2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 4　Space Exploration.docx

.认阅读单词1astronaut n宇航员；太空人2procedure n程序；步骤；手续3cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米4rocket n火箭；火箭弹5gravity n重力；引力6frontier n边境；国界；边远地区7vehicle n交通工具；车辆8satellite n人造卫星；卫星9orbit n(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕运行10giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n巨人；巨兽；伟人11leap n跳跃；剧增；剧变 (leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) vi.& vt.跳过；跃过12agency n(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处13transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送14data npl.资料；数据15ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的16spacecraft n航天器；宇宙飞船17spacewalk n太空行走；太空行走的时间18jade n玉；翡翠；玉器19dock vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)进港 n码头；船坞20solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的21solar system太阳系；类太阳系22sufficient adj.足够的；充足的23soap n肥皂24microwave n(also microwave oven)微波炉25tissue n纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织26facility n设施；设备27fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的28high-end adj.高端的29foam n泡沫橡胶；泡沫30pillow n枕头31smartphone n智能手机32closing adj.结尾的；结束的 n停业；关闭；倒闭.记重点单词1launch vt.& n发射；发起；上市2mankind n人类3signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n信号；标志4recycle vt.回收利用；再利用5muscle n肌肉；实力；影响力6float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流7otherwise adv.否则；要不然8beyond prep.在更远处；超出9current adj.当前的；现在的 n水流；电流；思潮10towel n毛巾；抹布11keen adj.热衷的；渴望的12shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的13pattern n模式；图案；模范14monitor n监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控15resource n资源；财力；物力16oxygen n氧；氧气.知拓展单词1mental adj.精神的；思想的mentally adv.精神上地2intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的intelligence n智慧3universe n宇宙；天地万物universal adj.宇宙的；通用的4determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的determine vt.查明；确定；决定determination n决心；果断5disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的disappoint vt.使失望disappointing adj.令人失望的disappointment n失望；沮丧6desire n渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望desired adj.渴望的，想要的7independent adj.独立的；自立的independently adv.独立地；自立地independence n独立；自立depend vi.依靠8lack vt.缺乏；没有 n缺乏；短缺lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的9globe n地球；世界；地球仪global adj.全球的；全面的10argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论argument n争论；争吵；论点11analysis n(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果analyz(s)e v分析12regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的13limited adj.有限的limitless/unlimited adj.无限的limit vt.& n限制14mystery n神秘事物；谜mysterious adj.神秘的15attach vt.系；绑；贴attached adj.附着的；依恋的attachment n附件；附属品；依恋1credit n信用；赞扬；学分 v(给银行账户)存入金额2criminal n罪犯；犯人3currency n货币；通货4customs n海关；关税5database n资料库，数据库6deadline n最后期限，截止日期.背核心短语1carry on继续做，坚持干2on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3in the hope of doing sth 抱着的希望4so as to (do sth)为了；以便5figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6result in导致；造成7as a result所以；结果(是)8provide for sb 提供生活所需9in closing最后10run out用完；耗尽.悟经典句式1These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.(make宾语宾补)这些悲剧使人们感到伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。2Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。3Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(主语beadj.to do)把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。4Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语)首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。5As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earths increasing population.(doing作前置定语)因此，太空技术有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe.They 1.launch rockets carrying satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are 2.determined to devote themselves to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3.disappointed.Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For 4.lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up,5.otherwise they would float around.They also need to figure out a way to store 6.sufficient food and oxygen.However，peoples desire to explore space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space 7.independently.This signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration，which is a shallow view.Our planets resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.In closing，we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n失望，沮丧)be disappointed at/with/by.对感到失望be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望be disappointed that.对失望to ones disappointment令某人失望的是(1)我对我父母收养了一个无家可归的男孩感到失望，好像他偷走了我父母的爱。我整天唉声叹气。意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。(读后续写之失望心理描写)I was disappointed that my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents love.I sighed away my days.Sensing that I was disappointed at/with/by his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my disappointment gradually gave way to my gratitude to him.(2)他对未能获奖感到极度失望，把自己锁在房间里。(读后续写之心理描写)Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself in the room.(3)To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mothers Day breakfast at the first attempt.(2021·新高考全国，读后续写)What made them disappointed/What disappointed them was that they failed to cook a Mothers Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)They failed to cook a Mothers Day breakfast at the first attempt，which made them disappointed/which disappointed them.(用定语从句改写) desire n渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物desire to do sth 渴望做某事desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事desire that.(should) do.渴望(1)The boy has a strong desire for a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games.(2)My foreign teacher desires his son to learn(learn) Chinese culture，so I strongly recommend Beijing Language and Culture University to him.(应用文写作之推荐信)(3)如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。(2022·天津3月，书面表达)If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)If you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that) signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n信号；标志；预示；信号灯signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事signal (sb) that示意(某人)traffic signals交通信号灯(1)The headteacher signaled to the monitor to manage(manage) the students strictly.(2)铃声响起，放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作链描写)The bell signaled that school was over，and the students rose to their feet，seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.(3)司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙送他到医院。幸运的是，一路上的交通信号畅通无阻。(读后续写之动作链描写)The driver lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital.Fortunately，the traffic signals were clear all the way. lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)(a) lack of缺少for/through lack of因缺少be lacking in在方面缺乏(1)For lack of sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.(2)健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。(话题写作之健康生活)Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and (a) lack of exercise.(3)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。