考点11 阅读理解之写作意图（原卷版）.docx

优点英语考点11 阅读理解之写作意图Part 1 题型详解：推理判断写作目的和意图考点是高考中的必考点。一篇发表的文章总有其作者的写作目的和用意，做这类题时，要站在作者的角度上看问题。预测在2024高考中，目的和意图会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。Part 2 常见设问方式：1. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?2. The purpose of the text is to _.3. The factis mentioned by the author to show_.4. The author writers the . paragraph to _.Part 3 解题方法指导:1.关注文章体裁，理解文章写作手法。2. 理解作者的词句选择和语气。Part 4 真题检测:2023年北京卷英语真题In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the worlds most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarters profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. Peoples hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “Its cold this winter, so I neednt worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldnt send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.3What does the author intend to tell us?AFar-sighted thinking matters to humans.BHumans tend to make long-term sacrifices.CCurrent policies facilitate future decision-making.DBias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages. Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands. So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. Its also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.5What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?ATo promote eco-tourism.BTo improve forestry research.CTo popularise gardening.DTo get people close to nature.2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job. In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesnt pay to be a perfectionist. How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort. Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”10What does the text seem to advocate?AMiddle-of-the-road work habits.BBalance between work and family.CLong-standing cultural traditions.DHarmony in the work environment.2021年全国甲卷英语真题When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless bluesky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant dont worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thats what matteredlanding tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, Id given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. Ive traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving(穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a railthin teenager, in a baggy white Tshirt, skidded(滑)up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”14What message does the author seem to convey in the text?AChildren should learn a second language.BSport is necessary for childrens health.CChildren need a sense of belongingDSeeing the world is a must for children.Part 5 模拟练习:2024届辽宁省本溪市平山区本溪市高级中学高三一模英语试题Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020.One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” drivers concerns about running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USAAttitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models a run for their money.As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial (商业的) electric flight a reality.Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim (声称) to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.17What is the function of Paragraph 4?ATo introduce the history of electric travel.BTo explain why the world needs more electric cars.CTo show why more people have interest in electric cars.DTo describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.2023届广东省广州市高三上学期调研测试（一模）英语试题Pieter Bruegels iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were.“nowadays, however, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a consequence of breeding (培育)along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population,” biologist De Smet explained.De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time. He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen, a friend since childhood, to document such artwork around the world. They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape, color and size.Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum, where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared to be pale and white on the inside. Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea. “No, this is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he painted it like that, thats the way it must have looked like,” he explained.Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century.“With all the genetic knowledge we now have, we can look in more detail how something comes about,”De Smet said. “For example, until the 18th century, European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings-they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties.”Ultimately, the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. “However,” Vergauwen reminds, “if youre going to use, for example, Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century, you might be misled.”22What is the purpose of the text?ATo comment on historical plant paintings.BTo tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.CTo inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.DTo introduce a study on food crop transformation.2022届广东省广州市高三一模考试英语试题Sometimes a book comes along that isnt just “interesting” or “well done” its a book where it seems like the author looked into your brain and wrote a book specifically for you. A book like that for me was released this week. Its called 100 Things Weve Lost to the Internet, written by editor Pamela Paul.Paul lists 100 things we used to do that the Internet has either changed or taken over completely: writing letters, print newspapers, the joys of being bored, and not having all the knowledge in the world in your pocket.As Im a longtime accumulator of random knowledge, certain entries on the listBeing the Only One, Figuring Out Who That Actor ishit me where live; remembering detailed facts is no longer  nearly as impressive when everyone has the capability to find the answer in seconds.On and on the list goes, with every minor shift adding to the pile. What this book does so well is illustrate the growth of that pile; while any individual item might be no big deal, the collected set is significant. Its a list of ways in which the world now is different from the world then.Obviously, Paul isnt saying that everything back then was better. Time marches on, after all. and its tough to argue against the many benefits that the Internet has brought into our lives. But that isnt really the