Unit 3 Online tours第 3 课时 Grammar(教师版)-八年级英语下册同步精品讲义(牛津译林版).docx
Unit 3 Online tours 第3课时 Grammar八年级英语下册同步精品讲义(牛津译林版)Simple past tense and present perfect tensesome day 和 the other day 的区别some day指将来“总有一天、有朝一日、终将、(日后)某一天”,谓语动词用一般将来时。如: Your wishes will come true some day.总有一天你的愿望会实现的。 Some day youll have to pay for what you have done. 总有一天你要为你的行为而付出代价的。 the other day 相当于a few days ago, 意为“几天前、某天、那天、不久前”,句中用一般过去时。如: I met her in the street the other day.几天前我在街上碰见过她。 I bought the watch the other day.这手表我是几天前买的。Summary1) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。2) 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week, ago, in 1980, in October, just, now等,皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如:live, teach, learn, work, study, know。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 能力拓展一、完成句子1自从疫情以来,人们的生活方式发生了很大的变化。(change)Peoples lifestyle _ a lot since epidemic.【答案】has changed【详解】句意:自从疫情爆发以来,人们的生活方式发生了很大变化。change“改变”,动词。根据“since epidemic”可知,本句应使用现在完成时,其结构为:have/has+done。主语是第三人称单数,故填has changed。2今年,史密斯一家的收入增长了五分之二。 The income of the Smiths _ this year.【答案】has increased by two fifths【详解】increase by“增长了”;two fifths“五分之二”;句子用现在完成时have/has done的结构,主语是单数形式,助动词用has,故填has increased by two fifths。3他去过武当山三次。He _ Mount Wudang three times.【答案】has been to【详解】根据汉语可知,句子用现在完成时,空处缺少“去过”的表达,用have/has been to表示,主语是He,助动词用has。故填has been to。4今天早上雨下的很大,因此我坐出租车去上学。It _ _ this morning, so I went to school by taxi.【答案】rained hard#heavily【详解】“下雨很大”译为rain hard/heavily,根据“this morning”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填rained;hard/heavily。5昨天谁把我的字典拿走了? Who _ _ my dictionary yesterday?【答案】took away【详解】短语take away“拿走”,根据时间状语yesterday可知,用一般过去时态,take的过去式是took,故填took;away。6他在这次的运动会中发挥了重要作用。He _ _ _ _ in the sports meeting.【答案】played an important role【详解】play an important role in.“在中起重要作用”,是固定短语,结合中文意思可知,句子描述的是过去的事情,动词用过去式,故填played;an;important;role。分层提分题组A 能力提升练7Hi, Bob. Your watch looks very nice!Oh, I _ it when I was on vacation last week.AbuyBbuysCboughtDam buying【答案】C【详解】句意:你好,鲍勃。你的手表看起来很漂亮!哦,我上周度假的时候买的。考查一般过去时。根据“last week”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选C。8Ill start to lose weight tomorrow.I _ that many times. I dont believe you now.AhearBwill hearChave heardDam hearing【答案】C【详解】句意:我明天开始减肥。这话我听过很多次了。我现在不相信你了。考查动词时态。根据“many times. I dont believe you now”可知,是听过很多次了,表示动作发生在过去,且对现在造成了“不相信”结果,用现在完成时(have/has done)。故选C。9We _Lily since she was a little girl. She works as _ as her elder sister.Ahave known; hardlyBhad known; hardlyCknew; hardDhave known; hard【答案】D【详解】句意:自从莉莉还是个小女孩时,我们就认识她了。她和她的姐姐学习一样努力。考查现在完成时及副词词义辨析。know动词,认识,知道;由从句“since she was a little girl.”可知,主句时态是现在完成时,由助动词have/has+动词过去分词构成,know的过去分词是known,排除BC选项;hardly几乎不,副词;hard努力地,副词;根据“works”可知,此处表示努力地工作,应使用副词hard,故选D。