11. 音标讲解教程.doc

音标英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音 /:/ /:/ / :/ /i:/ /u:/ 短元音 / / / / / /e/ /æ/双元音 /e/ /a/ / / /e/ / / /a/辅音（28个）轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ / /s/浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ 轻辅音 / /h/ /ts/ /t/ /tr/ 浊辅音 / / r/ /dz/ /d/ /dr/ 鼻音 /m/ /n/ / 半元音 /j/ /w/边音 /*嘴巴的形状会直接影响到发音的效果，口型对了，不需要短促有力，发多久也是对的元音单元音1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/1). /i:/音高 咧嘴 舌尖抵下齿， 像笑一样/i:/ 发这个音的字母和字母组合 e ea eebee/bi:/ meat /mi:t/ team /ti:m/ sheep/ip/piece/pi:s/ keep /ki:p/ sweet /swi:t/ thief /i:f/eg. Can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field. Speeding on the freeway. He and she.2). /i/嘴唇微张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微抬高，舌头略微向后缩/i/发这个音的字母和字母组合 i e(begin) y(happy) ey(monkey) ay（sunday） big /big/ dig /dig/ kick /kik/ tip /tip/ zip /zip/ quick /kwik/ fish/fi/ nick /nik/ Jim /dim/eg. Be quick! Be quick! Well go to the cinema. What is it? It is a ticket.*/i:/ & /i/对比练习：sit/sit/ ship/ip/ seat/si:t/ sheep/ip/ hit/hit/ hill/hil/ heat/hi:t/ heal/hi:l/ sleep/sli:p/ eat/i:t/slip/slip/ it/it/reach/ seek/rich/ sick/eg.Been/bean I ate a bean./I have been there.Eat/ it I eat it.Beat/ bit The beat is a bit strong.Keys/ kiss Give me a kiss for the keys.Feet/ fit These shoes fit my feet.Peel/ pill Dont peel that pill.Sheep/ ship There are sheep on the ship.These/ this These are better than this one.Deed/did He did the deed.Cheek/ chick The chicks cheek is soft.3). /e/唇形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微隆起（下巴向下“点”）/e/ 发这个音的字母和字母组合 e eaegg bell desk leg pet bread head elephanteg. The vet is fed up with that wet, dead pet. Who lead Ted to the dead head in the bed? 4). /æ/嘴张大且拉向两边，呈扁平型，舌尖抵下齿/æ/发这个音的字母和字母组合 adad cap bad apple standeg. Cat! Cat! Catch that fat cat.I cannot imagine Sam wrote a bad exam. Dad patted the cat. e 和 æ 对比 ： bed bad met - mat Ken can men - man sent sank shed shack let lad set sat peck pack bet bat red rat jet Jack *四个音标对比：/i:/ heat /i/ hit /e/ het /æ/ hat 例句：The beans have been cooking since six oclock. Sit in that seat by the window.We ate our meal, by the mill.The seal will live in the ocean.Tims team grinned after seeing the green field.Pip and Pete shipped the sheep cheaply.Those bins are for Bills beans.Does Jim still steal Jills jeans?The girls put concrete on Jills sneakers.Pick cherries at their peak or you will eat the pits.2. /u:/ / /:/ / 1). /u:/嘴型小而圆，嘴唇外凸，尽量向前，舌头向后缩，发此音喉咙和腮帮有略微紧张感发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo uiBlue Booth News Juice Loosen RulerFood Choose Mood Moving Loop Kneweg. The room in the school was very cool. Viewing the moon on June nights.Do you remember the woman who lived in a shoe? She hadnt a clue what to do when her family grew. Well, through your help, they are moving in June into two big boots2). /嘴唇张开，略向前突出，上嘴唇向上翘，嘴型收圆并放松，舌后部向上抬起，舌头后缩发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u. Foot Took Cook womanGood Look Book Puteg. Wheres the cook book ? Please take a look.*一般情况下，在字母”l, m, n”前面，”oo”发长音/u:/; 而在字母 “t, d, k”前面，”oo”发短音/u/*/u:/和/对比a. 同一单词中两种音都有 WoodWould you help me?Hollywood, Californiab. food-foot pool-pull fool-full 例句 He took a good look under the hood and found a flute. Julie enjoys good books after school. He put his foot in the new boot. She took her students to the brook to wash their shoes. We pulled him out of the swimming pool. The fool ate until he was full.3). /:/ 双唇收的小而圆，向前突出，舌身向后缩发这个音的字母和字母组合al au ou aw (or oor)Small draw talk tall strawberryAuthor caught autumn bought horse flooreg. Paul plays basketball. I am Paul. I am tall. Give me a call. I'm looking forward to meeting you.Force yourself to do more.It's important for us to practice more. 4). / （与/:/的口型几乎完全相反）口型完全张开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍微收圆,像“啊”发这个音的字母和字母组合 o aHot Top Stop Probably Follow Not Sock Product Solve Problemeg. Bob opened the box and followed the instructions.Tom put some cotton, rocks and a doorknob in his locker.His mom made a concrete model of a hockey rink./:/和/的对比Pot-port shot-short*四个音标对比/u:/-boot fool/u/-book full/:/-bought fall/-bot3. / :/ / /:/ /1). / :/ 嘴型扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌头放平，舌中部微微抬起，有齿间距，肌肉略微紧张发这个音的字母和字母组合 er ir ur ear orHer serve bird girl dirty nurse Thursday turtle early learn word worldeg. The nurse saw a turtle on her purple curtain. He died of the burns he received in the fire.The girl is a nurse.2). /嘴唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，舌中部微微隆起发这个音的字母和字母组合 ure er ar or a ePicture teacher