初中英语中考二轮复习+专题一 名词课件.pptx
第二编语法专题突破名词第二编语法专题突破考点考点1名词的数名词的数1.可数名词(1)名词变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况下,在名词词尾加-smapmaps,boyboys以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-esbusbuses,boxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrushes以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,先将y变成i,再加-esdictionarydictionaries,countrycountries以f或fe结尾的名词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-esleafleaves,knifeknives以o结尾的名词,有生命的在词尾加-es;无生命的在词尾加-sheroheroes,tomatotomatoes,photophotos第二编语法专题突破注意初中阶段以o结尾的单词只有tomato,potato,hero,superhero后面加-es,其他以o结尾的单词都加-s。第二编语法专题突破(2)名词变复数的不规则变化构成方法例词a变emanmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemenoo变eefootfeet,toothteeth单复数同形sheepsheep,deerdeer某国人:中日不变,英法变,其余后面加-sChineseChinese,FrenchmanFrenchmen,GermanGermans其他mousemice,childchildren第二编语法专题突破(3)可数名词的修饰词many(许多),afew(一些;几个),few(几乎没有),several(几个),anumberof(许多),acoupleof(一对;几个),howmany(多少),toomany(太多)。第二编语法专题突破2.不可数名词(1)不可数名词的量化不可数名词表示数量时,用“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”表示。不可数名词无复数形式,如果变复数,只变计量名词。apieceofpaper一张纸,twopiecesofpaper两张纸,aglassofmilk一杯牛奶,fourglassesofmilk四杯牛奶(2)不可数名词的修饰词much(许多),alittle(一点儿),little(几乎没有),howmuch(多少),toomuch(太多),abitof(一点儿),agreat/gooddealof(很多),alargeamountof(大量的)。第二编语法专题突破3.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词,但意义不同 名词可数不可数名词可数不可数orange橙子橙汁room房间空间chicken鸡鸡肉time次数;倍数时间paper试卷;报纸;文件纸life生命生活experience经历经验work作品工作glass玻璃杯玻璃light电灯光exercise练习锻炼fish鱼鱼肉第二编语法专题突破即学即练1.(2023青岛市北区二模)These(German)havebeeninChinaformanyyears.2.(2022扬州)Workingasateammeanscelebrating(victory)andfacinglossestogether.3.(2022泰州)ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin(长津湖)showedusmany(hero)intheWartoResistUSAggressionandAidKorea(抗美援朝战争).4.Therearemore(sheep)inAustraliathaninJapan.5.(2021广安改编)Westernpeopleliketouse(knife)andforkswhiletheyareeating.Germansvictoriesheroessheepknives第二编语法专题突破6.(2023云南师大实验中学三模)Couldyougivemesome(advice)abouthowtogetonwithothers?7.Asparents,youshouldkeepthese(match)awayfromthechildren.8.Ihadalotofinteresting(experience)duringmystayinChina.9.Shedidnthavemuch(experience)incooking.10.Ihavetwo(orange)andthreebottlesof(orange)here.advicematchesexperiencesexperienceorangesorange第二编语法专题突破考点考点2名词所有格名词所有格1.s所有格 构成例子有生命的单数名词在词尾加-sthegirlsfather女孩的父亲表示时间、国家、距离等名词在词尾加-stodaysnewspaper今天的报纸;Chinasdevelopment中国的发展复数名词以s结尾的加-twohourswalk两个小时的步行不以s结尾的加-schildrensbooks儿童书籍各自拥有分别在每个名词后加-sMarysandHelensrooms玛丽的房间和海伦的房间共同拥有在最后一个名词后加-sMaryandHelensroom玛丽和海伦的房间第二编语法专题突破2.of所有格一般来说,表示无生命的名词的所有格常用of表示。thedooroftheroom房间的门,thecoloroftheclothes衣服的颜色第二编语法专题突破3.双重所有格(1)of+-s所有格afriendofmyfathers我父亲的一个朋友(2)of+名词性物主代词abookofmine我的一本书注意双重所有格和of所有格的区别:aphotoofToms汤姆的照片(照片属于汤姆,但照片上的人不一定是汤姆)aphotoofTom汤姆的照片(照片上的人是汤姆本人)第二编语法专题突破即学即练1.(2023郴州)Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon(child)Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.2.Theseare(yesterday)newspapers.3.Afterafew(month)exercise,Ifinallygotconfidenceandcourageinmyvoice.4.(2023泸州市泸县四中三模)Whatis(JimandTom)brother?Heisapoliceman.5.Upstairsare(LilyandLucy)bedrooms.Theyaretidyandnice.Butoursareinamess.ChildrensyesterdaysmonthsJimandTomsLilysandLucys第二编语法专题突破考点考点3名词作定语名词作定语1.