10We _ Mr. White four times since he _ here.Avisited; movedBhave visited; movedChave visited; has moved【答案】B【详解】句意:自从怀特先生搬到这里以来,我们已经拜访过他四次了。考查动词时态。since+一般过去时的从句,主句用现在完成时,故选B。11Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No, I wont. I _ it already.AseeBsawChave seenDwill see【答案】C【详解】句意:基蒂,今晚你去看电影冷山吗?不,我不去。我已经看过了。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“already”可知,句子应是现在完成时,构成形式为:have/has done;主语是第一人称单数形式,故助动词应用have,see的过去分词是seen。故选C。12Which sport do you like _?Which answer is NOT correct?Ajoining aBplayingCjoiningDtaking part in【答案】C【详解】句意:你喜欢参加哪项运动?哪个答案不正确?考查非谓语动词。like doing sth.“喜欢做某事”;Which sport“哪项运动”,在句中作动词的宾语,sport是名词单词,可以说joining a sport“参加一项运动”,play sport“作运动”;take part in sport“参加体育运动”,选项C是错误的,故选C。13When I _ down, she _ herself beside me.Asat; seatedBwas seating; satCwas sitting; was seatedDsat; sat【答案】A【详解】句意:当我坐下时,她就坐在我旁边。 考查动词辨析和一般过去时。此句是由when引导的时间状语从句,分析语境可知,句子描述的是过去发生的动作,主句和从句都用一般过去时,所以第一空使用sit的过去式sat,故排除B和C ;根据“herself”可知,第二空使用seat的过去式seated,seat oneself“就座,坐下”。故选A。14Sophie and I are good friends. We _ each other for four years.AknowBknewChave knownDwill know【答案】C【详解】句意:索菲和我是好朋友。我们认识彼此四年了。考查动词时态辨析。for four years“四年”是一段持续至今的时间,可知句子用现在完成时“have/has done”结构。故选C。15The game show is really boring. I cant _ it.AstandBlikeCbelieveDmind【答案】A【详解】句意:这个游戏节目真的很无聊,我不能忍受它。考查动词辨析。stand忍受;like喜欢;believe相信;mind介意。根据“The game show is really boring.”可知此处是指游戏节目很无聊,我不能忍受。故选A。16Have you ever been to Li Hongzhangs Old House in Hefei, Jimmy?Yes. I _ there with my grandparents last summer holiday.AgoBwentChave goneDwill go【答案】B【详解】句意:吉米,你去过李鸿章在合肥的旧居吗?是的,去年暑假我和我的祖父母去过那里。考查动词时态。根据“last summer”可知,本题是一般过去时,因此动词用过去式。故选B。17Has John ever visited the Great Wall?Yes. He _ it last year.AvisitsBhas visitedCwas visitingDvisited【答案】D【详解】句意:约翰曾经参观过长城吗?是的。他去年参观过那里。考查动词时态。根据“last year”可知句子为一般过去时,动词应该用过去式visited。故选D。题组B 培优拔尖练18Have you ever _ the Terracotta Army in Xian? Yes, I went there last year.Agone toBbeen toCbeen inDgone in【答案】B【详解】句意:你曾经去过西安的兵马俑吗?是的,我去年去的。考查现在完成时。have been to曾经去过某地,表示现在人已经回来了;have gone to已经去了某地,人不在说话的现场,还未回来;have been in一直在某地,常与时间段连用;没有have gone in的用法。根据答语中的I went there last year可知,问句是问“你曾经去过西安的兵马俑吗?”。故选B。19 Its ten years since we _ here.How time flies! We _ in China for so long.Acome; workBcame; workedCcome; will workDcame; have worked【答案】D【详解】我们来这里已经十年了。时间过得真快!我们在中国工作了这么长时间。考查动词时态。在“It is +一段时间+since从句”的句型中,从句用一般过去时,所以第一空应填come的过去式;又根据“for so long”可知,第二空应用现在完成时,其结构为have/has+动词过去分词,主语为We,所以助动词用have,故选D。20After playing football, we all _ on the grass and enjoyed the sunshine.AlieBlayClainDlaid【答案】B【详解】句意:踢完足球后,我们都躺在草地上享受阳光。考查动词辨析。lie说谎,躺;lay摆放,动词原形;躺,动词过去式;lain躺,过去分词;laid摆放,动词过去式。根据“on the grass”可知,此处指躺在草地上,根据“enjoyed”可知,此空填动词过去式,故选B。