专题09 并列句和状语从句（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）（原卷版）-【学考复习】2024年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试（新教材专用）.docx

优点英语专题09并列句和状语从句1. 掌握连接代词和连接副词以及从属连词的用法2. 掌握主语从句的考点掌握宾语从句的考点3. 掌握表语从句的考点4. 掌握同位语从句的考点 一、并列句 并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成， 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。在并列句中， 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组， 或者连接副词来连接分句，有时甚至不用并列连词， 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。常用的并列连词有：and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor 并列连词词组有：eitheror, neithernor, bothand, as well as, not onlybut also 连接副词有：besides, furthermore, moreover 1. 表示联合关系常用and , neithernor, not onlybut also 等连词There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.2. 表示选择关系常用or, either or 等连词We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. 3. 表示转折和对比关系 常用yet， but， however， while 等 but表示完全转折， 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors. They wanted to charge 5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down.In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.One can not see wind, however, it does exist.Id like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)4. 表示因果关系常用so， for，therefore等连接词I didnt get enough sleep so I didnt feel very well this morning.It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.5. 表示条件或者结果常用and或者or等连词Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.Dont drive too fast or you will have an accident .Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.You have to move out of the way or the truck cant get past.6. 表示递进关系常用besides， furthermore，moreover等连接副词。Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.并列句固定句型 注意：1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。(1)祈使句，and/or主谓结构。(2)名词短语，and主谓结构。(3).be about to.when.正要这时突然Climb to the top of the mountain，and you'll get a good view of the city.Hurry up，or you'll be late.Another five minutes，and I'll finish the composition.A few minutes and they went away.He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.2.however，but，while的用法比较。however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折。He was ill，but he still kept on working. What she said sounded reasonable，Mr. Green，however，didn't believe her. 她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。3.(1) so不能与because连用。(2)but，while不与although连用，但yet，still可与although连用二、状语从句作状语的句子为状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号隔开;放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。引导状语从句的连词归纳如下:从句连词时间状语从句when, while, as, whenever, till, until，before, after, by the time, the first time ，as soon as, the moment, each time, since，no sooner .than. immediately等地点状语从句where，wherever, everywhere 等条件状语从句if, unless, providing, as long as, on condition that, in case, if only等让步状语从句though, although, even if/even though，as, while, whatever, however, no matter +疑问词等原因状语从句because, since, as, now that, seeing that，considering that, in that, given that 等目的状语从句that, so that(为了)，lest, in case, for fear that, in order that等结果状语从句so that(因此)，so.that .suchthat.等比较状语从句方式状语从句as.as. ,than等as if/as though, (just)as 等考点一、 时间状语从句一、when/while/as引导的时间状语从句1. when引导的时间状语从句1. when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）When the students heard the teachers footsteps, they all atopped talking. 当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）2. when还可表示just then（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。be about to do . when . 正要去做某事，突然be doing . when . 正在做某事，突然be on the point of doing . when . 正在做某事，突然We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。2. while引导的时间状语从句while表示在某一段时间里或在期间，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。I can learn while I work. 我可以边工作边学习。1. as引导的时间状语从句as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生，译为一边，一边或随着。We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一过，星期日就会有点暖意了。二、before引导的时间状语从句1、before的常见意思1). before在之前。I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad. 在我的导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。Ill be back before you have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。2). before之后才。It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。3). before 尚未来得及 Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒了树，也冲倒了他们。 4). before 要先You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师，先作学生。 5). before趁You should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚，你应该赶快做它。2. 掌握热点句型用法 1). it was（not）/had done一段时间before（vt-ed）还要过多久才（不多久就了）It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。 It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。 2).it will（not）be一段时间before（一般式） 还要过多久才（不多久就了）It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。 3.there is +一段时间+to go（=left）before（一般式）. 在之前4.long before 不久前, 用于一般过去时和完成时中；before long = soon/not long after 不久后，用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。三、as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句as soon as 是最常见的表示一就的从属连词，其他连词还有once（一旦），directly（老式英国英语），immediately（主要用于英国英语），instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它们通常都可与as soon as换用。As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我们一到家，电话就响了。I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老师一进来，大家就静了下来。四、 hardly.when/no sooner.than引导的时间状语从句hardly/barely/scarcely.when和no sooner.than的意思是刚就，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。He had no sooner (no sooner had he) arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚一到家，就又要他出另一次差。五、since引导的时间状语从句在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。 Weve never met since we graduated from the college. 大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。六、till/until引导的时间状语从句till和until同义，作直到时(为止)解，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首。Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。I wont go with you until (till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作业我才和你一起去。七、each time/every time等引导的时间状语从句这类连词主要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次), by the time(当的时候)。如：You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。Each time I went there, I saw him working. 我每次去那儿都看见他在工作。Every time I see her I'll think of it. 每次我看到她，我就想起这事。Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。He didn't tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me. 我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。By the time, he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead. 他被送到医院时已经几乎不行了。注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。