第十六讲完形填空专题-【暑假辅导班】2021年高一英语暑假精品课程.doc

第十六讲 完形填空专题【学习目标】1了解高中完形填空新题型。2练习基础的高中英语完形填空，掌握常考完形填空词汇。Ø 命题特点1.短文在240280词之间。20年以前一般20个空格，新高考题型15个空格，部分高考题型仍然是20个空。，设空平均间距为13个词左右。2.选材以记叙文为主，夹叙夹议，内容情节深刻，常涉及到人物心理活动的细节描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。3.以实词考察为主，名、动、形容词、副词约占90%。4.大部分题从全文出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑做出判断，体现出了“突出语篇”的命题风格。Ø 命题趋势高考完型填空题会并非单纯的语法分析，而是朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，我们需要借助上下文乃至全文语境的启示，揣摩作者的心情及态度来做题，以及他对各个角色，各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，除了对关联用语的把握外，还要把握语气，动作等的描写。一般围绕人与自然，人与社会，人与自我三个话题范围展开。Ø 完型填空分类（一）记叙文型完形填空记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式。在记事型记叙文的完形填空中，作者在文章的第一句就已经把事件及其发生的时间，地点，人物交代清楚了。然后对这件事情的发生，发展进行陈述。通过对时间的描述，反映出作者的某种思想，最后得出事件产生的结果。记叙文在高考中占很大的比例。这些记叙文有人物故事、历史故事.、励志故事等。作者入手的角度也是各有千秋，涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康，当今社会科学的最新发展等各方面，作为每年高考的一个主打体裁，命题人在选材上是绞尽了脑汁，但总体来讲它一般会有以下两个特点。  1.情节曲折，信息量大，结尾往往出人意料。近几年高考完形填空往往在情节上有较大的曲折变化，并且结果出人意料，在文章的写作风格上有作者不再是单纯地叙述某个人，某件事而是在叙述中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写也都融入了文章的叙述中，这样也就无疑增加了考生理解的难度。2.文章内容为中学生所关注和熟悉的话题，有亲切感，能引起学生的共鸣。近几年高考完形填空中有很多是反映人际关系，当今科学发展对人际关系的影响等的文章，这些是学生对平时在生活中接触比较多的话题，因此对于学生来说容易接受，没有陌生感。（二）夹叙夹议型完形填空此类文章往往是高考中较难的题目，也是最容易导致失分的一种文章体裁。所选的有关文章蕴含深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味。从近两年的高考完形填空来看，很多的完形填空往往在平淡的叙述中蕴含深刻的人生哲理，对于这一点考生不但要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，只有做到这一点才能透彻理解文章，做好完形填空。夹叙夹议型的完形填空一般又以下三个特征：1.先叙述自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后真对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2.作者先提出一种观点或看法。然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。3.提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步的总结和升华。对于夹叙夹议类的完形填空，抓住作者要说明的观点或要阐述的生活哲理是做好这一类型题目的关键，而作者叙述所发生的事件或生活经历只是为表达其思想服务的。（一）利用句首信息，推测语篇主旨完形填空所选短文的第一句常为主题句，一般不设空。把握了主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。例：As a general rule ,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they areperformed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact ,we can see this 41_atwork in people of all42 ages 41. A. principle B. habit C. way. D. power解析：本文首句为主题句，根据首句中的ageneral rule (一般规则）可知本空答案为principle.（二）寻找提示信息，重现语境意义完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，所以考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有提示，这种提示多为后面提示前面。一般来说，完型填空的四个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形，都是副词，都是名词复数形式等，所以要注意他们在意义上和搭配上的细微差别，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分，判别，从而选出正确答案。It runs in the 53_.Michaels father always helped thepoor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the54  (same).A pair of gloves may bea 55  (small) thing, but it canmake a big difference in winter.(2013课标II)53.A. city B family C. neighborhood D company答案：上文介绍了Michael Greenberg 总是送手套给穷人，而本空后又介绍了他的父亲从前也帮助过穷人，因此可以推断出乐于助人是Michael 家的传统。（三）识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词被称为“语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly,secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus ,therefore, so等；表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way 等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides，whats more，furthermore等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before，so for ,yet ,meanwhile ,later等；表示转折关系的语篇标志语有but, while,although等。在做完形填空时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top 41_ ,but on their way back conditions were very 42_ .(2014课标II)41. A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early解析：连词but提示上下文之间存在转折关系。下文提到Joe在回来的路上摔伤了腿，由此判断回程艰难，登顶成功（successfully）42. A. difficult B similar C. special D. normal解析：他们成功登顶，但是在返回的路上情况变得困难起来。