【课件】Unit+1Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件人教版（2019）必修第二册.pptx
Revision 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(1)(1)定语从句是在句中修饰、限制或补充说明一个名词(或代词)的从句。被定语从句修饰的名词(或代词)叫。(2)引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系词(that、which、who、whom、whose等)和关系词(when、where、why等)。2.定语从句的种类情景导学情景导学Hissonwho/thatisadoctorismybestfriend.(限制性定语从句)他当医生的那个儿子是我最好的朋友。Hisson,whoisadoctor,ismybestfriend.(非限制性定语从句)他的儿子是一个医生,他是我最好的朋友。先行词先行词代代副副限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(2)一、关系副词情景导学情景导学Istillrememberthe daywhenIwasawardedtheprize.我还记得我获奖的那天。The farmwheretheyworkisnotfarfromhere.他们工作的那个农场离这里不远。Wehavereached a pointwherenothingcanbedone.我们已经到了无能为力的地步了。Hedidnttellmethe reasonwhyhewassoupset.他没有告诉我他如此心烦意乱的原因。用法归纳用法归纳1.定语从句的关系副词有三大作用:(1)引导作用:引导定语从句。(2)包含作用:在意义上,关系副词等于“介词介词+先行词先行词”;在结构上,每个关系副词都可以转换为“+which”。(3)成分作用:因为是副词,所以它们都在定语从句中充当,三个常见的关系副词对应三种状语。2.三个常见的关系副词的用法关系副词先行词在定语从句中作的成分when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语whyreason原因状语介词介词状语状语3.where引导定语从句的特殊用法引导定语从句的特殊用法where引导定语从句时,先行词可以表示抽象的地点抽象的地点,如reachapointwhere.(到达的地步)、inacasewhere.(在的情况下)、inanactivitywhere.(在的活动中)、inasituationwhere.(在的情况下)、inthejobwhere.(在的工作中)。二、二、“介词介词+which/whom”引导定语从句引导定语从句情景导学情景导学1Illneverforgetthe days on which(=when)westudiedtogether.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。Thisisthe townin which(=where)Shakespearewasborn.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。Theresnoreasonfor which(=why)weshouldntbefriends.我们没有理由不成为朋友。Inthestreet,therewasntasinglepersonto whomshecouldturn.在大街上,没有一个她可以求助的人。用法归纳用法归纳1定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前,形成“介词+关系代词”结构。“介词+which”有时可以替代、why;“介词+whom”在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系副词可替代。情景导学情景导学2Thisisasubjectaboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile.这是一个我们可能会长时间争论的话题。用法归纳用法归纳2“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据介词与或形容词的固定搭配确定用什么介词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为wemightargueaboutthesubjectforalongwhile,故介词选择about。whenwhere动词动词特别提醒特别提醒有些含有介词的动词短语不能拆开,从而不能将介词提到关系代词前面构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,比如lookfor、lookafter、takecareof等。The patientwhom/whomysisterislookingafterisgettingbetter.()Thepatientafterwhommysisterislookingisgettingbetter.()我姐姐正在照顾的那个病人正在好转。情景导学情景导学3Illneverforgetthe dayon whichshesaidgoodbyetome.我永远不会忘记她与我告别的那一天。用法归纳用法归纳3“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据介词与的搭配确定用什么介词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为shesaidgoodbyetomeonthatday,故介词选择on。先行词先行词情景导学情景导学4Thecolorlessgaswithout whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种没有它我们就无法生存的无色的气体被称为氧气。用法归纳用法归纳4“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据句子表达的意思确定用什么介词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为wecannotlivewithoutthecolorlessgas,故介词选择without。即时巩固即时巩固单句语法填空1.(2022全国新高考)Someofourmemories(are)funny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearsourchildrenwerelittle.2.ThereasonIdonttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.3.Thisisthecamerawhichheoftentakesphotos.4.Creatingarelaxingatmosphereemployeesarelessscaredtostatetheirviewsisabigchallenge.5.Wellgotomeetthefamoussingeraboutweoftentalk.6.Theoldmanbecameveryworried,unabletofindamanwhomhecouldturnforhelp.whenwhywithwherewhomto7.HewillalwaysrememberthedaywhichhisfatherreturnedfromBeijing.8.Themainreasonwhichhelosthisjobwasthatheoftendrank.onforPraticemakesperfect!wherewhenwherewhichwhyPage648|strugglen.&vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.当我开始学习德语时,那是困难的(教材P64)情景导学情景导学Forseveraldayswestruggledwith/againstthewindandwaves.我们与风浪斗争了好几天。Theworkershavestruggledforbetterworkingconditionsforalongtime.工人们已经为更好的工作条件奋斗了很长时间了。ThiswasthefirsttimeIstruggledtolearnasong.这是我第一次努力学一首歌(2021天津)用法归纳用法归纳struggle.与作斗争strugglesth.努力做某事;挣扎着做某事struggle.努力争取;为而奋斗struggletoonesfeet挣扎着站起来with/againsttodofor2|the+比较级.,the+比较级.越(就)越Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.这是对大脑的锻炼,我对一门语言了解的越多,我的大脑就会越发达(教材P64)情景导学情景导学Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你工作越努力,你取得的进步就越大。Themorepeopleareinvolved,thebettertheoceanenvironmentwillbe.参与的人越多,海洋环境就越好。(写作海洋保护)用法归纳用法归纳“the+比较级.,the+比较级.”意为“越(就)越”,表示后者随着前者的变化而变化,the用在或的比较级前。形容词形容词副词副词通常情况下,前一个“the+比较级.”相当于条件状语从句,后一个“the+比较级.”相当于主句,在表示将来意义时,相当于从句的部分常用表示将来。在“the+比较级.,the+比较级.”结构中,有时根据具体语境可以省略一些成分,特别是在谚语、俗语中。通常是省略be动词或主语为it时的主语和谓语。结构拓展结构拓展“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越”;如果是多音节形容词或副词,则用“moreandmore+形容词或副词原级”。Withthesummercoming,thedayisbecominglongerandlonger.随着夏天的到来,白天变得越来越长。一般现在时一般现在时关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系代词关系代词that人人/物物主语，宾语，表语主语，宾语，表语which物物主语，宾语，表语主语，宾语，表语who人人主语，宾语主语，宾语(无介词无介词)，表语，表语whom人人宾语宾语whose人人/物物定语定语.的的关系副词关系副词When=介词介词+which时间时间时间状语时间状语Where=介词介词+which地点地点地点状语地点状语Why=for+whichreason原因状语原因状语限制性定限制性定语从句从句(3)(3)一、限制性定语从句的引导词一、限制性定语从句的引导词情景导学情景导学Thisisthecomputerthat/which/(省略省略)heboughtforhissonyesterday.这是他昨天为他儿子买的电脑。Thewomanwho/thatprotestedagainstthedecisionatthemeetingisAmysmanager.在会上公开反对该决定的那位女士是Amy的经理。Themanwhoseproposalwaspraisedbythecommitteeismyformerclassmate.提议受到委员会表扬的那个人是我以前的同学。ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.这支笔和我昨天买的笔一样。(同样的但不是同一个）Thatwasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.那是两国交战的时期。Thisisthereasonwhyhehasbeenpromotedtoheadofthisdepartment.这就是他被提升为这个部门的负责人的原因。Thisisthefarmwhereweworkedwhenwewereyoung.这就是我们年轻时干活的农场。用法归纳用法归纳(1)限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整,这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间不用逗号分开。(2)引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which、as,关系副词有where、when、why。关系词关系词先行词先行词在从句中充当的成分在从句中充当的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物或事物或事主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语as人、物或事人、物或事主语、宾语主语、宾语whose人或物人或物定语定语when时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语where地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语why原因名词原因名词(reason)原因状语原因状语二、限制性定语从句需要注意的问题二、限制性定语从句需要注意的问题1.在限制性定语从句中在限制性定语从句中,关系代词指物时宜用关系代词指物时宜用that不宜用不宜用which的情况的情况:情景导学情景导学1HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的所有东西你都记下来了吗?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。用法归纳用法归纳1先行词为all、everything、little、few、none、nothing、anything、much等时。情景导学情景导学2WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.当人们谈及杭州时,第一个想到的就是西湖。不定代词不定代词用法归纳用法归纳2先行词是或被其修饰时。情景导学情景导学3ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。用法归纳用法归纳3先行词是形容词最高级或被其时。情景导学情景导学4Theonlythingthatshecoulddowasgotothepolicestationforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去警察局求助。