专题 25 中国文化读写专项：颐和园+故宫-2024年高考英语常考中国文化读写专练+素材积累 .docx

优点英语Lesson 3. Summer Palace颐和园The Summer Palace in Beijing first built in 1750, largely destroyed in the war of 1860 and restored on its original foundations in 1886 is a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The natural landscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial features such as pavilions, halls, palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious whole effect of outstanding aesthetic value.The imperial Chinese garden, taking the Summer Palace for example, is a symbol of one of the major world civilizations. The Summer Palace is a perfect example of the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east.Between 1750 and 1764 the Qing Emperor Qianlong created the Garden of Clear Ripples (Summer Palace), extending the area of the lake and carrying out other improvements based on the hill and its landscape. During the Second Opium War (1856-60) the garden and its buildings were destroyed by the allied forces. Between 1886 and 1895 it was reconstructed by Emperor Guangxu and renamed the Summer Palace, for use by Empress Dowager Cixi. It was damaged in 1900 by the international expeditionary force during the suppression of the Boxer Rising and restored two years later. It became a public park in 1924.The Summer Palace covers an area of 2.97 km2, three-quarters of which is covered by water. The main framework is supplied by the Hill of Longevity and Kunming Lake, complemented by man-made features. It is designed on a large scale with its role as an imperial garden. It is divided into three areas, each with its particular function: political and administrative activities, residence, and recreation and sightseeing. The political area is reach by means of the monumental East Palace Gate. The central feature is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity, an impressing structure with its own courtyard garden. This area connects directly with the residential area, which is made up of three complexes of buildings. The Hall of Happiness in Longevity was the palace of Cixi and the Hall of Jade Ripples that of Guangxu and his empress, whereas the Hall of Yiyun housed his concubines. These buildings are all built up against the Hill of Longevity, with fine views over the lake, and are connected to one another by means of roofed corridors. These communicate with the Great Stage to the east and the Long Corridor (728 m), with more than 10,000 paintings on its walls and ceilings, to the west. In front of the Hall of Happiness in Longevity there is a wooden quay giving access by water to their quarters for the imperial family. The remainder of the Summer Palace, some 90% of the total area, is given over to recreation and sightseeing. The steeper northern side of the Hill of Longevity is a quiet area, through which a stream follows a winding course.There are many halls and pavilions handled within the overall frame provided by the lake and the low hills around them. The Tower of the Fragrance of Buddha forms the centre of the structures on the south side of the hill. It is octagonal in plan and its three storeys rise to a height of 41 m. It is supported on eight massive pillars of lignum vitae and roofed with a great variety of glazed tiles. East of the Tower is the Revolving Archive, a Buddhist structure with a pillar on which is carved an account of the creation of the garden. To the west are the Wu Fang Pavilion and the Baoyun Bronze Pavilion constructed entirely in bronze.Between the Tower and the lake is the complex known as the Hall that Dispels the Clouds. Other pavilions and halls cluster around these main features. Kunming Lake has many of the features of the natural scenery of the region south of the Yangtze River. It contains three large islands.The South Lake Island is linked to the East Dyke by the stately Seventeen Arch Bridge. The West Dike consciously follows the style of the famous Sudi Dyke built in the West Lake at Hangzhou during the Song dynasty in the 13th century; six bridges in different styles along its length lend variety to the view as seen up against the background of the West Hill, which is an essential feature of the overall design of the garden. (726 words)Helper:restore rist: 修复 masterpiece m:stpi:s 杰作 pavilion p'vln （公园中的）亭，阁楼 aesthetic i:setk 美学的 the Garden of Clear Ripples 清漪园 opium pi:m 鸦片 allied  'æla forces联军 dowager dad(r) 继承亡夫爵位（或遗产的）遗孀 expeditionary eksp'dner 出征的（尤指军事上） suppression spren 镇压, 禁止 Boxer Rising义和团 complemented 'kmplment 补充 concubine kkjuban 妾，妃子 corridor krid: 走廊，通道 quay ki: 码头，埠头 quarter地区 lignum 'lgnm vitae 'wi:ta愈创木 glazed tileleizd tail釉面瓦 octagonal k'tænl 八边形的 Hall of Benevolence and Longevity仁寿殿；The Hall of Happiness in Longevity乐寿堂；Hall of Jade Ripples玉澜堂；Hall of Yiyun宜芸馆；the Long Corridor长廊；The Tower of the Fragrance of Buddha佛香阁；the Revolving Archive转轮藏；the Wu Fang Pavilion五方阁；Baoyun Bronze Pavilion宝云阁，铜亭；the Hall that Dispels the Clouds排云殿；Kunming Lake昆明湖；The South Lake Island南湖岛；the East Dyke 东堤；Sudi Dyke 苏堤；Seventeen Arch Bridge十七孔桥Chinese Brief Introduction: 中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林，中国四大名园（另三座为承德避暑山庄、苏州拙政园、苏州留园）之一。