专题02限制性定语从句（关系副词）&必修第一册Unit3-Unit5知识回顾（原卷版）【寒假自学课】2024年高一英语寒假提升学与练（人教版2019）.docx

优点英语第02讲 限制性定语从句（关系副词）&必修第一册Unit3-Unit5知识回顾目录 温习知识：温习知识(词汇，易错考点) 语法导航：温习语法知识 写作导航：温习重点写作小试牛刀：核心单词语法填空+真题演练 Unit 3 Sports and Fitnesshost n. 主人；东道主；（电视或广播的）节目主持人 vt.主办,主持活动;做东；主持节目用法：a host country/city主办国、城市 ; play host to主办;接待拓展: n.女主人；女视或广播节目的）女主持人honour n.荣誉，名誉；尊敬，尊重；光荣，荣幸 用法：have the honour of sth/doing sth 得到某殊荣、有幸做某事 为向某人、某事表示敬意 It is honour (for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是种荣幸。拓展：vt.尊敬。尊重（某人）；给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）honour sb with sth.某事使某人感到荣幸；（+for sth.）(因某事给予某人奖励或表扬)be/feel honoured (to do sth)(做某事)感到荣幸determination n.决心，鉴定；决定，确定用法：show/have determination to do sth.显示出、有决心做某事; with determination 顽强地；坚定地拓展： vi & vi.查明；确定；决心，决定; determine on doing sth 决定做某事;determine to do sth决定/决心做某事 ; adj.坚决的，坚定的；有决心的be determined to do sth决心做某事; be determined that决定/决意injure vt.使受伤；损害用法: injure sb/oneself使某人/自己受伤； be/get badly/seriously injured严重受伤injure ones pride/feelings伤害某人的自尊/情感 拓展: 受伤； 弄伤自己; 伤员strength n.力量；体力；优点，长处用法： have the strength to do sth有做某事的力气/意志； build up ones strength增加体力with all ones strength用尽全身力气 拓展：adj. vt. 加强；巩固 failure n.失败；失败的人或事物用法: end in failure 以失败告终；learn through failure从失败中学习 ;consider oneself a 认为自己是个失败者 拓展： is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。compete vi竞争；对抗用法：compete for为竞争; compete against/with跟竞争； compete in 在方面竞争compete to do sth竞相做某事 拓展：n. 比赛者，竞争者 n.比赛，竞争pretend vi & vt. 假装；装扮用法：pretend (not)to do sth假装不做某；pretend stn假装在做某事pretend to sth假装做过某； pretend to be sb/sth假装是某人/某物；pretend that假装.positive adj.积极的，正面的，乐观的，肯定的用法: a positive attitude to/towards life对生活积极乐观的态度 be positive about his new job对她的新工作积极乐观的态度 take positive step/action/measures to do sth.采取积极的行动（措施）来做某事stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt 强调；重读；使焦虑不安用法： 在压力下; stress 承受压力; 减少压力stress the importance of hard work强调努力工作的重要性comparewith/to与比较n. comparison比较拓展： 与相比 ; compare A to B 把A比作B; compare notes（with sb）和某人交换看法、交换意见; by/in comparison with与相比 ; make a comparison进行对比单词变形练习1.It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and_(stress) society.2. My cousin gave me a_ (determine) lookthe kind that said she would not change her mind.3.The sun was out again, and it was a _（glory)day.4.Any_ (injure) to a child is a great concern to parents.5. The first prize was awarded to the youngest_(compete).6. _(fit) has become an important element in our lives.7.Theyve held the_ (champion) for the past two years.8. We students should _（strong) our security awareness.9.In life, its natural that we all experience successes and_（fail).10.I'm so_ (honour) to know about your dream and blueprint.Unit 4 Natural Disastersdestroy vt. (destroyed, destroyed ).摧毁，毁灭； n. 摧毁；毁灭；破坏 adj. 破坏性的；引起破坏的affect v. 影响；侵袭；深深打动 n. 喜爱；钟爱 have an affection for 喜爱. affecting adj. 动人的，感人的对比：effect n.作用; 影响in effect=in facthave an effect on 对有影响bring /put sth .into effect 实行，使生效come into effect 生效，开始实施deadly adj 致命的；极度的，彻底的adv. 死一般地，极其，非常 adj 垂死的；临终的 渴望/极想. be dying to do 极想做.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕be a shock to sb 对某人来说是一个打击be in a state of shock惊魂未定be shocked at/by对感到震惊 be shocked to do sth .对做某事感到震惊 adj.感到震惊的 adj. 令人震惊的 it is shocking that 令人震惊的是. trap vt ( trapped , trapped) 使陷入困境；卡住；使陷入全套n. 陷阱，圈套；困境be trapped in 被困在.