dinner sister sugarDoctor panda above about Chinaeg. Whats the matter with you? Id like to have dinner with you tonight.The operation is a success and now the patient is out of danger.3). /:/口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴收低，放松发音 (与读“啊”的区别就是下巴要往下)发这个音的字母和字母组合 a ar au earGrass class plant fast car March car dark laugh heart eg. Its too far to see the shark; Its too dark to see the shark. Oh! The sharks teeth are sharp.If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.The farm is far from the park.4). /嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍微抬起，齿间距为两指的高度发这个音的字母和字母组合 o u oo ou Son come love supper us Sun gun touch cousin countryeg. Hurry up! Hurry up! A duck cuts a bug in the mud. This cup is made of stainless steel.Under the bus./:/和/的区别Cut-cart luck-lark duck-darkTough-task far-fun bus-bath*单元音绕口令1.Betty Bought a bit of better butter. “But,” she said, “this butters bitter. If I bake this bitter butter. It would make my batter bitter. But a bit of better butter. That would make my batter better.” So she bought a bit of butter. Better than her bitter butter. And she baked it in her batter; And the batter was not bitter. So it was better Betty Botter. Bought a bit of better butter.2. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish. 3. All I want is a proper cup of coffee made in a proper copper coffee pot, you can believe it or not, but I just want a cup of coffee in a proper coffee pot. Tin coffee pots or iron coffee pots are of no use to me. If I can't have a proper cup of coffee in a proper copper coffee pot, I'll have a cup of tea!4. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought. 5. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood. A big black bug bit a big black bear. Where's the big black bear the big black bug bit? 双元音发音要领：发音时，由第一个音向第二个音滑动，口型有个过程。双元音都是“降读式”，即先高后低，先长后短，先重后轻。1. /ei/ 嘴巴从大到小，口型由半开到闭合，发音前长后短，前重后轻. /e/到/i/滑动 -à”A”发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ayCake name snake rain trainPain paint day play wayeg. Rain, rain, go away. Come again another day. Little kids, want to play. Rain, rain go away. He kept us waiting for ages while he packed his luggage. The baby snake lived in a painted cage. No pains, no gains. 不劳无获2./ai/a/重读，/i/轻读，口型由大到小，牙齿由全开到闭合-à “I”发这个音的字母和字母组合 i y ie uyKite nice tiger by flyWhy tie pie buy knifeEg. Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night. Never say die.Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁3./ i/前重后轻，双唇由圆形 到扁形” i”发这个音的字母和字母组合 oi oyOil boil coin boy toyEg. One boy is a boy. Two boys are half boy. Three boys are no boy.Some soils are not suitable for farming.The spoiled boys annoying voice4. /a/前重后轻，口型由大到小，双唇收圆，舌后部逐渐慢慢抬高(舌位由低到高)发这个音的字母和字母组合 ou owHouse mouse mouth Cow how downtownEg. A mouse ran into a cows mouth in front of the house. You will sound like a native speaker, if you practice over 1000 times. Her house is on the South side of the mountain.5. /口型有半开到小,舌位由半低到高发这个音的字母和字母组合 o oa owNose rose over boatGoat window snow showEg. Leo, Leo. Lets go! You are too slow! I dont hope so!Ive told you so. I dont know where the hole is on the coat.Does Joe know how to drive on the road? 6. / 前重后轻，双唇始终半开<嘴不要张的太大>. 由/i/很快滑向 /发这个音的字母和字母组合 ear eerEar hear tear deer beer ideaEg. Open your ear, listen my idea. Give the deer, a glass of beer. Is it clear?Life is not all beer and skittles.The deer is full of fear.7. /e/前重后轻，舌尖抵下齿，双唇半开发这个音的字母和字母组合 air earHair chair pear bear wearEg. A bear is eating a pear over there. You must care the pears on the chair.It's not fair to kick another player in football.Where are their pears?8. /前重后轻，双唇由收圆到半开，不能把/发的太长发这个音的字母和字母组合 oor our urePoor tour sure pureEg. I am sure the water is a lure on a tourGetting third prize was poor consolation for all their hard work.I assure you he is not poor.*双元音绕口令1. Say this sharply, say this sweetly, say this shortly, say this softly. Say this sixteen times in succession. 2. Franc's father is frying French fries for his five fire-fighter friends after they finished a fire-fighting in a factory. 3. A pleasant peasant keeps a pleasant pheasant and both the peasant and the pheasant are having a pleasant time together.4. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.辅音1. /p/双唇紧闭（抿回去），然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，声带不振动 （清）发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop apple happy eg. Practice makes perfect. Peter is picking plums and apples. Pat and Paul met each other in a park.2. /b/与/p/发音规则相同，只有一点-à 声带振动 （浊）发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb book ball bird big banana rubber rabbit cabbageEg. Grab a bite. The big building is two blocks away. The robber broke into the bank, but was caught by the police. 