专题10 定语从句（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）（原卷版）- 【学考复习】2024年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试（新教材专用）.docx

优点英语专题10 定语从句1. 掌握关系代词的用法2. 掌握关系副词的用法3. 掌握介词+关系代词的用法掌握定语从句中的易错点 定语从句是高考的重点和热点，备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面：正确使用关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)介词 which/whom引导的定语从句that不能引导非限制性定语从句考点1概念1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。Many lifes problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语)许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子)我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。2关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very.beautiful city.考点2限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that关系代词that，who，which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略关系代词不可以省略关系代词whom作宾语时可用who或that替代关系代词不能替代读时不停顿读时停顿，用降调只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子既可修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，有逗号分开，只能由which, who或as引导People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人长寿。(限制性定语从句，说明要长寿需进行体育锻炼。先行词是people，若把从句who take physical exercise去掉，句子就失去所表达的意义“进行体育锻炼的人”) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(非限制性定语从句，who is in Boston now对先行词daughter进行补充说明，若把其去掉，主句意义“他的女儿下周将来家”仍然完整)单句语法填空/单句写作Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点儿也不知道。(限制性定语从句) .他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。(非限制性定语从句) .【答案】1.that/which2.which3.I know nothing that happened last night4.He was generous with his time，which I was grateful for考点3正确使用关系词1.关系代词关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(ofwhom/of which)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语Do you know the man that/whom Mr.White introduced just now?怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer.我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩。【名师指津】 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。2关系副词关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。关系副词先行词句法功能when (in/at/on/.which)时间时间状语where (in/at/on/.which)地点地点状语why(for which)原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)The time when (at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。The school where (at which) I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.那所学校离这里有3 千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书。There are various reasons (for which) why people write poetry.人们写诗有各种各样的理由。【名师指津】 先行词为抽象地点的名词(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。单句语法填空In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to earth.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am. to 5 pm. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened with her late husband Les.They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.【答案】1.whose 2.where 3.which4.who that5.that/which 3“介词关系词”引导的定语从句构成句法功能用法指津介词(短语)关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略介词关系代词名词状语关系代词常用which 和whose 名词(代词)介词关系代词主语可转化为“whose名词”结构数词(形容词最高级)of关系代词主语数词还可以用some，many，most，each等不定代词替换The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。4as, which与that的用法区别(1)七种只用that而不用which的情况当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。当先行词被the only，the last，the very 等修饰时。This is the very book that I want.这正是我想要的书。当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。The present time is the best gift that you can give yourself.当前的时光是你能给自己的最好的礼物。当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。Dont trust the first sign that you see.不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。当先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.我妈妈和她的老朋友们谈论了一些她们记忆中学校里的人和事。当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Which is the car that you bought last week?你上周买的哪辆车？当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。Jack is not the man that he was.杰克不是过去的他了。用正确的关系词填空We all like our English teacher, from we have learned a lot.I will never forget the day on we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.The food was for her mother, couldnt go down to meet him.For instance，in Lima，the capital of Peru，there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，about 70 percent of were set up by local doctors.【答案】1.whom 2.which 3.who 4.which (2)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等意思上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”She married again，which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。She married again，as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。用as或which填空 is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.Her performances on the stage were perfect, made a lot of people admire her.In the past few years，more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down， is the result of the competition with online bookstores.【答案】1.As 2.which3.which 考点4定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语)，则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样的，分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。 谓语动词用主动语态的，用现在分词作定语；用被动语态的，用过去分词作定语。如：This is the factory which was built in 1980.This is the factory built in 1980.这就是1980年所建的那个工厂。We live in a house facing the south.We live in a house which faces the south.我们居住在一所朝南的房子里。单句写作我们学校有四千多名学生，大多数都努力学习。(the majority of，非限制性定语从句) .我为我们的学校而感到自豪。我相信，在这里我们一定会考上名牌大学。(be proud of, be admitted to，非限制性定语从句) .站在那里的那个男孩正在看着一棵断了树枝的树。(现在分词，非限制性定语从句) .【答案】1.There are more than 4，000 students in our school, the majority of whom study hard.2.I am proud of our school, where I am sure we can be admitted to one of the top universities.3.The boy standing there is looking at a tree, whose branches are broken.