中trapped sb into sth 诱骗某人做某事set/lay a trap 设下陷阱；圈套fall into a trap 掉进陷阱；落入圈套bury vt. ( buried, buried ).埋葬；埋藏；覆盖；遮盖 ; vt. 使陷入bury ones head/face in ones hands 双手抱头、掩面 专心致志于做某事 埋头作某事effort n.气力；努力；费力的事; n.艰难的尝试，试图；尽力with an effort 努力地，费力地pay effort into. 对付出努力make an effort 做出努力make every effort to do sth in an effort to do sth 尽力/试图做某事suffer vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤)受苦，受难，受折磨; vt.遭受，经历（后常跟抽象名词，如pain,defeat,loss .damage） 患.疾病；受.之苦（不能用于被动语态） n.患病者；受难者 n.痛苦；磨难survive vt.幸存，幸免于难，艰难度过（其宾语通常是war, accident, flood, fire, earthquake, air crash）vi.生存，存活，继续存在; vt.比活的时间长survive from .从.中保留下来survive on . 依靠生存下来survive sb by +时间 比某人多活 n.幸存，生存，存活；残留物 n.幸存者，生还者aid n. 帮助；救援物质; v.帮助，援助first /emergency aid 急救/紧急援助come to ones aid 来帮助某人in aid of .为了帮助.with the aid of 在 的帮助下aid sb in doing sth =aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事aid sb in/with sth 在某事上帮助某人strike vi.vt. ( struck, struck/stricken)侵袭，突击；击打; n.罢工；罢课；袭击be struck with /by 被打动strike into ones heart 使 刻骨铭心It strikes/hits sb that(=it occurs to sb that)某人突然想起be on strike 在罢工（状态）go on strike 举行罢工（动作）end /call off a strike 结束罢工deliver vt,vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表；接生；助产；分娩deliver sth to sb 把某物送给某人deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲be delivered of a baby 生产，分娩 n.递送；分娩；演讲方式单词变形练习1.If cancers are spotted early, there is a high chance of _(survive).2.There is worldwide concern about the_(destroy) of the rainforests.3.I was looking for my handbag, which _(bury) under a pile of books .4.The stream has frozen up and you can see the fish_(trap) in the ice.5.Thanks to recent research ,_(effect) treatments are available.6.He felt too _(shock) to move. His world had been turned upside down.7.Dry hair can_(damage)by washing it too frequently.8.Mike ran out of the fields looking for places_(hide),and fish jumped out of the water.9.But citys one million people _(be) asleep as usual that night.10.Indian_(office)said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast.11.Another 254 were found _(die) in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.12.We had to leave everything and run to _(safe).13.Thousands of people are still missing ,and the number of deaths is expected to grow even _(high) over the next few days.14.A summary should be around one third the _(long) of the original text.Unit 5 Musicperform Vt& vi 表演；演出 履行；执行 运转；工作perform/play an important role in 在中起重要的作用 n a. 表演 【C】 b.表现【U】 C. 履行；执行【U】 n 表演者；演员enable vt 使能够 (1).enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 add to 把加到 (2). adj. 能；能够 be able to do sth. 能够做某事(3). n 能力 have an/ the ability to do sth 有能力去做某事reward vt 奖赏reward sb for sth 因某事奖赏某人 reward sb with sth 用某物回报某人n 报酬；奖赏 in reward for 作为对的回报original adj 原来的；起初的； adv 起初 = at first Originally then capable adj. 有能力的 ；有才能的be capable of (doing) sth. 有能力做某事 n. 能力relief n. (焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消，(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱in relief 如释重负；松了口气 what a relief! 终于放心了！(much) to ones relief (非常）使某人欣慰的是;（非常)令某人安心的是It is a relief to do sth 做是件令人欣慰的事 a relief for sth 对是一种缓解relief from/of 的减轻，缓和，消除relieve sb. of sth. 帮助某人减轻的负担,解除某人的职务relieve ones pain/pressure 减轻某人的痛苦/压力 impactn. 巨大影响，强大作用，冲击力V. 对某事物有影响，作用 对某物/某人有巨大影响 impact on/ upon. 对.有影响/作用talent n 天才;天赋 have a talent/gift for 在方面有天赋 adj. 