人教新课标高中英语必修一unit5 nelson mandela-a modern hero 单词讲解讲义.docx

必修一unit5单词讲解Base 1. base n. 基础；基地；根据地；底座；底部。例如：Gunfire was heard at an army base close to the airport.机场附近的一个军事基地传来了枪炮声。We camped at the base of the mountain.我们在山脚下宿营。2. base vt. 以为依据；以为基地；基于；把建立在基础上；把（总部等）设在。常见的搭配有：(1) base . on/upon . 意为“以为依据/基础”，其被动形式为be based on/upon . 。例如：His book is based on a true story.他的书是以一个真实的故事为依据的。(2) base sb./sth./oneself in .意为“以为据点，把（总部等）设在”，其被动形式为be based in . 。例如：We are going to base ourselves in Beijing and travel from there.我们将以北京为据点去旅行。The toy company is based in Guangzhou.那个玩具公司把基地设在广州。词汇拓展basic adj. 基础的，基本的；初级的baseless adj. 无根据的basically adv. 基本上；从根本上说Equal 1. equal adj.（大小、数量、价值等）相同的，同样的；相等的。常见搭配有：be of equal sth.相同be equal to/doing sth.与相同/相等；合适于be equal in sth.在方面相同例如：They are of equal height.他们一样高。One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。They are equal in strength.他们两个力气一样大。2. equal v.（大小、数量、价值等）与相等，等于；比得上；敌得过。例如：A metre equals 39.38 inches.1米等于39.38英寸。This achievement is unlikely ever to be equalled.这一成就可能任何时候都没有能与之匹敌的。3. equal n. 同等的人；相等物。常见用法：be the equal of sb./sth. 比得上某人/某事；without equal无与伦比。例如：The company proved to be the equal of its US rivals.事实证明该公司可与其美国竞争对手抗衡。He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。Major 1. major adj.主要的；重大的；主修的（课程）。反义词为minor。例如：He underwent major heart surgery recently.他最近做了心脏大手术。There is a major problem with parking in London.在伦敦，停车是个很大的问题。I have worked hard at my major subject.我对主修课特别用功.2. major vi.（在大学）主修，构成词组major in；专门研究，着重于一个课题或问题，构成词组major on。例如：He's majoring in Political Science.他主修政治学。The company is planning to major on offering the machines we need.这家公司正在计划专门提供我们所需的机械。3. major n.（大学的）主修科目，专业；大学中主修某科目的学生，某专业的学生；少校。例如：Her major is history.她的主修科目是历史。She's a history major.她是历史专业的学生。He's a major in the US army.他是美国陆军少校。Refer refer vi. (referring-referred-referred) 提到，谈及；参考，查看，查阅；涉及。refer作为不及物动词，其后常跟介词to构成词组：refer to 提及，谈到 参考，查看，查阅（书籍、词典、笔记等）涉及，关于。例如：Although she didn't mention any name, everyone knew who she was referring to.尽管她没有提任何人的名字，但大家都知道她指的是谁。We agreed never to refer to the matter again.我们说好永远不再提这件事。She always referred to Ben as "that nice man".她总是称Ben为“那个大好人”。You may refer to your notes if you want.如果想要，你可以查阅笔记。The star refers to items which are intended for the advanced learners.标有星号的项目是给高阶学习者的。 拓展：reference n. C/U提到，谈及 C参考（书目）C推荐信，介绍信。常见搭配有：in/with reference to sth.“（所述内容）关于”。例如：She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.她没有提到她的病，只说了她未来的计划。The library contains many popular works of reference (= reference books).这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.每一章的后面都有一组参考书目。Ask your teacher to write you a reference.请你的老师为你写一封推荐信。With reference to your letter of July 22, I will reply to you soon.关于你7月22日的来信，我将很快给你答复struggle 1. struggle n. 斗争；拼搏；努力。常见搭配：例如：The organization will carry on a struggle against hunger.该组织将继续开展反饥饿的斗争。It is a struggle between good and evil.那是一场善恶之争。拓展：struggle还可以表示“难事”。例如：Losing weight was a terrible struggle.减肥是一件非常艰难的事。2. struggle v. 奋斗；努力；争取；搏斗；扭打；斗争，抗争。常见搭配：struggle for sth.努力争取某物struggle against sth.与某物斗争struggle to do sth.努力/争取做某事struggle with sb./sth.与某人/某物斗争struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来例如：Her mother has been struggling against her illness for many years.她妈妈已经与疾病抗争了许多年。She's struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.她以微薄的收入艰难地养活一家人。Demand 1. vt. 强烈要求；需要。常见搭配：demand to do sth.要求做某事demand that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事demand sth. of/from sb.向某人要求某物例如：This sport demands both speed and strength.这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。I demand to see the manager.我坚决要求见经理。The UN has demanded that all troops (should) be withdrawn.联合国已要求撤出所有部队。His boss demanded an immediate explanation of Tom.Tom的老板强烈要求他立即作出解释。注意：demand不能用于demand sb. to do sth.结构（×）；demand作动词“要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should+) 动词原形”。2. n. 要求；需求。常见搭配：meet/satisfy one's/the demand(s)满足(某人的)需求in demand (= in need)需求量大，很受欢迎例如：It is our demand that she should go there.我们要求她去那儿。I'm afraid that the supply of this product can hardly meet the demand.恐怕这种产品可能会供不应求。These goods are in great demand.这些货物的需求量很大。注意：demand作名词“要求”时，相关的名词性从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should+) 动词原形”。