一、单项选择1（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）John had a great feeling of loneliness, _ was even more serious during his lunch break.AwhichBitCwhatDthat2（2023·天津红桥·高二统考学业考试）A year is divided into four seasons, as we all know, _ the first is spring.AwhichBof themCwhenDof which3（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）His parents forced him to be a lawyer, _ was against his own wishes.AwhenBwhichCthatDwhat4（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中学校考学业考试）People remember the first travelers from England_come to live in America.AwhichBwhereCwho5（2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试）Have you heard about the player got the first prize in the swimming?AwhichBwhatCwhoDwhom6（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）October is a great time to visit Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, _travelers can go to the quiet Ejina to enjoy the wonderful scenery of Euphratica forest(胡杨林).AthenBwhereCwhenDthere7（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）_is reported, vaccines (疫苗) do an excellent job of preventing serious Covid-19 illness and deaths, but are less good at stopping infections, particularly since the emergence (出现) of the more infectious Delta variant.AItBWhichCThatDAs8（2022秋·广东清远·高一校联考学业考试）In the coming Olympic Games, there will be ten more new events, _more athletes will try to realize their goal in.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhen9（2022·天津南开·高二南开大学附属中学统考学业考试）After graduation, I took some time off to go travelling, _turned out to be a wise decision.AthatBwhichCwhenDwhere10（2022·天津河北·高二统考学业考试）After a long and difficult journey, the monarch butterflies eventually reached the places _ they would spend the winter.AwhyBwhichCwhereDwhen11（2019·山西·高二太原师范学院附属中学统考学业考试）He wrote a letter _he explained what had happened in the accident.AwhichBthatChowDwhere12（2021·山西·高二太原师范学院附属中学统考学业考试）Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, some of _ have gone bad due to the hot weather.AthoseBwhichCwhomDthat13（2021秋·广西·高二统考学业考试）The boy _ got the first prize is from Class 1.AwhereBwhenCwhichDwho14（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, _ helps patients recover faster.AthisBthatCwhichDwhere15（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Because of COVD-19, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 5,000 yuan for one night.AifBwhenCwhichDsince16（2022·天津红桥·高二天津市民族中学统考学业考试）Eventually, the butterfly manages to reach the places _ it will spend the winter.AwhichBwhatCwhereDthat17（2022秋·云南·高二统考学业考试）Linda is a beautiful girl _ likes Chinese culture very much.AwhomBwhoseCwhichDwho18（2023·江苏·高二学业考试）We live in an age_ more information is available more easily than ever before.AwhyBto whomCwhenDon which二、用单词的适当形式完成句子19（2020秋·广东佛山·高一统考学业考试）Its a disease affects mainly older people. 20（2020秋·广东佛山·高一统考学业考试）Children compete in a sport will learn how to deal with failure because they dont always win. 21 （2020秋·广东佛山·高一统考学业考试）She is the girl brother is studying abroad. 22 （2021秋·吉林·高二统考学业考试）The man is shaking hands with the expert is my father. (23（2022春·江苏苏州·高二江苏省苏州第十中学校校考学业考试）Finally, the thief handed over everything he had stolen to the police. （用适当的词填空）24（2022春·江苏苏州·高二江苏省苏州第十中学校校考学业考试）The other day I met Bob in the forest, family moved here last month. 25（2022春·江苏苏州·高二江苏省苏州第十中学校校考学业考试）He was beaten by an unknown team from a remote school, was unexpected. 26（2022春·江苏苏州·高二江苏省苏州第十中学校校考学业考试）There are lots of foreigners at the meeting, most of are Americans.1This music brought us back to the days we played happily together near the river. 2Everyone has periods in their lives everything seems very hard. 3May 30, 2023 is a memorable day, the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship was launched successfully. 4Grace will never forget the day she was admitted to the university.5There are many reasons English is so widely used around the world. 6Dr. Brown is a senior professor views are widely respected. 7Many people do not have close friends or contacts have the same interest in music. 8Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest everyone likes to visit. 9Those want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 10When I went back to my hometown years later, I saw a beautiful park, had been a wasteland for many years. 11Search engines search the Internet based on the key words you type in, and choose such web pages for you contain the words you ask for. 12The reason accounts for their names Galilean Moons is they were discovered by Galileo in 1610. 13Her sister, you met at my home, was a teacher of English. 14He had thousands of students, many of gained great success in their own fields. 15“There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 16Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 17They talked about the schools and teachers they had visited. 18The Temple of Heaven is a complex of buildings emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China worshiped heaven. 19Occasions are quite rare I can spend a whole week with my family during the Chinese New Year Holiday. 20Thomas, with help I have made great progress in English, is highly thought of by us. 21Have you ever dreamed of singing in front of an audience of thousands at a concert, everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? 22The police found the knife John killed his wife. 23Is this the factory   many workers are working hard in? 24The photo reminds me of the days we spent in Canada. 25Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn? 26We can define a joke as something you say causes laughter. 27The monument was the first place they went to visit while they were in China. 28But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 29Chinatowns are popular tourist destinations visitors can experience traditional Chinese culture first hand. 30Ill never forget the day   I spent in the mountains. 31The reason I love western music is that it has inspired me a lot when I am in difficulty.32Dancers danced to classical music, recreating the scene women in ancient China began a springtime outing. 33There are many clowns in the playground, some of are performing opera. 34We all like the man is very humorous. 35People would leave the bike in the place they finished their journey. 36We all know some cases arts can cure people. 37The couple in the next room are always quarreling these days, and Ive come to the point I cant stand it any longer. 38I bought a series of Harry Potter recently, price was fairly reasonable.39She also joined an online group she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others.40Lucy has many positive personality features