名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如果变复数,只把被修饰的词变成复数。Myfatherplantedanappletreelastyear.去年我爸爸种了一棵苹果树。Thereare10boy studentsintheclassroom.教室里有10个男生。2.man或woman作定语修饰名词时,如果变复数,man或woman与被修饰的词都变成复数。Theyareallmendoctors.他们都是男医生。第二编语法专题突破3.sport作定语时,用复数。OursportsmeetingwillbeheldnextSaturdaymorning.我们的运动会将在下周六早晨举行。4.“基数词-名词(-形容词)”构成的复合形容词作定语时,复合形容词中的名词用单数。afive-poundnote一张5英镑的纸币,a4-year-oldboy一个4岁的男孩第二编语法专题突破即学即练1.我想要两碗西红柿鸡蛋面。2.他们班有20个女生。3.我们班女老师的数量是6个。4.下个月我妈妈将有一个10天的假期。Idliketwobowlsoftomatoandeggnoodles.Thereare20girlstudentsintheirclass.Thenumberofthewomenteachersinourclassissix.Mymotherwillhaveaten-dayholidaynextmonth.第二编语法专题突破考点考点4名词的词形转换名词的词形转换1.动词变名词 构词法例词+-er/-or/-rteachteacher,workworker,actactor,visitvisitor,drivedriver,writewriter特殊:winwinner,runrunner+-ingfeelfeeling,buildbuilding,meanmeaning特殊:beginbeginning第二编语法专题突破构词法例词+-mentdevelopdevelopment,agreeagreement+-ressactactress,waitwaitress+-(t)ion/-(s)ioncollectcollection,inventinvention,pollutepollution,celebratecelebration,inviteinvitation,preparepreparation特殊:decidedecision其他failfailure,succeedsuccess,diedeath,adviseadvice,choosechoice,weighweight第二编语法专题突破2.形容词变名词 构词法例词去t+-cedifferentdifference,importantimportance+-ness,y变i+-nesskindkindness,illillness,happyhappiness,busybusiness+-th,去e+-thwarmwarmth,truetruth+-y/-ty/-ity,去e+-itydifficultdifficulty,safesafety,activeactivity,creativecreativity其他highheight,proudpride,medicalmedicine第二编语法专题突破3.名词变名词(表人)构词法例词+-r/-er/-orvillagevillager,farmfarmer+-ist,去o+-istartartist,violinviolinist,tourtourist,pianopianist特殊:sciencescientist+-n/-an/-ian,去a+-ianAsiaAsian,EuropeEuropean,musicmusician,CanadaCanadian第二编语法专题突破即学即练1.(2023青岛李沧区二模)Look!The(tour)ontheGreatWallaretakingphotoshappily.2.(2023吉林省实验中学质检)Thefansshoutedwith(excite)whentheysawthefamoussinger.3.(2022南京秦淮一模)Sincethe73-year-oldmanmadethe(decide)totravelaroundtheworld,hehasnevergivenuphishope.4.(2023扬州市邗江区梅岭中学三模)Idontthinkheistellingusthewhole(true)aboutwhathappened.5.Tooursurprise,an8-year-oldgirlbecamethe(win)ofthedancingcompetition.touristsexcitementdecisiontruthwinner第二编语法专题突破6.(2023无锡外国语学校二模)Attheconcert,those(music)skillsimpressedthelittleboysomuch.7.(2022南京鼓楼一模)LeonardodaVinciwasfamousnotonlyasanartist,butalsoasan(invent).8.(2023无锡外国语学校一模)WhileImwalkinginthewoods,Ilikethe(feel)ofpeaceandquiet.musiciansinventorfeeling第二编语法专题突破专专题题精精练练.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thedoctortellsustobrushour(tooth)aftermeals.2.Look,the(child)arehavingagoodtimeflyingkitesinthepark.3.(2023龙东地区)WorldHealthDayisusedtohighlight(强调)the(important)ofpersonalhealth.4.(2023无锡)The(win)ofthisyearsSpellingBeeis.Daniel!5.Thechildrenshoutedwith(excite)whentheywontheprize.6.Chinesepeoplearetryingtheirbesttobringmoreandmore(happy)tothemselves.teethchildrenimportancewinnerexcitementhappiness第二编语法专题突破7.(2023日照)Ourcityreceivedalotof(visit)duringMayDayholiday.8.(2023扬州市邗江区梅岭中学三模)Allthe(hero)namesarecarvedonthestone.Theyaretheprideofourcountry.9.(2023无锡外国语学校二模)Thankyouforgivingme(suggest)onhowtoimprovemyoralEnglish.Theydohelpmealot.10.(2023上海市黄浦区三模)Theaverage(weigh)ofababyatbirthisjustoversevenpounds.11.(2023云南师大实验中学三模)Finallyshemadea(decide)togoonclimbingthemountainalthoughshewasbadlyhurt.12.