2022年全国乙卷英语高考真题文档版(原卷含答案).pdf

2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是 C。1.What does the man want to do?A.Have breakfast.B.Take a walk.C.Call his office.2.What was George doing last night?A.Having a meeting.B.Flying home.C.Working on a project.3.Why does the man suggest going to the park?A.Its big.B.Its quiet.C.Its new.4.How does the woman sound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5.Where is the mans table?A.Near the door.B.By the window.C.In the corner.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.What are the speakers going to do tonight?A.Eat out.B.Go shopping.C.Do sports.7.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Hostess and guest.C.Husband and wife.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A.Their business is slow.B.The weather is favorable.C.Its easy to hire people.9.How will they handle the moving?A.Finish it all at once.B.Have the sales section go first.C.Do one department at atime.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A.How to appreciate art works.B.How to deal with artists.C.How to run amuseum.11.What did Peter do in Chicago?A.He studied at a college.B.He served in the army.C.He worked in a gallery.12.Whose works did Peter like best?A.Rembrandts.B.Botticellis.C.Rubens.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.Where does the conversation take place?A.At a library.B.In a law firm.C.On a train.14.By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A.March.B.August.C.October.15.Why did John quit his part-time job?A.He had to catch up with his study.B.He was offered a better one.C.He got tiredof it.16.What is Susans attitude to Johns problem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.Afitness coach.B.Achess player.C.Amarathon runner.18.Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A.He was motivated by Bolt.B.He broke a world record.C.He won fifth place.19.Which is the hardest for the speaker?A.Getting over an injury.B.Doing strength training.C.Representing Botswana.20.What is the speaker mainly talking about?A.His plan to go for the gold.B.His experience on the track.C.His love for his home country.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHenry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands bestloved painter,Sir Henry Raeburn,comes to London.Selected from collections throughout theworld,it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct.,15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburns English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct.,13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburns PortraitsThursday 6 Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artists Training in the 18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov.,13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.0017.45Sunday 12.0017.45Last admission to the exhibition:17.15.There is no re-admission.Closed:2426 December and 1 January.Admission4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of f2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up toand including those at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.21.What is the right time for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries?A.Sun.26 Oct.B.Thurs.30 Oct.C.Thurs.6 Nov.D.Thurs.13 Nov.22.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A.4.B.8.C.12.D.16.23.How can full-time students get group discounts?A.They should go on Sunday mornings.B.They should come from art schools.C.They must be led by teachers.D.They must have ID cards with them.BIn 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.Dorothy Woodruffand Rosamond Underwood traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in aone-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So forthem to move to Elkhead,Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with stringwas a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The UnexpectedEducation of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor andDorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then?Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,theyrealized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from thecold.In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickendens book,she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,whichof course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns thebuilding of the railroads,which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies,often in blindingsnowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of thepeople move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on her horse,looking down from a hill top:When the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow allaround them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter.24.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A.To teach in a school.B.To studyAmerican history.C.To write a book.D.To do sightseeing.25.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.26.Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate ofAuburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.D.The natural beauty of the West.27.What is the text?A.Anews report.B.Abook review.C.A childrens story.D.Adiary entry.CCan a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,atthe same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likelyfuture of applying todays eyes in the sky technology to making sure that the millions ofkilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could doprecisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure suchas the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can beinspected,the more railway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costswould be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnelsafety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a yearon maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the railinfrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crewsefforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services forrailways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.Toperform these tasks,drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now workingon a new concept:the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI andtravelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,theycould signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at highaltitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones reliable performance inremote areas.29.What does maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.30.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.31.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of RailwaysDThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministersfirst predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5gof sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）.It is believed thattodays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,puttingthem at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury.However,data ofthe first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected togenerate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut bymanufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewerkilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasuryfigures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litreof sugary drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content.However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax andare refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and mostalcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres peryear.Todays figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugartax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating inschools.Helping the next generationto have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part.32.Why was the sugar tax introduced?A.To collect money for schools.B.To improve the quality of drinks.C.To protect childrens health.D.To encourage research in education.33.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?A.They turned to overseas markets.B.They raised the prices of their products.C.They cut down on their production.D.They reduced their products sugar content.34.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A.Most alcoholic drinks.B.Milk-based drinks.C.Fruit juices.D.ClassicCoke.35.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A.It is a short-sighted decision.B.It is a success story.C.It benefits manufacturers.D.It upsets customers.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）andshare with one another.With busy schedules,squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.36More isnt always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wantsto be contacted and what method works best for you both.37.There are alternatives toconstant written communication,such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.Practise empathy（共情）38.The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional timedemands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should besympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.39Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.Althoughtechnology might make day-to-day communication possible,extra effort goes a long way onspecial days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other importantdates will make sure nothing slips by you.Dont rely on technology alone40,but long-distance friendships-even close ones-may require more conscious effortto sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it?Just spend face-to-face timetogether whenever possible.A.Remember important datesB.Compensate by writing lettersC.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them,theressomething highly exciting about41someone elses glance and making oneself unable to beseen.However,we all witness that preschool children are remarkably42at hiding.Theyoften cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies43.For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was44as evidence that children arehopelessly egocentric（自我中心的）creatures.But our45research results in childdevelopmental psychology46that idea.We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each47sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or48.We then asked the child if she could49or hear the adult.Surprisingly,children replied that they couldnt.The same50happened when the adult covered her own mouth:51children said that they couldnt52to her.A number of53ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear:Our young subjects54the questions and knew55what wasasked of them.Their56to the questions reflected their true57that I can see youonly if you can see me,too.They simply58mutual（相互的）recognition and regard.Our59suggest when a child hides by putting a blanket over her head,it is not a result ofegocentrism.In fact,childre