（四）利用原词复现，寻找近义词语完型填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整而又有机的意义整体。在阅读文章的过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推侧判断，选出正确答案。Everyone started to 55_their hands .Suzy Khan gave them a shy smileand the applause was deafening .I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.55. A. clap B. wave C. raise D. shake答案: 由后面的applause (掌声)可知此处表示“大家开始鼓掌”.Clap ones hands 鼓掌（五）词语的习惯用法和固定搭配1. The nurse had him take a  36   in the waiting area,  37(telling) him it would be at least40 minutes  38(before)   someone would be able to see him. 36. A. breath B. test C. seat D.break答案 C固定搭配：take a seat【基础练习】练习一A weak old man went to live with his son, daughter-in-law, and a four-year old grandson. The old mans  hands _21_ and his eyesight was poor. The family ate together at table, but the elderly grandfathers shaky hands made eating rather_22_. Peas rolled off his spoon onto the floor. When he grasped the glass, often_23_spilled (泼洒) on the tablecloth.The son and daughter-in-law became_24_at the mess (脏乱). “We must do_25_about grandfather,” said the son. Ive had enough of his spilled milk and food on the floor. So the husband and wife set a small table in the corner. There, grandfather ate alone while the rest of the family had their dinner at the dinner table_26_. Since grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food was served in a_27_bowl. Sometimes when the family glanced in grandfathers_28_, he had a tear in his eye. Still, the couple always blamed him when he_29_a spoon or spilled food. The four-year-old watched it all in_30_.One evening before supper, the father_31_his son playing with small wood pieces. He asked the child sweetly, “What are you making ?” The boy_32_, “Oh, I am making a little bowl for you and mama to eat your food from when I grow up.” The words so_33_the couple that they were speechless. Then tears started to_34_. down their cheeks. Though no word was  _35_, both knew what must be done. That evening the husband took grandfathers hand and led him back to the family dinner table gently. From then on, the grandfather ate every meal with the family.21. A. trembled   B. covered  C. raised      D. pushed   22. A. interesting  B. convenient  C. amusing   D. difficult23. A. juice  B. milkC. soup  D. water24. A. shockedB. disappointed  C. angry  D. surprised25. A. anything  B. everything  C. nothing  D. something26. A. seriously  B. happily  C. sadly  D. slowly27. A. plastic  B. small  C. wooden   D. cheap28. A. way  B. direction  C. sight   D. situation29. A. dropped  B. threw  C. chose  D. touched  30. A. peace  B. relief      C. danger D. silence31. A. noticed  B. kept  C. heard   D. suggested32. responded        B. caught  C. hit  D. pushed33. A. attracted  B. stuck      C. struck  D.absorbed34.A. stream          B. go          C. fall         D. flood35. A. taught  B. told  C. spoken  D. written【答案解析】本文是一篇记述文，四岁的儿子看到父母不善待爷爷的行为后也效仿他们，为他们准备年老后使用的木碗，这一举动深深地触动了父母，他们痛改前非，开始善待老人。21. A。考查上下文呼应。由下文中的“shaky hands”可知老人因年老体衰而双手颤抖，所以选用tremble。22. D。考查语境理解。本句提到老人双手颤抖，后面两句又描写了就餐时的具体困难，由此可以推断出老人因而双手颤抖而就餐困难，所以选用difficult。23. B。考查后置信息。由第二段中的第三句可知由于老人双手颤抖而泼洒杯中的牛奶，所以选用milk。24. C。考查语篇理解。由下文中这对夫妇的做法可以推断出他们对父亲泼洒牛奶、把食物掉到地上、把家里弄得脏乱的行为大为恼火，所以选用angry。25. D。考查语境中不定代词的用法。本句是一个肯定句，要表达的意思是要对父亲（孩子的爷）采取一些措施，所以选用something。26. B。考查语境中的动词搭配。这里用set与后面的table搭配，意思是在角落单独摆放了一张餐桌，所以此处选用set。27. C。考查语境理解。由前面的“the grandfather ate alone”和“while”可知老人独自一个孤独地就就餐和一家其它三人幸福地就餐形成对比，所以选用happily。28. B。考查语篇理解。本句中提到老人偶尔会打一两个盘子，第三段中提到他们的儿子给他们准备年老后使用的木碗，所以选用wooden。29. A。考查语境中介词与名词的搭配。本句意为朝爷爷的方向看，in ones direction意为“朝某人的方向”，所以选用direction。