(2022盘锦)Alisawillpickstrawberriesand(tomato)withherfathertomorrow.visitorsheroessuggestionsweightdecisiontomatoes第二编语法专题突破13.(2022云南)TouristscanseemanyWestern-style(build)inShanghaiDisneyland.14.(2022丽水改编)Mandyisntallowedtodrivebecauseherparentsworryabouther(safe).15.(2023青岛崂山区二模)TheTiangongspacestationisthe(proud)ofallChinese.16.(2022永州)WeChineseshouldbeproudofourhistory,ourwrittenlanguage,our(invent)andourachievements.buildingssafetyprideinventions第二编语法专题突破17.(2022临沂)TwoChinese(woman)havebeentospacesofar.TheyreLiuYangandWangYaping.18.Theroofofthehouseiscoveredwithlotsof(leaf).19.Therearethree(photo)onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.20.JimandIsharesimilartastesand(hobby).Wetakepartinlotsofmeaningfulsocialactivitiestogether.womenleavesphotoshobbies第二编语法专题突破.选词填空1.(2023东营)Thenapduringthelunchbreakhelpsushavemore(luck/wealth/energy/courage)intheafternoon.2.(2023滨州)Whatsyoursecretofwritingsowell?Ireadalot,andtheworksofLuXunhadastrong_(difference/attention/situation/influence)onmeasachild.3.(2023江西)Kevin,couldyoupassmesome_(rice/bread/water/chicken)?Itssohottoday.Imreallythirsty.OK.Hereyouare.energyinfluencewater第二编语法专题突破4.(2023天津)Peopleallovertheworldlovepandas,andthepandahasbecomea(festival/poem/guest/symbol)ofChina.5.(2023扬州)WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful(movement/attraction/experience/research)!6.(2023武汉)Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam.Hisheightgiveshimabig_(situation/challenge/achievement/advantage).symbolexperienceadvantage第二编语法专题突破7.(2023荆州)WhatcanyoulearnfromJourneytotheWest?Ilearnthatweshouldhaveenough(danger/success/courage/excitement)toover-comethedifficultiesinourlife.8.(2023无锡外国语学校一模)TheWanderingEarthseriesandTVdramaThree-BodyonceagainbroughtLiuCixin,afamoussciencefictionwriter,tothe(notice/interest/attention/attraction)ofChinesepeople.9.(2023上海市黄浦区三模)Youcanfindmore(truth/information/fact/opinion)abouttravelaroundShanghaiontheInternet.10.(2023巴川中学二模)Sandyisacleverboy.Hehasfixedupthemachineaccordingtothe(instructions/inventions/invitations/interview).courageattentioninformationinstructions第二编语法专题突破.翻译句子1.昨天我在超市里买了一些土豆和牛肉。2.你能给我六瓶橙汁吗?3.学校离我家只有十分钟的步行路程。4.明天两个女科学家将来我们的学校。5.昨天我们的语文老师让我们写一篇600字的文章。Iboughtsomepotatoesandbeefinthesupermarketyesterday.Canyougivemesixbottlesoforange?Itsonlytenminuteswalkfromtheschooltomyhome.Twowomenscientistswillcometoourschooltomorrow.YesterdayourChineseteacheraskedustowritea600-wordarticle.第二编语法专题突破.语法填空Afatherwasworriedabouthisson,whowassixteen1.(year)oldbuthadnocourageatall.SothefatherdecidedtocallonaBuddhistmonk(和尚)totrainhisboy.TheBuddhistmonksaidtothe2.(boy)father,“Leaveyoursonalonehere.Illmakehimamanwithtoomuch3.(force)andcourageinamonth,andarealmaninanotherthree4.(month)time.”Timepassedbyquickly.Thefatherreturned.TheBuddhistmonkprepareda5.betweenhissonandastrongboy.yearsboysforcemonthsmatch第二编语法专题突破Thestrongboyhittheson,andhis6.(tooth)wereoff,andhefelldown.Butatoncetheboystoodup.Several7.(time)later,theBuddhistmonkasked,“Whichofthe8.(child)isbrave?”“Whatashame!”thefathersaidinalow9.“Ineverthoughthewouldbesoeasilyknockeddown.”“Imsorrythatsallyousee.Dontyouseeanymore10.(different)thanbefore?Eachtimehefelldown,hestoodupagaininsteadofcrying.Thatsthekindofcourageyouwantedhimtohave.”teethtimeschildrenvoicedifferences