ThisistheverydocumentthatMotherhasbeenlookingfor.这就是妈妈一直在找的那份文件。序数词序数词修饰修饰用法归纳用法归纳4先行词被all、every、no、thelast等修饰时。情景导学情景导学5CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗?用法归纳用法归纳5当先行词既有人又有物时。情景导学情景导学6Whichisthedamthatthefamouscompanydesignedandbuilt?这家著名的公司设计和建造的水坝是哪座?用法归纳6主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,关系代词常用that。theonlythevery2.当先行词是表示时间的当先行词是表示时间的time、day等或表示地点的等或表示地点的place、house等时等时,一定要注一定要注意分析从句的结构意分析从句的结构,弄清关系词在从句中所作的成分。弄清关系词在从句中所作的成分。情景导学情景导学Istillrememberthedaythat/which/(省略省略)wespenttogetherinthecity.我仍然记得我们在那个城市一起度过的那一天。ThisistheroomwhereLauShawoncelived.这是老舍曾经居住过的房间。用法归纳用法归纳分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语、宾语或表语,关系词应用或that(作宾语时可省略),缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或。3.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句情景导学情景导学Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?whichwhereWearelookingforthepersontowhomthebookbelongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。用法归纳“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whom或which,不用who或that。如果先行词指“”,用“介词+whom”;如果先行词指“”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。4.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构中的介词的确定结构中的介词的确定情景导学情景导学1ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。用法归纳用法归纳1根据介词与先行词搭配的意义确定用什么介词根据介词与先行词搭配的意义确定用什么介词。人人物物情景导学情景导学2Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的大街上,没有一个她可以求助的人。TradinginleathershoesisthecareerinwhichtheGreensareinterested.做皮鞋生意是格林一家感兴趣的事业。用法归纳用法归纳2根据从句中介词与根据从句中介词与或或 的固定搭配确定用什么介词。的固定搭配确定用什么介词。注意:在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如lookafter、lookfor、listento、payattentionto、takecareof等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(误)护士们照顾的那些婴儿很健康。动词动词形容词形容词Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)护士们照顾的那些婴儿很健康。情景导学情景导学3Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的、没有它我们就无法生存的气体被称为氧气。用法归纳用法归纳3根据句子表达的意思确定用什么介词。根据句子表达的意思确定用什么介词。即时巩固即时巩固单句语法填空1.(2022全国新高考)Producingfoodnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.2.(2022全国新高考)Someofourmemoriesarefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearsourchildrenwerelittle.3.(2022全国新高考)Inaworldnearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonthscoverstory.4.(2021全国甲)TheXianCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallhassurvivedChinaslonghistory.that/whichwhenwherethat5.(2021全国新高考)Thiswasthesortofworkmadeyouappreciatethedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosedidthework,hetoldme.6.(2021全国乙)Wehadawomanpatientwasrecoveringfromakneereplacementoperation.7.(2019天津)NosoonerdidsheleavemydoorstepthanIhademailsfromtwowomen_kidsgotomysonsnurseryandrecognizedmyface.8.(2019全国)Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithhesonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).9.(2019浙江)Thereareseveralreasonsschooluniformsareagoodidea.10.IwillrememberthedayforeverwhichIwonthefirstplaceinthecontest.11.ThecomputerwhichIpaid4,000yuanismadeinthatcompany.that/whichwhowho/thatwhosewhowhomwhyonfor12.Tombringstheresultwhichhisfatherwillbesatisfied.13.Thewriterandhisbooktheyhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.14.Mymotherwantstogotothecityshevisited3yearsago.withthatthat/which