有才能的，有才干的 be talented/gifted in 在方面有才能satisfaction n. 满足；满意；欣慰1.a sense of satisfaction 一种满足感with satisfaction 满足地to ones satisfaction= to the satisfaction of sb. 使某人满意 a satisfaction to sb. 对某人来说是一件满意的事2. vt. 使满足，使满意satisfy/meet ones needs/demands 满足某人的要求3. adj. 感到满意的 be satisfied to do. 愿意做 adj 令人满意的 = satisfactory far from satisfactory 远非令人满意 reaction n. 反应；回应 n 反应；回应 reaction to 对的反应 vi. 回应；抗拒；反应react to sb/sth 对某人/某物作出反应；回应react against 反抗，反对单词变形练习.1In spite of all the problems, several of the players produced excellent _ (perform)2Ludwig van Beethoven was a German _ (compose) and pianist.3_ (inspire) by his example, we went on working again.4I got no _ (satisfy) from the customer complain department.5The loan _ (enable) Jan to buy the house. 6My immediate _ (react) was to back down.7There are _ (variety) ways to answer your question. 8She got great _ (satisfy) from helping people to learn.9There have been great advances in the _ (treat) of cancer.10It was impossible to make _ (assume) about people's reaction.11They were completely _ (absorb) in each other. 12We all breathed a sigh of _ (relieve) when he left.13. What was Jeff's _ (react) when you told him about the job?定语从句（二）关系副词的用法一关系副词的基本用法关系副词在从句中的作用例句When(=at/in/on+which)时间状语I shall never forget the day we moved into our new house. （先行词the day还原到从句中为: we moved into our new house on the day , 作时间状语，用when 或 on which）我永远不会忘记我们搬入新房子的那一天。Where（=at/ in/on+which）地点状语This is the house I lived two years ago. （先行词the house还原到从句中为: I lived in the house two years ago, 作地点状语，用where 或in which）这就是我两年前居住的房子。Why(=for which )原因状语There are many reasons people like traveling. （先行词the reason还原到从句中为: people like traveling for the reasons, 作原因状语，用why 或for which）人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。二关系副词和关系代词的正确使用先行词在定语从句中充当状语，则用关系副词；主宾表，则用关系代词Ill never forget the day I worked with you on the farm. (先行词the day还原到从句中为: I worked with you on the farm on the day, 作时间状语，用when或on which) 我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。He works in the factory these bikes are made. (先行词the factory还原到从句中为: these bikes are made in the factory, 作地点状语, 用where或in which) 他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。This is the reason he explained to us. (先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he explained the reason to us, 作explained的宾语，用that/ which) 这就是他对我们解释的理由。I dont know the reason he was so angry.( 先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he was so angry for the reason, 作原因状语， 用why或for which)我不知道他如此生气的原因。三关系副词易错点：1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在 中（下）”where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词： situation, condition, scene, stage, position, case, point等。I have reached a point in my life I should make decisions of my own. 我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live. 目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在 的时间里”when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们呆一天的机会很少。We are living in an age many things are done on computers. 我们生活在一个许多事情靠计算机来做的时代。3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句，要用for which。I have told him the reason, I missed the early bus. 我没赶上早班车, 我已经告诉了他原因。4.way作先行词way充当方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意how不能引导定语从句。）充当主语、宾语，引导词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。