2024届高考英语一轮复习定语从句课件.pptx

定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句Attribute ClauseAttribute ClauseIhaveanapple.Iknowaman.用句子做定语，修饰前面用句子做定语，修饰前面的名词的名词简单句Ihaveanappleanditisred.Iknowamanandheisateacher.并列句Ihaveanapplewhich/thatisred.Iknowamanthat/whoisateacher.复合句Ihaveanapple_isred.主句从句先行词从属连词、连接词、引导词、关系词关系词的作用引导从句在从句中作（主干）成分代替先行词判断句子是定语从句划出先行词将先行词代入从句，看在从句中作什么成分根据先行词在从句中所作的成分，得出关系词作主宾表关系代词that,which,who,whom,as作状语关系副词when,where,why,介词+which作定语关系形容词whose=ofwhom/which指人：that/who/whom指物：that/which关系代词关系代词The man _ visited our class yesterday is from china.He is the man _ is reading a book over there.This is the place _ we visited last time.I know the man _ you just talked with.c缺主语/指代人that/whothat/who缺主语/指代人that/which缺宾语/指代物缺宾语/指代人that/who/whom什么情况选关系代词从句句意不完整，缺少主宾表先行词等于关系词关系副词关系副词什么情况选关副词从句句意完整关系副词在句中做状语关系副词修饰从句中的动词被动即完整This is the place _ we visited last time.This is the place _ we visited the equipment last time.及物动词visited后缺宾语/选关系代词/指代物that/which先行词=关系词句意完整/选关系副词根据句意，指参观设备的地方地点状语whereI still remember the time _ we first met each other.I still remember the time _ we spent together.及物动词spent后缺宾语/选关系代词/指代物when先行词=关系词句意完整/选关系副词根据句意，指第一次见的时间时间状语that/whichThis is the reason _ she cried.This is the reason _ she gave me.及物动词gave后缺直接宾语/选关系代词/指代物先行词=关系词句意完整/选关系副词根据句意，指她哭的原因原因状语whywhich/that关系副词关系副词什么情况选关副词从句句意完整关系副词在句中做状语关系副词修饰从句中的动词被动即完整(间宾除外）This is the place _ the party was held.This is the reason _ I was told.told后面缺直接宾语，选关系代词/指代物when先行词=关系词从句被动语态，句意完整/选关系副词根据句意，指晚会举行的地方时间状语that/whichWeoftenthinkofthedays_wespenttogetherinthecountryside.which/that先行词在定语从句中作宾语先行词在定语从句中作宾语Weoftenthinkofthedays_weworkedtogetherinthecountryside.先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于onthedays。whenThisistheplace_heworks.Thisistheplace_wevisitedlastyear.wherewhich/that先行词在定语从句中作地点状语先行词在定语从句中作地点状语先行词在定语从句中作宾语先行词在定语从句中作宾语Thereason_hewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.Webelievethereason_hetoldus.先行词在定语从句中做原因状语先行词在定语从句中做原因状语whythat/which先行词在定语从句中作宾语先行词在定语从句中作宾语关系副词关系副词介词介词+which+which什么情况用介词+which一先：根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配习惯二动：根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯（即固定搭配）三意义：根据定语从句的意思来选择Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?A.at where B.which C.in which D.of whichThis is the place _ we visited the equipment last time.This is the reason _ she cried.borninthehouseatwhich/whereattheplace(小地点）cryforthereasonforwhich/why关系形容词关系形容词whose=of which/whomwhose=of which/whom主从句完整从句中有名词属于先行词从句名词前有the（限定词）用of结构；无the,用whose从句名词为不定代词或数词，只用of结构I like girls _ hair is black and long.eyes are big.voice is sweet.whoseI like books _ covers are shiny.price is reasonable.whose女孩的头发the girls hair 前定whosethe hair of the girls 后定whom书的封面the books covers 前定 whosethe covers of the books 后定whichThis is the book whose cover is red.=This is the book the cover of which is red.=This is the book of which the cover is red.1.This is the scientist _ name is known all over the world.2.I know the person_ house was destroyed in the earthquake.3.He lives in a room _ window faces south.4.He lives in a room,the window _ faces south.whosewhosewhoseofwhich非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句代唯一的名词代整个主句如：I like girls who are beautiful.This is my friend Molly,who is a sweet girl.引导词范围大，从句缩小主句范围唯一，从句补充说明主句限定性定语从句限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句关系代词that,which,who,whom,aswhich,who,whom,as关系副词when,where,why,介词+whichwhen,where,介词+which关系形容词whose=ofwhich/whom不变I love China which is a great country.，非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句1.意思：which这件事；as正如2.位置：which放主句后；as任意3.时间：which 分先后，主句先发生，后评价 as 不强调先后，把主句当成事实which,as的区别如：_ we all know,the earth is round.They found the murder,_ surprised me.Aswhich一、一、that和和 which用法的区别用法的区别(1)先行词为表示先行词为表示“物物”的的all,everything,nothing,something,anything,few,little,much，some,theone,none等不定代词等不定代词时。时。Iamsureshehassomething_youcanborrow.