Unit3词汇、短语、语法知识点梳理及拓展 人教版英语八年级下册.docx

英语张老师专用讲义八下unit 3知识点精讲及拓展一、词汇变形1v.扔；掷 _(过去式)_(过去分词)2v.依靠；信赖_adj. 可信赖的，可靠的_n. 独立_adj.独立的；自主的3v.发展；壮大_(名词) _adj.发达的，先进的_adj 发展中的4n.公正性；合理性_(形容词：合理的；公正的)_(形容词：不合理的；不公正的)5v.落下；掉下_(过去式及过去分词)_(­ing形式)6. 精神压力，心理负担_n _v.强调，着重，使焦虑 _adj.焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的_ adj. 压力大的，紧张的7. 邻居 n. _ 街坊，街区，邻里 n._二、短语荟萃1. _倒出垃圾 2.go out (for)_3. _待在外面；不在家 4. _搭 车5. _从事；创作 6.叠衣服_7. _扔掉，丢弃 8. _过来；顺便来访9.带 走_ 10. _代替，取代11.浪费时间_ 12._为某人提供某物13. _依靠；信赖 14. _结果是15.总是，一直_ 16.和一起闲逛/瞎混_17，为了，目的是_ 18.惊讶地，惊奇地_19. 因此，结果是_ 20.一.就 _21.既不也不_ 22. 完成做某事，做完某事_23.对某人生气_ 24. 对某事感到生气_25.介意做某事_ 26.讨厌做某事_27. 借（回）_ 28. 借（出）_29.小心，照顾，保重_ 30.扫 地_三、知识详解1. Could you please do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？用于_，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：_ 否定回答： _【考题链接】.Could I borrow your camera? _，but please give it back by Saturday. A. I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks2. take out 取出（v+ adv） （ ）His teeth hurt badly. The dentist _. A .took out it B. took out them C. took it out D .took them out【短语拓展】take out the trash take a walk take away take ones temperaturetake back take placetake off take after【考题链接】( ) Lisa, we need to clean the kitchen. Could you _ the trash? Yes, sure. A. take after B. take off C. take place D. take out( ) _ your pen and write down what Im going to say. A. Take away B. Take off C. Take down D. Take out3. do the dishes 洗碗【结构1】do the +名词： eg:_【结构2】do the +动词-ing eg:_【结构3】do ones + 名词 eg:_4. I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。【解析1】two hours of TV 表示_、_、_、_等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用_形式。 How time flies! Three years _(be) really a short time.100 years _ a long time.Ten miles _ too far for a 5-year-old boy.5. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 【解析1】the minute = as soon as 意思是“_” （主将从现） 请你一到那就写信给我。_【解析2】come over _【拓展】 come 短语：请写出以下短语的意思come across come up with come true come from=be from come on come out 6.【解析】all the time = always 一直；总是【拓展】与time相关的短语：请写出以下短语的意思on time in timeat the same time from time to timefor the first time at times next time time and time again【考题链接】 ( ) Mans understanding of nature is developing _ . It never stays at the same level .A. at the right time B. for the first time C. from time to time D. all the time( ) We all know that the earth moves around the sun _. A. on time B. at times C. all the time D. in time7.【解析】as.as . 和.一样. 中间加_【考题链接】( )There are a small number of people involved, possibly _twenty. A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as( )Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as8. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周时间，她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。1)“neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示上句否定的情况也适合于后者”某人也不” _说明前面的肯定情况同样也适用于后者。You watched TV last night.你们昨晚看了电视。_ _the children.孩子们也看了。2) neither两者都不，后可跟of，做主语时，谓语动词_Neither of the twins _(like) to drink coffee.3)neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词_Neither Tom nor Jim a student.neither & either1.neither的意思是“两个都不”，either的意思是“两个中的任何一个”或者“两个中的各一个”。后面都可跟of，做主语时，谓语动词用_2.neithernor既不也不（就近原则）eitheror或者或者（就近原则）【考题链接】( ) I have two sisters, but _of them is a teacher. A. all B. neither C. both D. none( ) The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _.That's so cool! A.all B. both C. neither D. none( )Which do you prefer, a CD player or a Walkman? _. I prefer a portable computer. A. Both B. EitherC. None D. Neither( ) He speaks _English _French. Instead, he speaks German. A either; or B not only; but also C both; and D neither; nor( )I cant play the piano ,and _. A. neither can my sister B. my sister cant , too C. so cant my sister D. can my sister, either( ) went to the park yesterday. _ . But I didnt see you there. A. So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I9.【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 【注】find found_发现某人做某事 We found him _(wait) to welcome us._ 发现处于状态 I find the text _(difficulty) to understand.find sb./sth +介短 发现处于状态 When he woke up, he found himself _.(住院了)_ 发现做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难( ) She found _ hard to finish the work by herself. A. that B. its C. it D. this10.【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地; 一般作_。surprise v 使吃惊_ adj. 令人吃惊的 _ adj. 吃惊的 _ 使某人吃惊的是 be surprised at _【考题链接】_(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.We are _at the _news.(surprise) 11. pass v 给；递； pass sb. sth 把某物递给某人=_ pass on 传递 v. _ v. _【考题链接】（ ）If Nancy _ the exam , she will go to Australia for English study. A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass12.【解析】borrow /lend/keep(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，指【借进来”】_ 从某人那里借某物 (2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 _把某物借给某人 borrow 和lend一样，是非延续性动词，表示一个瞬间完成的动作不能与一段时间连用。(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【考题链接】( ) You may _ the book for two weeks. A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. buy ( ) May I _ your dictionary? Sorry. Li Lei _ it for five days. A. lend; borrowed B. borrow; has kept C. borrow ; has borrowed D. lend; has lent( )Although you like the book, you may only _ it for two weeks. