(8.4.1)--Ch_01-Introduction计算机组成原理.ppt
计算机组成原理 -双语教学课件双语教学课件Computer Organization and Architecture教材及参考书籍教材及参考书籍 1、ComputerOrganizationandArchitecture-DesigningforPerformance,SixthEdition,WilliamStallings,Prentice-HallInc.20062、ComputerOrganization&Design,2ndedition,byDavidA.PattersonandJohnL.Hennessy3、计算机组成原理，白中英，科学出版社，2008教学目标教学目标Tobeaprofessionalinanyfieldofcomputingtoday,oneshouldnotregard thecomputerasjustablackboxthatexecutesprogramsbymagic.Allstudentsofcomputing shouldacquiresomeunderstandingandappreciationofa computer systemsfunctionalcomponents,theircharacteristics,theirperformance,andtheirinteractions.Therearepracticalimplicationsaswell.Studentsneedtounderstandcomputerarchitectureinordertostructureaprogramsothatitrunsmoreefficientlyonarealmachine.Inselectingasystemtouse,theyshould abletounderstandthetradeoffamongvariouscomponents,suchasCPUclock speedvs.memorysize.教学计划教学计划1.Introduction(2hours)2.DigitallogicandDigitalsystems(2hours)3.SystemBuses(6hours)4.InternalMemory(6hours)5.ExternalMemory(4hours)6.Input/Output(3hours)7.ComputerArithmetic(4hours)8.InstructionSets(3hours)9.Addressingmodesandinstructionformats(1hours)10.CPUStructureandFunction(4hours)11.ControlUnit(5hours)Gradingwillbeassignedonthefollowingbasis:exercises10%experiments20%Finalexam70%考核要求考核要求William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture6th EditionChapter 1 IntroductionThis book&AuthorThree-time winner of the best Computer Science and Engineering textbook of the year award from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association:(sixth edition,2003;fifth edition,2000;fourth edition,1996)1.1 Architecture&Organization 1ArchitectureisthoseattributesvisibletotheprogrammerInstructionset,numberofbitsusedfordatarepresentation,I/Omechanisms,addressingtechniques.e.g.Isthereamultiplyinstruction?OrganizationishowfeaturesareimplementedControlsignals,interfaces,memorytechnology.e.g.Isthereahardwaremultiplyunitorisitdonebyrepeatedaddition?体系结构体系结构组织组织Architecture&Organization 2AllIntelx86familysharethesamebasicarchitectureTheIBMSystem/370familysharethesamebasicarchitectureThisgivescodecompatibilityAtleastbackwardsOrganizationdiffersbetweendifferentversions1.2 Hierarchy systemTodescribeacomplexsystem,thereare2ways:Top-Bottom:dividethesystemintosomelittlersubsystems,stepbystep,untilallareaware.Bottom-Top:combinesomecomponentstoalargersystem,stepbystep,untilafullsystemInthisbook,weuse1STway:Tostudythefunctionandstructureatsomelevel.Ateachlevel,thesystemconsistsofasomecomponentsandtheirinterrelationships,andbehaviorofeachcomponent,whichhasbeensimplifiedandabstractedatthenextlowerlevel.Structure&FunctionStructureisthewayinwhichcomponentsrelatetoeachotherFunctionistheoperationofindividualcomponentsaspartofthestructure结构结构功能功能FunctionAllcomputerfunctionsare:Data processingData storageData movementControl数据存储数据存储数据移动或传送数据移动或传送数据处理数据处理控制控制Functional view(page 6)Operations(1)Data movement(page 8)例如：从键例如：从键盘输入到屏盘输入到屏幕输出幕输出Operations(2)Storage 例如：显例如：显示文件内示文件内容容Operation(3)Processing from/to storage 例如：将某例如：将某种格式的文种格式的文件转换成另件转换成另一种格式的一种格式的文件文件Operation(4)Processing from storage to I/O例如：从光驱中读数例如：从光驱中读数据、经解码后暂存、据、经解码后暂存、按时间顺序在屏幕上按时间顺序在屏幕上显示显示-DVD播放过播放过程程Hierarchy Structure-Top Level(page 10)ComputerMain MemoryInputOutputSystemsInterconnectionPeripheralsCommunicationlinesCentralProcessing UnitComputerStructure-The CPU(page 11)ComputerArithmeticand Login UnitControlUnitInternal CPUInterconnectionRegistersCPUI/OMemorySystemBusCPUStructure-The Control Unit(page 12)CPUControlMemoryControl Unit Registers and DecodersSequencingLoginControlUnitALURegistersInternalBusControl Unit1.3 why study COA?Ignore1.4 Outline of the Book(1)ComputerEvolutionandPerformanceComputerInterconnectionStructuresInternalMemoryExternalMemoryInput/OutputOperatingSystemsSupportComputerArithmeticInstructionSetsOutline of the Book(2)CPUStructureandFunctionReducedInstructionSetComputersSuperscalarProcessorsControlUnitOperationMicro-programmedControlMulti-processorsandVectorProcessingDigitalLogic(Appendix)Internet Resources-Web site for bookhttp:/WilliamS Resources-Web sites to look forWWWComputerArchitectureHomePageCPUInfoCenterACMSpecialInterestGrouponComputerArchitectureIEEETechnicalCommitteeonComputerArchitectureIntelTechnologyJournalManufacturerssitesIntel,IBM,etc.Internet Resources-Usenet News Groupscomp.archcomp.arch.arithmeticcomp.arch.storagecomp.parallel