(2)先行词被先行词被和不定代词有关的词和不定代词有关的词all,every,some,any，one,few,any,no,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ivereadallthebooks_youlendme.1、能用、能用that不用不用which的情况的情况(that)(that)Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?(that)Pleasesendusanyinformation_youhaveaboutthesubject.(that)(3)先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰时，修饰时，指物指物只能用只能用that。Thisisthefirstboy_shehasmet.(who/that/whom)Itisthemostbeautifulcity_Iveeverseen.（that）(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last强调修饰时，指物时只能用that。Thisistheverybook_belongstohim.thatHeistheonlyperson_waspresentatthetime.that/whoShesthefirstperson_expressedloveformywriting.who/that(6)主句是以which/who开头的疑问句时。Who is the girl _ drove the car?which is the hotel _ he stayed in last night?(7)主句以there be,且先行词表示“物”引导时。There are more than 4000 houses _ were destroyed in the earthquake.(5)先行词既有人又有物时。The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast are popular with the students.thatthatthat that(8)先行词是主句的表语，而关系词也在从句里做表语时,不管先行词是人还是物。He is no longer the boy _he used to be.(that)(9)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用that。They secretly built a small factory which produced things _ could cause pollution.China isnt the country _ it used to be.(that)that(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。There are many trees _ they can have a rest.=There are many trees _they can have a rest under.2、只用which不用that的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中(可以修饰一个先行词，也可以修饰整个句子)。This is his house,_ is 50 years old.(代替house)Tom was late,_made his teacher angry.(代替整个句子)underwhichwhichthat/whichwhichThe man _ you spoke was a scientist.towhom(3)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一用另一用which。He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and_ could help him to kill time.which(4)当先行词是that时。The clock is that _ tells the time.which二、只用who的情况One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.He is the very one of the students_passed the test.(优先考虑one这个表示人的代词)先行词是表示人的代词one,ones,anyone,anybody,nobody,none,those时whowhowhowhowho3.在there be/live句型里，如果先行词是表示人，关系词用who.(1)There is a young man outside _asks for you.外面有个想见你的年轻人(2)There lived a king _was unkind to his people.从前有个对臣民不好的国王whowho三，定语从句的主谓一致原则1.I,who_an English teacher,like listening to light music.2.He is one of the students who_(like)seeing films.他是其中的一个喜欢看电影学生3.He is the only one of the students who_(like)seeing films.他是唯一一个喜欢看电影的学生amlikelikes4.She is the only one among the_writers who _stories for children.A woman,writes B women,write C women,writes D woman,writeCExerciseExercise1.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.1)Theman_Isawtoldmetowait.2)Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.(whom/who/that)that3)Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.4)Hesawahouse_windowswereallbroken.5)Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.thatwhosethat2.Correct the sentences1)This is the longest train which I have ever seen.that 2)The radio which I bought it last week has gone wrong.去掉去掉it3)It was a meeting that importance I didnt realize at that time.whose4)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of whose was very reasonable.which5.My father and Mr.Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.that 1.Ahead of me I saw a woman _ looks like my aunt.A.who B.whom C.which D.where2.The old man didnt like the way _ his son spoke to him.A.which B.where C.what D./3.The old man _ yesterday is a scientist.A.I spoke B.I spoke to C.whom I spoke D.who I spoke toADB4.He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A.which B.when C.that D.where5.Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal?A.which B.what C.why D.when6.Some of the roads were flooded,_ made our journey more difficult.A.which B.where C.what D.thatBCA7.He must be from Arica _ can be seen from his skin.A.that B.which C.who D.what8.Mr.Wu,_ everybody likes,is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A.whom B.that C.which D./9.He has to work on Sundays,_ he does not like.A.that B.which C.when D.whereBAB