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay. ( )Can we _the book for two weeks? A borrow B lend keep D had13. waste un. _ vt. _ adj. _.的浪费Eg. 玩电脑游戏事浪费时间_ 校园里随处可以看见垃圾_waste time/money on sb /sth _浪费时间在做某事上 _ _14. in order to +v原 “为了”=so thatEg. In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.1）. in order to do sth 为了做某事 in order not to 为了不做某事2）. in order that+句子(引导目的从句）扩展：order作名词 1._ 依次，按顺序 _整齐 _出故障，2._点菜 _ 给某人下命令order 作动词,表定制，订购，命令_订购某物 _ 命令某人做某事15. provide和offer的用法区别首先在语义上，provide仅表示”_”，而offer强调“_”。其次在语法和搭配上，offer后可跟双宾语，而provide后不可跟双宾语。给某人提供某物 即 _./_. _ =_ (主动)  supply sb with sth=supply sth for/to sb16. (1)since引导原因状语从句 =_ “由于；因为”, Eg. Since he was lazy, he didnt finish his homework. He didnt come since he was busy. (2)since引导时间状语从句, “自从以后” 常与_连用 since +过去_ (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点). e.g. I have been here since 1989. since +一段时间+ agoe.g. I have been here since five months ago. since +_ Great changes have taken place since you left17. drop v.落下；放弃，停止 droppeddrop out of school_ _从···掉下drop by _ drop into _ drop litter _n. 滴，水珠 _一滴水四、练习巩固（一） 词组1. _ _ _I saw it, I liked it. 我一看到它，就喜欢上它了。2. Since I left home, I have missed my parents_ _ _. 自从离开家后，我一直在想念我的父母。3. _ _ _cheer herself up, she decided to go to the seaside for a holiday. 为了让自已的心情变好，她决定去海边度假。4. This hotel promises to _the customers _the best service. 这家宾馆承诺顾客提供最好的服务。5. Everyone has much_ _work and family. 每个人都有很多来自工作和家庭的压力。6. 我父母让我晚上不要在外面呆得很晚。 My parents ask me _ _ _ _ late at night.7.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。The children these days _ _ their parents too much.8.我讨厌打扫教室。I hate _ _ the classroom . 9.为了取得好的成绩，我在学习上花费了大量的时间。I spend much time on schoolwork _ _ _ get good glades.10.我不认为干家务活是浪费时间。I dont think doing the housework is _ _ _ time.（二） 语法1. - Could you please do the dishes? - _. A. Never mind B. That's right C. No problem D. It doesn't matter2. Could you please _ the window? It's hot in the room. A. not close B. don't close C. not to close D. close not3. Dad said I must finish _ the floor before watching TV. A. swept B. sweeping C. sweep D. to sweep4. - The boys are talking about the movie _. - They always have so many fun things to share.A. happily B. angrily C. sadly D. carefully 5. I like coffee _ my dad loves tea. A. when B. as long as C. while D. since6. Alan doesn't like junk food and _. A. so do I B. me either C. neither do I D. so he does7. I am much better now. _ is no need for me to go to a doctor. A. It B. That C. This D. There8. Mr. Zhang has two sons, but _ of them lives with him.A. both B. neither C. either D. all9. I got up very early _ I could catch the first bus. A. so that B. in order to C. while D. as long as10. - Could I _ your pen, Mike? - Sorry, I just _ it to Bob. A. lend; borrowed B. lend; lent C. borrow; borrowed D. borrow; lent11. We asked John and Henry some easy questions, but _ of them could answer them.A. none B. both B. all D. neither12. - Which is more useful, biology or chemistry? - I think _ them are useful. A. either of B. none of C. both of D. all of13. _ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only,but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or14. - I will go there for a visit with my family during the long holiday. - _.A. So do I B. So I do C. So will I D. So I will15. Your sister works very hard, and _. A. so you are B. so you do C. so are you D. so do you16. Tom doesn't like English, _. A. neither Tom does B. Neither does Tom C. So Tom does D. So does Tom（三）综合练习题( )1.-Who is the man in black hat? -Oh, he is my_. He is new here.A. passenger B.guest C.neighbor D.owner( )2._of the two girls is interested in chess. They think its boring.A. Neither B.Both C.None D.All( )3. -Why must I tidy up my the house by myself, mom？ I think its _to me. -Because your brother cleaned it yesterday.A. fair B.unhappy C.unfair D.happy( )4. You can _two books from the library and you can_them for two weeks.A. borrow, lend B.lend, borrow C.borrow, keep D.lend, keep( )5. Do you know how_this math problem?A. to solve B.solve C.solving D.solved( )6.We can _lunch for you if you work here.A. feed B.provide C.eat D.feel( )7.-Mary, can we go for a picnic tomorrow? -It_the weather.A. carries on B.lives on C.depends on D.holds on( )8. -Has Tony arrived in Beijing? -I am not sure. But he will call us as soon as he_.A. will arrive B.arrives C.arrived D.was arriving( )9. _we do for other people, _we will be.A. Much, happier B. More, happy B. The more, the happier D.The most, the happiest( )10. -Excuse me, could you help me do some cleaning? -_. A.No problem B.Yes, I do C.Its a good idea D.Not at all二、完形填空题（10分)Dear Sir or Madam，I don't like doing choresBut I have 1 choice to do them because doing chores is a rule in my familyWhen I come back from school，my mom 2 says，"Could you take out the rubbish？"or"Could you help me 3 cooking？"I know she is just trying to make me more independent and 4 me how to take care of myselfBut 5 does she make me do all the housework？Oh，I know I am the oldest and I should do the choresBut it's not for 6 meM