14. 国际音标分类讲解.doc
前言(格言) Learn to walk before you run. 在跑之前,先学走路。I can because I think I can. 我行,因为我相信我行。2、二十六个英文字母Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz歌曲: Now you see, I can say my A B C3、48个国际音标(其中20个元音,28个辅音)20个元音中有12个单元音分为前元音、中元音、后元音,根据发音舌头位置分类。双元音有8个。28个辅音分为6类爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、半元音。也可根据声带是否震动分为清辅音和浊辅音。元音单元音前元音i:ieæ中元音:后元音u:u:a:双元音合口双元音eiaiiuau集中双元音iu辅音 爆破音清辅音ptk浊辅音bdg摩擦音清辅音fsh浊辅音vzð破擦音清辅音ttrts浊辅音ddrdz鼻音(浊辅音)mn舌则音(浊辅音)lr半元音(浊辅音)wj4、发音器官示意图及基本理论知识:下图中发音器官通过相互调节和配合,可以发出各种不同的语音。其中最重要的舌头,口齿不清很多时候就是因为舌头的不能灵活运用。例如:唇部的变化: 双唇可以平展,收圆,张大或缩小或完全闭合。舌位的变化:舌头可以伸缩、后缩、抬高或降低、平伸或反卷。改变气流而产生不同发音。二、前元音 i: i 1、发音及字母组合发音要点: 舌前端抬高,轻触下齿,双唇扁平,口腔近于合,声带有滑动。 i: 字母组合: e ee ea ie ei he me green tree sheep meet meat piece pi:s receive ri'si:v 例句1: Please keep these streets clean(请保持这些街道干净)please pli:z Keep ki:p保持 these ði:z Streetstri:t 街道 clean kli:n 干净例句2: A friend in need is a friend indeed(患难之交才是真朋友)needni:d需要 indeed in'di:d确实例句3:I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice-cream! i 发音字母 i y e ui u a发音要点:舌尖抵下齿,舌位要比/i:/稍低,口型扁平,比/i:/稍大,发音短促。miss six it fit happy busy 'bizi early ':li twenty 'twentibuild defect di'fekt decide di'said delicious di'lis例句1: The little kid will fix his little ship.例句2:She filled my dish with fish例句3:His sister is ill. Give her a pill if she is sick.(讲解ill-hill bill till pill will, sister sick)2、脱口而出(speak out):注意发好/i:/和/i/的音Eat more fish, less meat. 多吃鱼,少吃肉。There is a bee on the leaf of that peach tree. 那棵桃树的叶子上有只蜜蜂。Have a sweet dream. 做个美梦。二、前元音 e æ 1、发音及字母组合 e 字母组合 ea e a 发音要素:舌尖抵下齿,舌前稍抬起,牙床半合,上下齿间可容一食指,唇形稍扁。head bread pleasure'ple lesson better bed desk hotel yesjes yellow 'jelu many'meni any 'eni例句1:Let's get together when the weather is better.重点单词:together t'eð,when hwen weather 'weð better bet例句2:East or west, home is best.3) æ 发音字母 a发音要素:舌尖抵下齿,舌身放平,口张开2/3,上下齿间能容两个手指左右。bag and hand fan ant happy hat map mad badback black glad flag shall (讲解and hand fan; lab black glad flag) Ant Elegant 优雅的例句1: It is very bad of you to talk back to your dad.你竟然和你爸爸顶嘴,真是太无礼了。 That black man has hæz taken my jacket 'dækit。那个黑人拿走了我的夹克衫。2、脱口而出(speak out):注意发好/e/和/ æ /的音Ann sent Andy ten hens and Andy sent Ann ten pens. Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? 你能够像罐头工人一样装罐头吗?How many cans can a canner can if a canner can can cans? 如果一个开罐头的工人能够开罐头,他可以开多少个罐头呢?They sent us the best map of Japan d'pæn they had.1、:发音及字母组合发音要素:舌中部稍隆起,口开二分之一,发长音.字母组合: or ir ur ear er orwork girl nurse first dirty bird heard worm(虫子)例句1:First come, first served. 先到先得。例句2:You hurt me, I will curse you. 你伤害了我,我要诅咒你。2、发音及字母组合发音要素: 舌身平放,口腔肌肉放松,唇形自然张开,发短音。字母组合: er or ou ar o a e uteacher farmer doctor delicious collar today lesson Washington ago china例句1:Birds of feather 'feð flock together. 物以类聚.3、发音及字母组合发音要素:口腔打开,舌中部稍抬,唇形稍扁,发音短促。字母组合: 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper cup bus fun come mother love above trouble blood flood例句1: Could you come for lunch? 你能来吃午饭吗? I would love to. But 我很愿意,但是4、a: 发音及字母组合发音要素: 口要尽量张大,舌身放平,发音时中气要足,圆润饱满.字母组合 ar acar farm card garden fast class last glass plant 例句1:Can you pass the exam? No, it is too hard. 你能通过数学考试吗?不能,太难了。一、元音u: u 和 : 1、u:发音及字母组合发音要素: 发长元音时,舌根部隆起,双唇收圆/收小并向前突出,口腔肌肉保持紧张。字母组合: oo o ufood move/mu:v/ moon room goose shoe do two例句1:Its true, that is what I want to do. /u:/ /u:/2、u发音及字母组合发音要素: 发短元音/u/时,舌位比/u:/稍低,口型比/u:/稍大些,口腔肌肉放松,发音短促。字母组合: oo ou u olook book wood good foot put should/ud / could /kud/ full bull pull 例句1:Let me look at the book.让我看一看这本书。 /u/ /u/3、:发音及字母组合发音要素: 发长元音:时,舌根隆起,双唇收圆略向前突字母组合: al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walk more for door lord horse sport floor short author autumn four例句1:What are you looking for? 你在找什么? 4、发音及字母组合发音要素: 发短元音时,口要张大,舌身平放,双唇稍稍收圆,发音短促。字母组合: o a ouhot dog fox lot not shop fox box wash watch 例句1:I bought a dog, Paul. 我买了一只狗,保罗。 /:/ / /:/一、合口双元音ei ai i: u au1、ei发音及字母组合字母组合: a ay ea ai ey say may way cake late plane play gate great grey break rain April 'eiprl 例句1:No pains, no gains. 一分劳动,一分收获。2、ai发音及字母组合字母组合: i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye例句1:Mike is flying a kite in the sky。 麦克正在风筝。3、i:发音及字母组合字母组合: oy oiboy toy joy oil soil voice choice 例句1:His answer is not to the point. 他没有答到要点。 4、u发音及字母组合字母组合: cold go no phone fun know low blow below hostboat coat goal grow flow home5、au发音及字母组合字母组合: au 字母组合 ou ow Out loud sound flour house mouse around 'raund ground raund例句1:How about going out? 出去走走怎么样?一、集中双元音i u1、i发音及字母组合字母组合: eer ear ear beer deer near here hear idea 'ai'di例句1:I tried to hear, but I can't hear with my ear我试着去听 但是听不清楚。2、发音及字母组合字母组合: ear air ereair care fair hair pear bear chair there where例句1:Take care of the hare, it is very rare. 看护好那只野兔,它非常珍贵。3、u发音及字母组合字母组合: oor our ure poor tourpure sure 例句1:The tour guide is from a poor family. 那位导游来自一个贫困的家庭。