考点二、地点状语从句一、where引导的地点状语从句1.从属连词where表示在（或到）的地方。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。2. where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。Its your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。3. 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。Avoid structure of this kind where possible. 只要可能，就要避免这种结构。二、wherever引导的地点状语从句从属连词wherever意为在（或到）的各个地方。You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. 专家们每到一处，都受到热烈的欢迎。考点三、条件状语从句1. if引导的条件状语从句if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见虚拟语气)和真实条件状语从句。If he said that, he cant be telling the truth. 如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。2. unless引导的条件状语从句unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if.not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。Youll be late unless you hurry. 你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。3. only if引导的条件状语从句only if在引导条件状语从句时意为只有(才)；只有在的时候，唯一的条件是。Ill let you use the car only if you keep it in good condition.只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。4. as/so long as引导的条件状语从句as/so long as意为只要；如果。As long as it doesnt rain, we can play.只要不下雨我们就能玩。5. provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句provided (that)/providing (that)意为假如；如果。I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expense is paid.假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。Providing you promise not to tell anyone else Ill explain the secret. 假如你承诺不告诉别人，我就告诉你这个秘密。6. on condition that（条件是）和suppose / supposing (that)（假设；如果）也可引导条件状语从句I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?考点四、 让步状语从句让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为尽管即使就是我们日常生活中用的退一步说的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。1. although/though引导的让步状语从句although和though，都作虽然；尽管解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。如果要强调但是语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示但是、依然或然而之意。Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him. 虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。2. even if/even though引导的让步状语从句（1）even if引导的让步状语从句even if 即使，纵然，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。Even if it rains tomorrow, we wont change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。（2） even though引导的让步状语从句even though虽然，尽管，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和although/though换用。Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。3. as引导的让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时，意为尽管，虽然，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与though的倒装完全一致。(although无此用法)Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。Child as he is, he is very brave.尽管他还是个孩子，但是他很勇敢。4. while引导的让步状语从句while虽然，尽管，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。While I sympathize, I really cant do very much to help. 虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。5. 疑问词-ever与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句（1）whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作无论什么解，后者多用于非正式文体。Whatever/No matter what he says, dont go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么，我们决心完成这项任务。（2） whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作无论哪个解，后者多用于非正式文体。Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。（3）whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句whoever和no matter who用法相同，都作无论谁解，后者多用于非正式文体。You cant come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him Im busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。（4） wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句wherever和no matter where用法相同，都作无论在（或到）哪里解，后者多用于非正式文体。Wherever/No matter where you go, Im right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。 （5）however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句however和no matter how用法相同，都作无论如何解，后者多用于非正式文体。However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。However high it may be, it cant reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。（6） whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句whenever和no matter when用法相同，都作无论何时解，后者多用于非正式文体。Whenever Im unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，他都给我鼓劲儿。 6. (no matter) whether.or引导的让步状语从句由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not, it's true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。考点五、原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。1. because引导的原因状语从句 because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，其所引导的从句，为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。I didnt go abroad with her because I couldnt afford it.我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。Dont scamp your work because you are pressed for time.不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。2. as引导的原因状语从句 as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用，as语气稍弱。As I didnt know the way，I asked a policeman.我不认识路，因而问警察。As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。3. since引导的原因状语从句since表示人们已知的事实，不许强调的原因，故常译为“既然”，通常位于主句前。since从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容，相当于now that。Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。Since you wont help me，Ill ask someone else.你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。4. now(that)引导的原因状语从句now(that)“因为；既然”，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再加以推论。Now(that) youve passed your test you can drive on your own.你既已考试合格，就可以独自开车了。I do remember，now (that) you mention it.你这一提，我倒的确想起来了。考点六、目的状语从句1. in order that引导的目的状语从句in order that为了；以便。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 专家讲得很慢，以便人人都能听得懂。2. so (that)引导的目的状语从句so that为了；以便。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才可能听得懂。She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她想让茶点在七点钟以前就备好，这样她八点就可以出门了。3. in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句in case，for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是以免，以防。in case多用于英国英语，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词；lest用于正式文体，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。Take your umbrella with you, lest it should rain. =Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上你的伞，以防下雨。He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞，以防下雨。考点七、结果状语从句1. so that引导的结果状语从句（1）so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。Suddenly it began to rain heavily, so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。（2）so that既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句，除了根据句意来判断外，还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号，一般为结果状语从句，如果从句中有情态动词，通常则为目的状语从句。They started out early, so that they didnt miss the trai