肯定,表示肯定的推测。由I knew that he had gone to England.可知,布莱克先生已经去了英国,所以不可能是他。情态动词的否定推测应用cant。故选C。【易错点提醒三】情态动词+have done易混易错点【例3】(2023·全国·高三专题练习)She (participate) in the activity, for she was doing paperwork in the office then.易错分析:本题对从句的动词时态分析和句意的逻辑推理容易出现错误。【答案】couldnt have participated【解析】考查情态动词的推测用法。句意:她不可能参加这个活动,因为那时她正在办公室做文书工作。根据连词for可知,上下文是因果关系,结合“she was doing paperwork in the office then”可推知,因为那时她正在办公室做文书工作,所以她不可能参加了这个活动;表示对过去情况否定推测,用couldnt have done.“(过去)不可能做过”。故填couldnt have participated。【变式1】You _ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A. mustB. shouldC. mustntD. shouldn't易错分析:未能考虑下文逻辑意思对设空句的时态影响是错误的根本原因。【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意:你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事,must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测;should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做;mustnt不和have done连用。故选D。【变式2】(2023·天津·校联考一模)Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, _ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.B could have enjoyed Bmay enjoyCmust have enjoyedDcan enjoy【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意:张桂梅,一位著名的道德模范,本可以享受更好的生活,但两者她都不关心,她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法,表示“原本”含义的情态动词结构为:could have + 过去分词,A项“could have enjoyed(本能够享受)”与句子表达的含义一致,故选A项。【易错点提醒四】 虚拟语气易混易错点【例4】(2019·天津·高考真题)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.AaccomplishedBhad accomplishedCwould accomplishDwould have accomplished易错分析:对含蓄虚拟句掌握不牢固,以及运用谓语动词时态进行推理逻辑意义失误。【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。【变式1】(2023·辽宁省辽西联合校高三试题)I am sure I would have lost him if