21When I opened the fridge, there _ only a bottle of milk and some eggs.AisBareCwasDwere【答案】C【详解】句意:当我打开冰箱时,只有一瓶牛奶和一些鸡蛋。考查时态。根据句中的 opened可知,此句时态是一般过去时。there be句型遵循就近原则,be动词与a bottle of milk一致,因此用was。故选C。22 When did you meet your old classmate Sally? _.AIn recent daysBThe other dayCFor two daysDSince last Thursday【答案】B【详解】句意:你什么时候遇见你的老同学萨莉的? 前几天。考查时态。In recent days近些天,常用于现在完成时;The other day前几天,常用于一般过去时;For two days两天,常用于现在完成时;Since last Thursday自从上礼拜四,常用于现在完成时。根据上文“When did you”可知,此处应用一般过去时回答,故选B。23Yangzhou Expo 2021 _ for two weeks, but I _ there yet.Ahas opened; havent goneBhas been open; havent beenChas been open; havent goneDhas opened; havent been【答案】B【详解】句意:扬州博览会已经开幕两周了,但我还没有去过。考查现在完成时及延续性动词。“for two weeks”与延续性动词连用,排除AD;but后句意出现转折,表示还未去过那儿,用havent been。故选B。24In the past few years, _ great changes in Shanghai.Athere wereBthere have hadCthere had beenDthere have been【答案】D【详解】句意:在过去的几年里,上海发生了巨大的变化。考查动词时态。根据“In the past few years”可知,句子用现在完成时have/has done的结构,there be句型的现在完成时为there has/have been。故选D。25We used to live in the Lake District. Whenever we _ time, we _ fishing at the lake.Ahad; had goneBhad had; wentCwould have; wentDhad; would go【答案】D【详解】句意:我们过去就住在英国湖区。无论我们什么时候有时间,我们会去湖边钓鱼。考查动词时态。根据“We used to live in the Lake District.”可知,句子表述的是过去发生的事,因此后面句子时态应用过去的某种时态。根据“Whenever wetime, wefishing at the lake.”可知,应是当在过去有时间时,因此从句用一般过去时,第一空应填have过去式had。而主句表述的是在过去经常会做的事,用would do,故第二空填would go。故选D。26The robbers _ when the police _. They got caught right on the spot.Awere about to leave; cameBwere going to leave; had comeChad gone; cameDwould leave; had come【答案】A【详解】句意:强盗正要离开,这时警察来了。他们被当场抓住了。考查固定搭配和一般过去时。 根据“They got caught right on the spot.”可知,此句时态是一般过去时;再者根据固定搭配“正要做某事,这时:be about to do when.”可知,were about to leave; came符合句意。故选A。27 Few of the children here have traveled abroad, _? _. Most of them are from poor families in the rural areas.Ahavent they; Yes, they haveBhavent they; No. they haventChave they; No, they haventDhave they; Yes, they have【答案】C【详解】句意: 这里的孩子很少出国旅行,是吗? 是的,他们没有。他们大多数来自农村地区的贫困家庭。考查反意疑问句。根据“Few of the children here have traveled abroad”可知,前一部分是否定句,因此反意疑问句用肯定形式,have they符合句意;再者根据“Most of them are from poor families in the rural areas.”可知,他们很少出国旅游,因此第二空“No, they havent”符合句意。故选C。28The Olympic Games _ every four years and the 31st Olympic Games _ 21st August in 2016 in Rio.Ahappen; ended inBtake place; ended onChappened; will end inDtook place; ends on【答案】B【详解】句意:奥运会每四年举行一次,第31届奥运会于2016年8月21日在里约热内卢结束。考查动词时态和词组辨析。第一空根据“every four years”每四年,表示通常性的事件,可知此处是一般现在时。take place通常指“某事”按计划进行或按计划发生,也有“举行”的意思;happen常指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的或未预见性 的“发生”,也有“碰巧;恰好”的意思。因此第一空是take place。第二空根据“21st August in 2016”可知,是一般过去时,且在具体的时间前用on,因此是ended on。故选B。