(2021·新高考全国，读后续写)Though they lacked/were lacking in cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.Though lacking (in) cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写) argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证 (argument n争论；争辩；争吵；论点)argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事argue that.主张，认为argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事(1)The reason why he had an argument(argue) with his wife was that their money was running out.(2)He often argues with his son about/over recycling water so as to cut down the water bill.(3)They argued him into taking(take) exercise on a regular basis.(4)根据上面的表格，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语经典提高他们的英语水平。(2022·全国乙，书面表达)Based on the above chart,65% of the students argue for enjoying English songs while 18% of the students argue that they can have their English level improved by reading English classics. attach vt.系；绑；贴；把固定；重视 (attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的 attachment n附件；附属品；依恋)attach.to.把附在上；把绑在上attach importance/significance/value/weight to.认为有重要性/意义/价值/分量be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于(1)Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment(attach)(2)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more attached(attach) to Tony，the robot.(3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信)You can never attach too much importance to reading during the process of learning a language.(4)他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。(读后续写之动作链描写)He took out the hammock，attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music. run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)run across偶然遇到run after追逐；追求run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)用run的相关短语填空(1)The moment we ran across/into a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ran after it in excitement.(2)Davids energy was running out but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding(步履艰难) his way towards the finish line，bathed in sweat.(2022·新高考全国，读后续写)(3)I had run out of all my patience and I began to explode with anger. otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用“would/could have done”；表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用“would/could do”。otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句otherwise陈述句”。(1)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。We didnt know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand.(2)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。I have no money on me now.Otherwise，I would lend some to you.(3)快点，否则我们会错过末班车。Hurry up，otherwise/or we will miss the last bus. 动名词短语作主语Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。exploring space在句中作主语。doing作主语还有以下情况：(1)it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.“做某事没用。”；It is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事浪费时间。”(2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词doing作主语。(1)对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。Having a positive attitude to study is the reason why I respect you.(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。但是我知道感到害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)Being lost in the forest made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that it was no use feeling frightened and finding my way out of the forest was what I must do right now.(3)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。In my opinion，it is a waste of time playing computer games.(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.1The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging procedures.(2021·天津3月)该项目还导致用于执行医学影像程序的药物数量的减少。2Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us？(2021·全国甲)到底是为什么一些人比我们其他人聪明得多或者有创造性得多？3Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion unless he wants their support.(2019·天津6月)汤姆如此独立以至于他从来都不问父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。4Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution，but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and，because of their small size and weight，they cannot be recycled.(2021·全国乙)塑料吸管肯定不是塑料污染最大的来源，但是近来它们却备受争议，因为大部分人实际上并不需要吸管来喝东西，而且，由于体积小、重量轻，它们不能被回收。5If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.(2019·全国)如果你在室外运动，你的身体将学会深呼吸，使更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇.一词多义练/熟词生义练清除阅读障碍1current(1)Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. C (2)The current money in China is Renminbi. B (3)We should try our best to go with the current of the times. D (4)Students are placed into classes based on their current language skills. A 2otherwiseA.adv.以其他方式B.adv.否则；不然 C.adv.除此以外D.conj.否则；要不然(1)My parents lent me sufficient money.Otherwise，I couldnt have afforded the trip. B (2)Seize the chance，otherwise you wont enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.(2021·浙江6月，应用文写作) D (3)There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent. C (4)It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers. A 3快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Officials are not allowed to monitor the voting.监听，监视(2)The barman gave free drinks to the regulars at Christmas.老顾客(3)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. (2020·全国) vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划)(4)Start a business using the help of your local library.If you want to have a business of your own，your local library can become a launch space for it.(2020·天津7月)启动.核心知识强化练巩固语言知识1Mr Smith is determined(determine) to seek his fortune in the downtown area.2The young man had a strong desire to earn (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated.3He had to seek help from his colleagues for lack of experience.4Those who ignore the traffic signals(signal) cant escape being punished.5It was wise of him to admit what he had done otherwise he would have got(get) into series of trouble.6The diversity between minorities often brings about arguments(argue)7. Apart from the mild climate，the ethnic music also results in the prosperous tourism.8. Afterwards，he seemed to run out of fortune and finally he lost all his possessions.9The prince had his servant attach a jade accessory to his robe carefully.10Being blamed(blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands，tears rolling down my face.单句写作应用文增分练建议信因父母不支持而失望1你父母反对你的决定，你很失望。(be disappointed that；argue against)You are disappointed that your parents argue against your decision.2你渴望和朋友一起沿湄公河(the Mekong River)骑行。(desire to do)You desire to cycle along the Mekong River with your friends.3我认为平和地与你父母交流很重要。(attach importance to)I attach great importance to communicating with your parents in a peaceful way.4缺乏有效的面对面的交流只会恶化你和父母之间的关系。(lack)Lacking effective face-to-face communication can only worsen the relationship between you and your parents.5我深信你能说服你的父母支持你的决定。(argue sb into doing)I am greatly convinced that you can argue your parents into supporting your decision.微型写作续写提能练教材续写语料1情感描写keen adj.热衷的；渴望的intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的disappoint vt.使失望disappointing adj.令人失望的disappointment n失望；沮丧desire n渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望2动作描写leap vi.& vt.跳过；