This is the way he solved the problem.(先行词the way还原到定语从句中为：he solved the problem in the way，作方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which，也可省略。)这就是他解决问题的方法。This is the way he used to solve the problem.(the way作used的宾语，that/which可省略)这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。This is the way was used to solve the problem.(the way作was used的主语，that/which不可省略)这就是被使用的解决问题的方法。5.”介词关系代词”引导的定语从句A.若先行词指人，关系代词whom；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which。It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer I went for advice.那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。Ill never forget the day first met Lucy.我永远不会忘记初次见露西的那一天。This is the town Shakespeare was born.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。Id like you to explain the reason you were absent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。B.关系代词前介词的选择。将先行词还原到定语从句中，即可确定介词。（1）I cant remember the age at he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age）（2）The documents they were searching have been recovered.他们正在寻找的文件已经找到了。（search for）（3）The colorless gas we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体叫作氧气，没有了它我们无法生存。C.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book which/that you asked for.这是你要的那本书。注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如 look for, look after, call on, care for, hear of, take care of等。l 我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。【正】My youngest sister, whom have to look after, is very lovely.【误】My youngest sister, after whom have to look, is very lovely.用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空1. I still remember the day_ I first came to Beijing.2.This is the room _ my grandparents lived last year.3.Do you know the reason_ he refused to go to Marys birthday party. 4.This is the hospital_ my mother works.5.That is the reason _ I did the job.6. _ we know, this is the day_ the quake happened thirty-five years ago.7.He works in a factory_ makes this type of iPhone.8.This is the hospital _ we visited the day before yesterday.9. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.10.The way _ our chemistry teacher did the experiment was very interesting.Sports and fitness 锻炼与健康假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Mark来信说他经常吃垃圾食品，又不爱运动，导致身体肥胖，有点自卑。现在请你给他写封回信，劝说他远离垃圾食品，健康饮食，内容包括：1.垃圾食品的危害；2.多运动的好处；3.要学会自信。Dear Mark, ? you usually eat junk food and don't like to exercise, obesity and made you less confident, .Just like you, I eating junk food and dislike taking exercise. However, everything changed when I knew about the danger of eating junk food. In fact, teenagers junk food. And eating junk food can also many health problems. the bad habit and begin to , because more exercise can , you will build up confidence gradually. I hope my advice you. your good news. 一切都好吗? 了解到你经常吃垃圾食品，不喜欢锻炼，导致肥胖，使你不自信(定语从句)，我写信给你一些建议。和你一样，我以前喜欢吃垃圾食品，不喜欢锻炼。然而，当我知道吃垃圾食品的危害时，一切都变了。事实上，青少年不能从垃圾食品中获得任何有用的营养。吃垃圾食品也会导致许多健康问题。你很有必要改掉这个不好的习惯，开始尽可能多地进行户外运动，因为更多的运动可以帮助你控制你的体重和保持健康。只要你保持健康的生活方式，你就会逐渐建立起自信。我希望我的建议对你有帮助。我期待着你的好消息。自然灾害(新闻报道)An earthquake 6.0 hit Changning County of Yibin in China's Sichuan Province at 22:55 on June 17, 2019. 12 people were killed and 134 were injured during the earthquake. Besides, many roads and thousands of houses were destroyed. the earthquake, rescue workers