3. /t/舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，声带不振动 （清）发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket butter mattereg. My pet was a cat. It sat in a hat and watched a rat. Whats the date today? 4. /d/与/t/发音规则相同，只有一点-à 声带振动 （浊）发这个音的字母和字母组合d edduck seed door desk day red smiled opened playedeg. Dicks dad gives Ted a kind of delicious food in his red dirty hand. The old ladys daughter is a doctor. Dicks daughter Diana doesnt like dancing.5. /k/ 舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气， 舌头突然间离开，将气送出，像咳嗽一样，声带不振动 （清）发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck cap cook cup cook milk key clock sock cock neckeg. The kids often go hiking at weekends. Cut your coat according to your cloth. A cook is looking for a book, he wants to cook a cake in a cooker for all of the cooks.6. /g/与/k/发音规则相同，只有一点-à 声带振动 （浊）发这个音的字母和字母组合g ggglass golf get girl bag goat flag eggeg. A good beginning makes a good ending. He is a good guy. A good beginning makes a good ending.7./f/尚持轻轻地接触下唇，（不要咬）吹气，气流从上齿和下唇间的空隙通过形成摩擦，声带不振动 （清）发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph gh five fan flower leaf giraffe phone elephant laugheg. Beautiful flowers He found himself face-to-face with his father.8. /v/与/f/发音规则相同，只有一点-à 声带振动 （浊）发这个音的字母和字母组合v vevideo vase vest five love violineg. It is very difficult for us to finish it before five. No matter where you move, no matter what you have, no matter how you live. Remember our love. *leave-leaf save-safe prove-proof veal-feel 9./s/双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿缝间送出，声带不振动 （清）发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ce star sun pencil city grass glass face niceeg. My sister is a nurse. She is very nice. Speak less and listen more. Sally always suffers from sea-sickness when she is at sea.10./z/与/s/发音规则相同，只有一点-à 声带振动 （浊）发这个音的字母和字母组合z s sezero zebra zoo bags photos nose roseeg. Boys and girls, who lose a goose in a zoo? Raise your hands please. Sam collects horse-grasses and all sorts of glasses.11. /舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻（放松，不要使劲）咬住舌尖，送气，声带不振动 （清）发这个音的字母和字母组合ththree thin third teeth moutheg. A thousand thanks. The sea covers almost three- fourths of the earth surface. These clothes arent worth anything.12. /ð/与/发音规则相同，只有一点-à 声带振动 （浊）发这个音的字母和字母组合thfather mother brother clothes weatherEg. Mr. Smith talked about this, that, and the other. They are theirs. He left his father and mother and went abroad with his brother Arthur.* breath-breathe teeth-teethe worth-worthy north-northern Thin-sin thing-sing think-sink thick-sick* Tongue twistersThe throng of thermometers from the Thuringian Thermometer Folks arrived on Thursday. There were a thousand thirty-three thick thermometers, though, instead of a thousand thirty-six thin thermometers, which was three thermometers fewer than the thousand thirty-six we were expecting, not to mention that they were thick ones rather than thin ones. We thoroughly thought that we had ordered a thousand thirty-six, not a thousand thirty-three, thermometers, and asked the Thuringian Thermometer Folks to reship the thermometers, thin, not thick. They apologized for sending only a thousand thirty-three thermometers rather than a thousand thirty- six and promised to replace the thick thermometers with thin thermometers. 13. / 双唇微开，向前突出，舌尖升近上龈，用力将气息送出来，发“师”音. (清)发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh chsugar sure ship nation fishing chicagoeg. She sells seashells by the sea shore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells. 14. /ZSH与/发音规则相同，只有一点-à 声带振动 （浊）发这个音的字母和字母组合s television, usually, Asia usual (u zshu al) massage chefeg. Television give me pleasure. Pleasure makes treasure. Its not unusual for people to study division in Asia15. /t/双唇略微张开，突出，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，发“吃”音，声带不振动 （清）发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tchteacher peach cherry chair watch eg. Chalse is catching a chicken in the kitchen. He had a feeling that she was being watched. Jane had chicken and French fries for lunch.16./d/ 与/t/发音规则相同，只有一点-à 声带振动 （浊）发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dgeginger giraffe jump job orange cabbage eg. Its a famous bridge. Its not strange. His attempts at cooking are a complete joke. Just for a joke, we mixed gin and ginger with some jam.