30. D。考查介词与名词搭配构成的短语。四岁的儿子只好默不作声地看着，in silence意为“沉默地”，符合语境，所以选用silence。31. A。考查语境中动词短语的用法。固定短语notice sb doing sth意为“注意到某人做某事”，根据语境可知父亲看到儿子正在玩耍地上的木屑，所以选用noticed。32. B根据语境，得知是小孩子会发responded.33. D。考查语篇理解。由本句中的“speechless”和下句可知儿子的话深深地触动了这对夫妇，所以选用struck。34.A stream  vt流下来，表示泪水流下来了。35.C。考查动词搭配和语境理解。此句意为：尽管没有说一句话，夫妇都知道该怎么做，所以应该选用spoken。练习二My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, _41_ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its _42_throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for _43_ help during our spring break, for which I had no_44_ beyond listening to my favorite records. Id _45_ minimum wage. Id see how a factory_46_. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsys dad with their _47_.Our_48_in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose._49_ bunny from the belt. This was _50_ than it sounds._51_ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than Id _52_ .Dad _53_. The son of a grocer, hed spent the summers of his childhood_54_ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you_55_ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.41. A. soldB. orderedC. madeD. reserved42. A. storesB. familiesC. schoolsD. citizens43. A. generousB. financialC. technicalD. temporary44. A. plansB. problemsC. excusesD. hobbies45. A. offerB. earnC. setD. suggest46. A. workedB. closedC. developedD. survived47. A. ambitionB. permissionC. experienceD. invitation48. A. joysB. ideasC. rolesD. choices49. A. SaveB. KeepC. StopD. Remove50. A. harderB. betterC. longerD. cheaper51. A. Calm downB. Slow downC. Stay onD. Move on52. A. indicatedB. witnessedC. expectedD. remembered53. A. criedB. smiledC. hesitatedD. refused54. A. tastingB. findingC. sharingD. delivering55. A. withdrawB. donateC. receiveD. appreciate【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在一次春假时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制； C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭； C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的； B. financial财政的；C. technical技术的； D. temporary暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口； D. hobbies爱好。根据“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我没有其他计划。故选A。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得； C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据“minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据“I'd see how a factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作的。故选A。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的同意 。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历； D. invitation邀请。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我们已经在工厂工作了，所以必然是得到了他们的同意。故选B。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. joys欢乐； B. ideas观点；C. roles任务； D. choices选择。根据“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止； D. Remove移动。根据“bunny from the belt.”可知这里意思是把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的； C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来； B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据“and the cakes pile up”可知这里意思是慢一点，就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上的晚餐上告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料的要紧张。A. indicated表明； B. witnessed目击； C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据“This was 50 than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选C。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫； D. refused拒绝。根据“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送货。根据“The son of a grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dollars you earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。