位于北京市海淀区，距北京城区十五公里，占地约二百九十公顷。利用昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖风景为蓝本，汲取江南园林的某些设计手法和意境而建成的一座大型天然山水园，也是保存得最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为皇家园林博物馆。颐和园（Summer Palace）原是清朝帝王的行宫和花园，前身清漪园，为三山五园（三山是指万寿山、香山和玉泉山。三座山上分别建有三园清漪园、静宜园、静明园，此外还有附近的畅春园和圆明园，统称五园）中最后兴建的一座园林，始建于1750年，1764年建成，面积290公顷,水面约占四分之三。乾隆继位以前，在北京西郊一带，已建起了四座大型皇家园林，从海淀到香山这四座园林自成体系，相互间缺乏有机的联系，中间的“瓮山泊”成了一片空旷地带。乾隆十五年（1750年），乾隆皇帝为孝敬其母孝圣皇后动用448万两白银在这里改建为清漪园，以此为中心把两边的四个园子连成一体，形成了从现清华园到香山长达二十公里的皇家园林区。咸丰十年（1860年），清漪园被英法联军焚毁。光绪十四年（1888年），慈禧太后以筹措海军经费的名义动用银两（据专家考证，应为500至600万两白银），由样式雷的第七代传人雷廷昌主持重建，改称颐和园，作消夏游乐地。到光绪二十六年（1900年），颐和园又遭“八国联军”的破坏，许多珍宝被劫掠一空。光绪二十九年（1903年）修复。后来在军阀混战、国民党统治时期，又遭破坏，1949年之后政府不断拨款修缮，1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，1998年11月被列入世界遗产名录。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。颐和园拥有多项世界之最、中国之最。 Exercise:I. Questions:1. State the brief history of the Summer Palace.2. Why is the Summer Palace thought to be a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design?3. Translate the following Chinese into English.乐寿堂 玉澜堂 昆明湖 南湖岛 十七孔桥 五方阁II. Written work1. 假如你叫张璐，最近受到笔友Julia的电子邮件，得知近日她将来北京游玩，并在某宾馆居住。Julia将首先参观颐和园，要求你对其给予介绍，并给其拟定一份参观计划。请你将介绍内容和参观计划以电子邮件的形式发给Julia。词数120 左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。园林介绍中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林，风景秀丽。皇家建筑和精美画廊蕴含着浓郁的中国文化。参观日期下周日出发时间早上7：00 从宾馆出发，半小时就可到达目的地。参观安排上午参观园林，中午在饭店吃饭，下午继续参观，晚上乘出租车或公交车返回宾馆。参考词汇：皇家royal，画廊gallery，保存完好best-preservedDear Julia，Its very nice to hear that youll come to Beijing for a visit. Its a good idea for you to visit the Summer Palace first._Of course, if you like, I would like to be your guide.Best wishes!Yours, Zhang Lu2. 根据提示，写一篇介绍颐和园的短文。The Summer Palace： one of the most famous parks in Beijing.Where it is located： in the western suburbs of Beijing.How to get there： by bus or by taxi or by bikeWhat it is like： one of the most beautiful parks in Beijing/bigWhat you can see or do there/What it is famous for： Kunming Lake-man-made lake/Longevity Hill/700-meter Long Corridor/magnificent halls/beautiful gardensSuggestions： go boating on the lake or go for a walk along the corridor or climb the hill and have a beautiful view from the top or look at the big halls or visit small gardensLesson 4 Forbidden City (Palace Museum)紫禁城（故宫）Lying at the city center and called Gu Gong in Chinese, it was the imperial palace for twenty-four emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was first built throughout 14 years during the reign of Emperor Chengzu in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Ancient Chinese Astronomers believed that the Purple Star (Polaris) was in the center of heaven and the Heavenly Emperor lived in the Purple Palace. The Palace for the emperor on earth was so called the Purple City. It was forbidden to enter without special permission of the emperor. Hence its name “The Purple Forbidden City”, usually “The Forbidden City”.Now known as the Palace Museum, it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape, it is the world's largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a 52-meter-wide moat and a 10-meter-high wall are more than 8,700 rooms. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate, to the north is the Gate of Divine Might (Shenwumen), which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters, while the distance between the east and west gates is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside.It is divided into two parts. The southern section, or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section, or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court, fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries, it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987, the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world-wide.Construction of the palace complex began in 1407, the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor (Emperor Chengzu, Zhu Di) of the Ming dynasty. It was completed fourteen years later in 1420, and then the capital city was moved from Nanjing to Beijing the next year. It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan District. It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were carried from faraway provinces.Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building it. Take the grand red city wall for example. It has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family, it is the dominant color in it. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However, there is one exception. Wenyuange, the royal library, has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could put out fire.Nowadays, it is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders, the grand and deluxe halls, with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy 'modern civilians'. （649 words）Helper:Polaris pulris 北极星 rectangular rek'tæjl(r) <数> 矩形的； 成直角的 hectare hekte(r) 公顷 moat mt 壕沟，护城河 Divine divain 神的Might mait 威力 delicately 'delktl 优美地，精致地 curtain wall屏式管墙, 挡火管墙 supreme sju:pri:m 最高的 reign rein 当政，统治 curiosity好奇心，古玩 artisan :tzn, -sn 技工，工匠 quarry 'kwr 开采(石料或矿产) timber timb 木材 angular ægjl(r)有角的 frustrate frstreit 挫败， 阻挠 white lime hwait lam 熟石灰 glutinous rice glu:tns rais 糯米 cement siment 水泥；胶合剂 egg white蛋白 incredible inkredbl 惊人的；难以置信的 dominant dminnt 占优势的 deluxe d'lks 高级的, 豪华的Chinese Brief Introduction: 故宫位于中国北京市市中心，旧称紫禁城，占地72万多平方米，有楼8000余间，建筑面积约15万平方米。于明代永乐十八年（1420年）建成，是明、清两代的皇宫。明成祖朱棣决定迁都北京，永乐4年（1406年）始建，永乐18年基本建成，在500年历史中有24位皇帝曾居住于此。其中，明朝有14位皇帝，而清朝有10位皇帝。故宫全部建筑由“前朝”与“内廷”两部分组成，四周有城墙围绕。四面由护城河环抱。城四角有角楼。四面各有一门，正南是午门，为故宫的正门。故宫是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群。Exercise:I. Questions:1. Why is Gugong called “The Purple Forbidden City”?2. Whats the distance between Tiananmen Square and the Gate of Divine Might?3. Where did the emperor and his royal family live, the southern section, or the northern section?4. Which emperor made the decision first to move the capital to Beijing in the Ming dynasty? 5. When did he move the capital to Beijing?6. Do you think it is easy to climb the wall of the Forbidden City? If not, why?II. Written work1. 假如你叫李明，你有一位英国网友名叫Tom，他听说过中国的故宫，但知之不多，于是给你发来了email，请你给他介绍一下有关故宫的一些情况。请你根据下面提供的一些要点给他回一封电子邮件： 1. 故宫（the Palace Museum）又叫紫禁城（the Forbidden City）。它于1407年开始修建，二十万人花了十四年的时间，于1420年建成。2. 据说它所有的宫殿一共有999个房间。在中国“9”这个数字传统地被认为是吉祥的。3. 现在，每周星期二，故宫免费向中国学生开发。 4. 故宫保存着中国历史上五千多年来的珍宝（precious treasures）。请他亲自来看一下。2. （2009年全国卷）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Sarah打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：1. 简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺；2. 位置：天安门广场南面；3. 交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线；4. 特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。参考词汇：步行街pedestrian street当当车trolley car   地铁subway注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3. 开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。Dear Sarah,Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Here is something about it. Yours,                                                     Li HuaSUGGESTED ANSWERS3. Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in BeijingII. Written work1.Dear Julia，Its very nice to hear that youll come to Beijing for a visit. Its a good idea for you to visit the Summer Palace first.As you can imagine, being the largest and best-preserved royal park in China, the Summer Palace is really a beautiful place! In it you can see lakes and man-made hills, which are so attractive. Whats more, you can also see many Chinese royal buildings and galleries, which show rich Chinese culture.Youd better visit the Summer Palace next Sunday. You can leave your hotel at 7:00 am, and after half an hours ride, youll get there. In the morning, you can visit half of it. At noon , you can eat your lunch at a restaurant. In the afternoon, you can go on with your visit. In the evening, you can return to your hotel by taxi or bus.Of course, if you like, I would like to be your guide.Best wishes!Zhang Lu2. One of the most famous parks to go to in Beijing is the Summer Palace. It is located in the western suburbs of Beijing. It is easy to go there by bus, by taxi of by bike.It is one of the most and biggest parks in Beijing. There is beautiful Kumming Lake in the park. It is a man-made lake. In front of the lake, there is the 700-meter Long Corridor. Behind it is the Longevity Hill. There are some magnificent halls and beautifu